Objective:Pregnant patients are vulnerable to both depression and sleep-disordered breathing (SDB... more Objective:Pregnant patients are vulnerable to both depression and sleep-disordered breathing (SDB), and both convey risks for maternal and fetal outcomes. Previous research has indicated that SDB is associated with depression, but further information related to the risk of depression based on timing of onset of snoring is needed.Design:When presenting to clinic for their initial prenatal visit, pregnant patients completed a packet of questionnaires, which included measures related to depression (Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale; EPDS) and snoring. Habitual snoring was defined as snoring three or more nights per week.Results:In total, 1367 women were included and 34.1% reported habitual snoring, either chronic (24.4%) or pregnancy-onset (9.8%), with increased frequency of pregnancy-onset habitual snoring in later stages of pregnancy. Unadjusted analyses suggested increased odds of depressive symptoms in chronic and pregnancy-onset habitual snoring groups relative to non-snorers (OR: 2.01, 95% CI: 1.39, 2.92, p<0.01; OR: 2.50, 95% CI: 1.54, 4.07, p<0.01, respectively). These findings were maintained after adjusting for maternal age, marital status, gestational age, and parity (chronic habitual snoring OR: 1.69, 95% CI: 1.14, 2.53, p<0.01; pregnancy-onset habitual snoring OR: 2.79, 95% CI: 1.35, 5.78, p<0.01)Conclusions:Maternal snoring may be a risk factor for prenatal depressive symptoms. Pregnancy-onset habitual snoring confers additional risk for depression compared to not snoring during pregnancy.
This paper describes a new approach for diagnosing anxiety and depression in young children. Curr... more This paper describes a new approach for diagnosing anxiety and depression in young children. Currently, diagnosis in this population requires hours of structured clinical interviews spread over days and weeks. In contrast, we propose the use of a 90-second fear induction task during which time participant motion is monitoring using a commercially available wearable sensor. Machine learning and data extracted from one 20-second phase of the task are used to predict diagnosis in a large sample of children with and without an internalizing diagnosis. We examine the performance of a variety of feature sets and model configurations to identify the best performing approach that provides a diagnostic accuracy of 75%. This accuracy is comparable to existing diagnostic techniques, but at a small fraction of the time and cost currently required. These results point toward the future use of this approach in a clinical setting for diagnosing children with internalizing disorders.
Journal of Developmental & Behavioral Pediatrics, 2021
ABSTRACT: Objective: The goal of this study was to test the impact of maternal adverse childhood ... more ABSTRACT: Objective: The goal of this study was to test the impact of maternal adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) on subsequent child language competence; higher parental ACEs were expected to predict risk of toddler language delay. Participation in Infant Mental Health Home Visiting (IMH-HV) treatment, which aims to enhance responsive caregiving and improve child social-emotional development, was expected to mitigate this association. Methods: A randomized controlled trial (RCT) design was used. ACEs data were collected at baseline. Child language screening (using the Preschool Language Scales Screening Test) was conducted 12 months later by masters-level evaluators who were blind to treatment condition. Visits occurred in participants' homes. Participants were community-recruited and were randomized to treatment (psychotherapeutic IMH-HV) or control (treatment as usual). Data come from 62 families who participated in all waves of an RCT testing the efficacy of IMH-HV; mother...
2018 40th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC), 2018
This paper presents a new approach for diagnosing anxiety and depression in young children. Curre... more This paper presents a new approach for diagnosing anxiety and depression in young children. Currently, diagnosis requires hours of structured clinical interviews and standardized questionnaires spread over days or weeks. We propose the use of a 90-second fear induction task during which time participant motion is monitoring using a commercially available wearable sensor. Machine learning and data extracted from the most clinically feasible 20-second phase of the task are used to predict diagnosis in a sample of children with and without an internalizing diagnosis. We examine the performance of a variety of feature sets and modeling approaches to identify the best performing logistic regression that provides a diagnostic accuracy of 80%. This accuracy is comparable to existing diagnostic techniques, but at a small fraction of the time and cost currently required. These results point toward the future use of this approach in a clinical setting for diagnosing children with internalizing disorders.
ABSTRACTThis study characterized the longitudinal evolution of HPA axis functioning from 7 to 16 ... more ABSTRACTThis study characterized the longitudinal evolution of HPA axis functioning from 7 to 16 months of age and identified individual and environmental factors that shape changes in HPA axis functioning over time. Participants were 167 mother–infant dyads drawn from a larger longitudinal study, recruited based on maternal history of being maltreated during childhood. Salivary cortisol levels were assessed before and after age‐appropriate psychosocial stressors when infants were 7 and 16 months old. Maternal observed parenting and maternal reports of infant and environmental characteristics were obtained at 7 months and evaluated as predictors of changes in infant baseline cortisol and reactivity from 7 to 16 months. Results revealed that infants did not show a cortisol response at 7 months, but reactivity to psychosocial stress emerged by 16 months. Individual differences in cortisol baseline and reactivity levels over time were related to infant sex and maternal overcontrolling ...
