In the almost empty universe (with almost no matter in it), stochastic gravitational waves (SGW) ... more In the almost empty universe (with almost no matter in it), stochastic gravitational waves (SGW) of finite amplitude produce a de Sitter regime as a solution, which is invariant with respect to the Wick rotation. Asymptotically, super horizon SGWs do not “feel” difference between Lorentzian and Euclidean spacetime and belong simultaneously to both of them. The universe is finishing its evolution in Euclidean spacetime, i.e., it disappears into nothing. Quantum fluctuations of the gravitational field (gravitons) produce a de Sitter regime again in Euclidean spacetime where the current universe finished its existence, and due to the invariance of the de Sitter regime with respect to Wick rotation, the next universe starts its life with de Sitter inflation in Lorentzian spacetime. Such a scenario assumes that a permanent process of birth, death and rebirth of an infinite sequence of universes takes place on an infinite time axis.
In the almost empty Universe (with almost no matter in it), stochastic gravitational waves (SGW) ... more In the almost empty Universe (with almost no matter in it), stochastic gravitational waves (SGW) of finite amplitude produce a de Sitter regime as a solution, which is invariant with respect to the Wick rotation. Asymptotically, super horizon SGWs do not "feel" difference between Lorentzian and Euclidean space-time and belong simultaneously to both of them. The Universe is finishing its evolution in Euclidean space-time, i.e., it disappears into Nothing. Quantum fluctuations of gravitational field (gravitons) produce a de Sitter regime again in the Euclidean space-time where the current Universe finished its existence, and due to the invariance of the de Sitter regime with respect to Wick rotation, the next Universe starts its life with de Sitter inflation in the Lorentzian space-time. Such a scenario assumes that a permanent process of birth, death, and rebirth of an infinite sequence of universes takes place on an infinite time axis.
It is shown that de Sitter accelerated expansion of the Universe (dark energy effect) is an exact... more It is shown that de Sitter accelerated expansion of the Universe (dark energy effect) is an exact solution to the set of self-consistent stochastic nonlinear gravitational waves in the FLRW metric coming to the Universe from “nowhere”.
It is shown that the classical gravitational waves of super-horizon wavelengths are able to form ... more It is shown that the classical gravitational waves of super-horizon wavelengths are able to form the de Sitter accelerated expansion of the empty (with no matter fields) Universe. The contemporary Universe is about 70% empty and asymptotically is going to become completely empty, so the effect caused by emptiness should be already very noticeable. It could manifest itself as the dark energy.
The dark energy from virtual gravitons is consistent with observational data on supernova with th... more The dark energy from virtual gravitons is consistent with observational data on supernova with the same accuracy as the CDM model. The fact that virtual gravitons are capable of producing of a de Sitter accelerated expansion of the FLRW universe was established in 2008 (see references). The combination of conformal non–invariance with zero rest mass of gravitons (unique properties of the gravitational field) leads to the appearance of graviton dark energy in a mater-dominated era. Тhis fact explains the relatively recent appearance of the dark energy and answers the question “Why now?”. The transition redshifts (where deceleration is replaced by acceleration) that follow from the graviton theory are consistent with model independent transition redshifts derived from observational data. Prospects for testing the GCDM model (the graviton model of dark energy where G stands for gravitons) and comparison with the CDM model are discussed.
It is shown that gravitational waves with wavelength of the order of the horizon of events are ca... more It is shown that gravitational waves with wavelength of the order of the horizon of events are capable of generating an accelerated expansion (dark energy effect). Due to the conformal non-invariance of gravitational field, the dark energy from gravitational waves should appear no earlier than our era of the universe evolution comes. It answers the long-standing question "Why now? Cosmology, Dark Energy, Gravitational Waves
It is shown that the de Sitter state is invariant with respect to Wick rotation. In imaginary tim... more It is shown that the de Sitter state is invariant with respect to Wick rotation. In imaginary time, super- horizon quantum and classical metric fluctuations of the empty FLRW space (with no matter fields) form a self-consistent de Sitter state. The invariance with respect to Wick rotation suggests that this de Sitter state is formed also in the empty space of real time. At the start and by the end of its cosmological evolution the Universe is empty, so that the de Sitter expansion of the empty space can be the cause of inflation and dark energy. This scenario is consistent with the existing observational data
Views of the large-scale structure of the solar system, consisting of the Sun, the nine planets a... more Views of the large-scale structure of the solar system, consisting of the Sun, the nine planets and their satellites, changed when Oort demonstrated that a gigantic cloud of comets (the Oort cloud) is located on the periphery of the solar system. The following subject areas are covered: (1) the Oort cloud's mass; (2) Hill's cloud mass; (3) angular momentum distribution in the solar system; and (4) the cometary cloud around other stars.
