This review article presents the usage of various animal bones such as chicken bone, fish bone, p... more This review article presents the usage of various animal bones such as chicken bone, fish bone, pig bone, camel bone, and cow bone as reliable biosorbent materials to remove heavy metals contained in contaminated water and wastewater. The sources and toxicity effects of heavy metal ions are also discussed properly. Then specific insights related to adsorption process and its influential factors along with the proven potentiality of selected biosorbents especially derived from animal bone are also explained. As the biosorbents are rich in particular organic and inorganic compounds and functional groups in nature, they play an important role in heavy metal removal from contaminated solutions. Overall, after conducting study reports on the literature, a brief conclusion can be drawn that animal bone waste has satisfactory efficacy as effective, efficient, and environmentally friendly sorbent material.
Perkembangan sektor industri yang sangat pesat tidak hanya memberikan sisi positif terhadap perke... more Perkembangan sektor industri yang sangat pesat tidak hanya memberikan sisi positif terhadap perkembangan perekonomian, kemajuan sosial serta teknologi bagi masyarakat, namun juga hasil samping berupa berbagai limbah termasuk limbah cair yang pada umumnya masih mengandung sejumlah partikel polutan yang berbahaya bagi kesehatan manusia dan kelestarian lingkungan serta ekosistem. Dengan demikian, teknologi pengolahan yang tepat harus diberikan sebagai perlakuan pada limbah sebelum dialirkan ke tempat pembuangan akhir. Filtrasi membran, adsorpsi, proses oksidasi, koagulasi, flokulasi, dan pemanfaatan mikroorganisme secara biologi adalah beberapa contoh teknologi yang dapat diterapkan untuk meningkatkan kualitas air limbah. Sebagaimana yang dibahas didalam artikel ini sehingga dapat memberikan gambaran ringkas mengenai beberapa teknologi yang tersedia dan dapat diapikasikan pada limbah cair hasil proses industri.
A polyvinylidene fluoride-based mixed matrix membrane (PVDF- MMM) has been developed to treat pal... more A polyvinylidene fluoride-based mixed matrix membrane (PVDF- MMM) has been developed to treat palm oil mill effluent (POME). The addition of TiO2 into PVDF membrane was conducted. Hollow fibers were spun from a dope solution containing PVDF/PVP 30K/DMAc/additives by using a dry-jet wet spinning process at different air gaps. AFM image demonstrated that wet spun hollow fiber had a rougher outer surface than that of dry-jet wet spun fibers and exhibited symmetric cross-section structure. Experimental results showed that hydrophilicity of membranes increased with adding of TiO2 particles and the varied air gap length influenced the characteristic of membrane pore size and outer membrane surface roughness. In addition, aeration could increase the turbulence and flux and reduce membrane fouling. The values of flux and suspended solids removal were 92.04 L/m2.hr and 94.86 %, respectively, with the varied aeration flow rate of 2.0, 3.0 and 4.0 mL/min and bubble size distribution of 4.0 µm....
This review article presents the usage of various animal bones such as chicken bone, fish bone, p... more This review article presents the usage of various animal bones such as chicken bone, fish bone, pig bone, camel bone, and cow bone as reliable biosorbent materials to remove heavy metals contained in contaminated water and wastewater. The sources and toxicity effects of heavy metal ions are also discussed properly. Then specific insights related to adsorption process and its influential factors along with the proven potentiality of selected biosorbents especially derived from animal bone are also explained. As the biosorbents are rich in particular organic and inorganic compounds and functional groups in nature, they play an important role in heavy metal removal from contaminated solutions. Overall, after conducting study reports on the literature, a brief conclusion can be drawn that animal bone waste has satisfactory efficacy as effective, efficient, and environmentally friendly sorbent material.
Perkembangan sektor industri yang sangat pesat tidak hanya memberikan sisi positif terhadap perke... more Perkembangan sektor industri yang sangat pesat tidak hanya memberikan sisi positif terhadap perkembangan perekonomian, kemajuan sosial serta teknologi bagi masyarakat, namun juga hasil samping berupa berbagai limbah termasuk limbah cair yang pada umumnya masih mengandung sejumlah partikel polutan yang berbahaya bagi kesehatan manusia dan kelestarian lingkungan serta ekosistem. Dengan demikian, teknologi pengolahan yang tepat harus diberikan sebagai perlakuan pada limbah sebelum dialirkan ke tempat pembuangan akhir. Filtrasi membran, adsorpsi, proses oksidasi, koagulasi, flokulasi, dan pemanfaatan mikroorganisme secara biologi adalah beberapa contoh teknologi yang dapat diterapkan untuk meningkatkan kualitas air limbah. Sebagaimana yang dibahas didalam artikel ini sehingga dapat memberikan gambaran ringkas mengenai beberapa teknologi yang tersedia dan dapat diapikasikan pada limbah cair hasil proses industri.
A polyvinylidene fluoride-based mixed matrix membrane (PVDF- MMM) has been developed to treat pal... more A polyvinylidene fluoride-based mixed matrix membrane (PVDF- MMM) has been developed to treat palm oil mill effluent (POME). The addition of TiO2 into PVDF membrane was conducted. Hollow fibers were spun from a dope solution containing PVDF/PVP 30K/DMAc/additives by using a dry-jet wet spinning process at different air gaps. AFM image demonstrated that wet spun hollow fiber had a rougher outer surface than that of dry-jet wet spun fibers and exhibited symmetric cross-section structure. Experimental results showed that hydrophilicity of membranes increased with adding of TiO2 particles and the varied air gap length influenced the characteristic of membrane pore size and outer membrane surface roughness. In addition, aeration could increase the turbulence and flux and reduce membrane fouling. The values of flux and suspended solids removal were 92.04 L/m2.hr and 94.86 %, respectively, with the varied aeration flow rate of 2.0, 3.0 and 4.0 mL/min and bubble size distribution of 4.0 µm....
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