Objective:Pregnant patients are vulnerable to both depression and sleep-disordered breathing (SDB... more Objective:Pregnant patients are vulnerable to both depression and sleep-disordered breathing (SDB), and both convey risks for maternal and fetal outcomes. Previous research has indicated that SDB is associated with depression, but further information related to the risk of depression based on timing of onset of snoring is needed.Design:When presenting to clinic for their initial prenatal visit, pregnant patients completed a packet of questionnaires, which included measures related to depression (Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale; EPDS) and snoring. Habitual snoring was defined as snoring three or more nights per week.Results:In total, 1367 women were included and 34.1% reported habitual snoring, either chronic (24.4%) or pregnancy-onset (9.8%), with increased frequency of pregnancy-onset habitual snoring in later stages of pregnancy. Unadjusted analyses suggested increased odds of depressive symptoms in chronic and pregnancy-onset habitual snoring groups relative to non-snorers (OR: 2.01, 95% CI: 1.39, 2.92, p<0.01; OR: 2.50, 95% CI: 1.54, 4.07, p<0.01, respectively). These findings were maintained after adjusting for maternal age, marital status, gestational age, and parity (chronic habitual snoring OR: 1.69, 95% CI: 1.14, 2.53, p<0.01; pregnancy-onset habitual snoring OR: 2.79, 95% CI: 1.35, 5.78, p<0.01)Conclusions:Maternal snoring may be a risk factor for prenatal depressive symptoms. Pregnancy-onset habitual snoring confers additional risk for depression compared to not snoring during pregnancy.
This paper describes a new approach for diagnosing anxiety and depression in young children. Curr... more This paper describes a new approach for diagnosing anxiety and depression in young children. Currently, diagnosis in this population requires hours of structured clinical interviews spread over days and weeks. In contrast, we propose the use of a 90-second fear induction task during which time participant motion is monitoring using a commercially available wearable sensor. Machine learning and data extracted from one 20-second phase of the task are used to predict diagnosis in a large sample of children with and without an internalizing diagnosis. We examine the performance of a variety of feature sets and model configurations to identify the best performing approach that provides a diagnostic accuracy of 75%. This accuracy is comparable to existing diagnostic techniques, but at a small fraction of the time and cost currently required. These results point toward the future use of this approach in a clinical setting for diagnosing children with internalizing disorders.
Journal of Developmental & Behavioral Pediatrics, 2021
ABSTRACT: Objective: The goal of this study was to test the impact of maternal adverse childhood ... more ABSTRACT: Objective: The goal of this study was to test the impact of maternal adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) on subsequent child language competence; higher parental ACEs were expected to predict risk of toddler language delay. Participation in Infant Mental Health Home Visiting (IMH-HV) treatment, which aims to enhance responsive caregiving and improve child social-emotional development, was expected to mitigate this association. Methods: A randomized controlled trial (RCT) design was used. ACEs data were collected at baseline. Child language screening (using the Preschool Language Scales Screening Test) was conducted 12 months later by masters-level evaluators who were blind to treatment condition. Visits occurred in participants' homes. Participants were community-recruited and were randomized to treatment (psychotherapeutic IMH-HV) or control (treatment as usual). Data come from 62 families who participated in all waves of an RCT testing the efficacy of IMH-HV; mother...
2018 40th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC), 2018
This paper presents a new approach for diagnosing anxiety and depression in young children. Curre... more This paper presents a new approach for diagnosing anxiety and depression in young children. Currently, diagnosis requires hours of structured clinical interviews and standardized questionnaires spread over days or weeks. We propose the use of a 90-second fear induction task during which time participant motion is monitoring using a commercially available wearable sensor. Machine learning and data extracted from the most clinically feasible 20-second phase of the task are used to predict diagnosis in a sample of children with and without an internalizing diagnosis. We examine the performance of a variety of feature sets and modeling approaches to identify the best performing logistic regression that provides a diagnostic accuracy of 80%. This accuracy is comparable to existing diagnostic techniques, but at a small fraction of the time and cost currently required. These results point toward the future use of this approach in a clinical setting for diagnosing children with internalizing disorders.
ABSTRACTThis study characterized the longitudinal evolution of HPA axis functioning from 7 to 16 ... more ABSTRACTThis study characterized the longitudinal evolution of HPA axis functioning from 7 to 16 months of age and identified individual and environmental factors that shape changes in HPA axis functioning over time. Participants were 167 mother–infant dyads drawn from a larger longitudinal study, recruited based on maternal history of being maltreated during childhood. Salivary cortisol levels were assessed before and after age‐appropriate psychosocial stressors when infants were 7 and 16 months old. Maternal observed parenting and maternal reports of infant and environmental characteristics were obtained at 7 months and evaluated as predictors of changes in infant baseline cortisol and reactivity from 7 to 16 months. Results revealed that infants did not show a cortisol response at 7 months, but reactivity to psychosocial stress emerged by 16 months. Individual differences in cortisol baseline and reactivity levels over time were related to infant sex and maternal overcontrolling ...
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