In the almost empty universe (with almost no matter in it), stochastic gravitational waves (SGW) ... more In the almost empty universe (with almost no matter in it), stochastic gravitational waves (SGW) of finite amplitude produce a de Sitter regime as a solution, which is invariant with respect to the Wick rotation. Asymptotically, super horizon SGWs do not “feel” difference between Lorentzian and Euclidean spacetime and belong simultaneously to both of them. The universe is finishing its evolution in Euclidean spacetime, i.e., it disappears into nothing. Quantum fluctuations of the gravitational field (gravitons) produce a de Sitter regime again in Euclidean spacetime where the current universe finished its existence, and due to the invariance of the de Sitter regime with respect to Wick rotation, the next universe starts its life with de Sitter inflation in Lorentzian spacetime. Such a scenario assumes that a permanent process of birth, death and rebirth of an infinite sequence of universes takes place on an infinite time axis.
In the almost empty Universe (with almost no matter in it), stochastic gravitational waves (SGW) ... more In the almost empty Universe (with almost no matter in it), stochastic gravitational waves (SGW) of finite amplitude produce a de Sitter regime as a solution, which is invariant with respect to the Wick rotation. Asymptotically, super horizon SGWs do not "feel" difference between Lorentzian and Euclidean space-time and belong simultaneously to both of them. The Universe is finishing its evolution in Euclidean space-time, i.e., it disappears into Nothing. Quantum fluctuations of gravitational field (gravitons) produce a de Sitter regime again in the Euclidean space-time where the current Universe finished its existence, and due to the invariance of the de Sitter regime with respect to Wick rotation, the next Universe starts its life with de Sitter inflation in the Lorentzian space-time. Such a scenario assumes that a permanent process of birth, death, and rebirth of an infinite sequence of universes takes place on an infinite time axis.
It is shown that de Sitter accelerated expansion of the Universe (dark energy effect) is an exact... more It is shown that de Sitter accelerated expansion of the Universe (dark energy effect) is an exact solution to the set of self-consistent stochastic nonlinear gravitational waves in the FLRW metric coming to the Universe from “nowhere”.
It is shown that the classical gravitational waves of super-horizon wavelengths are able to form ... more It is shown that the classical gravitational waves of super-horizon wavelengths are able to form the de Sitter accelerated expansion of the empty (with no matter fields) Universe. The contemporary Universe is about 70% empty and asymptotically is going to become completely empty, so the effect caused by emptiness should be already very noticeable. It could manifest itself as the dark energy.
The dark energy from virtual gravitons is consistent with observational data on supernova with th... more The dark energy from virtual gravitons is consistent with observational data on supernova with the same accuracy as the CDM model. The fact that virtual gravitons are capable of producing of a de Sitter accelerated expansion of the FLRW universe was established in 2008 (see references). The combination of conformal non–invariance with zero rest mass of gravitons (unique properties of the gravitational field) leads to the appearance of graviton dark energy in a mater-dominated era. Тhis fact explains the relatively recent appearance of the dark energy and answers the question “Why now?”. The transition redshifts (where deceleration is replaced by acceleration) that follow from the graviton theory are consistent with model independent transition redshifts derived from observational data. Prospects for testing the GCDM model (the graviton model of dark energy where G stands for gravitons) and comparison with the CDM model are discussed.
It is shown that gravitational waves with wavelength of the order of the horizon of events are ca... more It is shown that gravitational waves with wavelength of the order of the horizon of events are capable of generating an accelerated expansion (dark energy effect). Due to the conformal non-invariance of gravitational field, the dark energy from gravitational waves should appear no earlier than our era of the universe evolution comes. It answers the long-standing question "Why now? Cosmology, Dark Energy, Gravitational Waves
It is shown that the de Sitter state is invariant with respect to Wick rotation. In imaginary tim... more It is shown that the de Sitter state is invariant with respect to Wick rotation. In imaginary time, super- horizon quantum and classical metric fluctuations of the empty FLRW space (with no matter fields) form a self-consistent de Sitter state. The invariance with respect to Wick rotation suggests that this de Sitter state is formed also in the empty space of real time. At the start and by the end of its cosmological evolution the Universe is empty, so that the de Sitter expansion of the empty space can be the cause of inflation and dark energy. This scenario is consistent with the existing observational data
Views of the large-scale structure of the solar system, consisting of the Sun, the nine planets a... more Views of the large-scale structure of the solar system, consisting of the Sun, the nine planets and their satellites, changed when Oort demonstrated that a gigantic cloud of comets (the Oort cloud) is located on the periphery of the solar system. The following subject areas are covered: (1) the Oort cloud's mass; (2) Hill's cloud mass; (3) angular momentum distribution in the solar system; and (4) the cometary cloud around other stars.
Dark Energy Can be Delivered to the Universe by Stochastic Nonlinear Gravitational Waves Coming from "Nowhere", 2023
It is shown that de Sitter accelerated expansion of the Universe (dark energy effect) is an exact... more It is shown that de Sitter accelerated expansion of the Universe (dark energy effect) is an exact solution to the set of self-consistent stochastic nonlinear gravitational waves in the FLRW metric coming to the Universe from "nowhere".
Dark Energy from Virtual Gravitons and Stochastic Gravitational Waves. Consistency of Dark Energy Model with Observational Data , 2018
Dark Energy from Virtual Gravitons and Stochastic Gravitational Waves. Consistency of Dark Energy... more Dark Energy from Virtual Gravitons and Stochastic Gravitational Waves. Consistency of Dark Energy Model with Observational Data ( model vs. model) Leonid Marochnik and Daniel Usikov Department of Physics, East-West Space Science Center, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA Abstract. Assuming the cosmological constant is zero, the virtual gravitons and stochastic gravitational waves by themselves are capable to produce the de Sitter expansion of the early and late Universe (see references). The goal of this paper is to compare the GCDM model (where G stands for the dark energy from the virtual gravitons and stochastic gravitational waves) and the generally accepted model based on the hypothesis that the cause of dark energy is the cosmological constant. With initial conditions given near the surface of last scattering, the GCDM model is consistent with the observational data with the same accuracy as model. Also, the GCDM model naturally solves the “coincidence problem” (why dark energy appeared in the modern era, not earlier and not latter). In the frame of GCDM model, the coincidence takes place because the gravitons can create the de Sitter exponential expansion of the non-empty Universe only if the latter is filled with the matter with the equation of state p=0, i.e. with the contemporary matter.
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Papers by Leonid Marochnik
( model vs. model)
Leonid Marochnik and Daniel Usikov
Department of Physics, East-West Space Science Center, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
Abstract.
Assuming the cosmological constant is zero, the virtual gravitons and stochastic gravitational waves by themselves are capable to produce the de Sitter expansion of the early and late Universe (see references). The goal of this paper is to compare the GCDM model (where G stands for the dark energy from the virtual gravitons and stochastic gravitational waves) and the generally accepted model based on the hypothesis that the cause of dark energy is the cosmological constant. With initial conditions given near the surface of last scattering, the GCDM model is consistent with the observational data with the same accuracy as model. Also, the GCDM model naturally solves the “coincidence problem” (why dark energy appeared in the modern era, not earlier and not latter). In the frame of GCDM model, the coincidence takes place because the gravitons can create the de Sitter exponential expansion of the non-empty Universe only if the latter is filled with the matter with the equation of state p=0, i.e. with the contemporary matter.