Consumption of legumes has been shown to enhance health and lower the risk of cardiovascular dise... more Consumption of legumes has been shown to enhance health and lower the risk of cardiovascular disease and specific types of cancer. ACE inhibitors, antioxidants, and synthetic anti-inflammatories are widely used today; however, they have several undesirable side effects. Thus, researchers have focused on finding ACE inhibitors, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory peptides from natural sources, such as legumes. Recently, in vitro and in vivo research has shown the bioactive peptides generated from legume protein hydrolysates, such as antioxidant, anti-hypertensive, anticancer, anti-proliferative, anti-inflammatory, etc., in the context of different disease mitigation. Therefore, this review aims to describe the recent advances in in vitro and in vivo studies of antioxidant, anti-hypertensive and anti-inflammatory peptides isolated from legume-derived protein hydrolysates. The results indicated that antioxidant legumes peptides are characterized by short-chain sequence amino acids and p...
The present study aimed to perform an in silico evaluation of edible bird’s nest protein as poten... more The present study aimed to perform an in silico evaluation of edible bird’s nest protein as potential precursors of bioactive peptides, as well as to determine whether such peptides can be released by selected proteolytic enzymes. Six edible bird’s nest (EBN) protein sequences from a previous study were chosen as potential precursors to produce bioactive peptides via in silico method using the BIOPEP database. AMCase protein sequences gave the highest number of bioactivities (16 to 18) and nucleobindin-2 protein gave the lowest number of bioactivities (9) among the other protein sequences. It was found that the most potential bioactive peptides from EBN proteins are angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors and dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPPIV) inhibitors. Furthermore, in silico proteolysis using six selected enzymes was employed to release both dominant bioactivities in EBN proteins, which were ACE and DPP-IV inhibitors. This study shows that a combination of enzymes, chymotryps...
Copper is extensively released into the environment, affecting the natural habitat of surrounding... more Copper is extensively released into the environment, affecting the natural habitat of surrounding organisms especially the aquatic life. The aim of this study is to explore the different protein expressions on different concentrations of CuSO4. Puntius javanicus liver was used as a tool to investigate the biomarkers and mechanisms of copper toxicity to P. javanicus through proteomic assessment after being exposed with different concentrations of CuSO4 (0, 0.1, 0.3, 0.5, 1.0 and 5.0 mg/L). P. javanicus liver was extracted (TCA-acetone extraction) and electrophoresed (IEF and 2D PAGE). Ten protein spots were found to be significantly different in their expression and subsequently identified via matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization tandem time-of-flight (MALDITOF). Three protein spots were further identified as new alternative biomarkers for copper toxicity namely, zinc finger C4H2 domain-containing protein, insulin gene enhancer protein isl-2a and synaptic vesicle membrane prot...
Blood cockles (Anadara granosa) are the natural inhabitants of the marine environment that were h... more Blood cockles (Anadara granosa) are the natural inhabitants of the marine environment that were harvested from the seawater and can be contaminated with the Vibrio species bacteria as well as Vibrio parahaemolyticus. V. parahaemolyticus is one of the major seafood-borne disease that leads to human acute gastroenteritis due to consumption of raw or undercooked seafood. Peeled blood cockles from five different supermarkets around Kuala Terengganu were sampled. A total of thirty samples of peeled blood cockles were obtained and the V. parahaemolyticus were identified. Eleven out of thirty of the samples acquired were positive with V. parahaemolyticus when streaked on selected agar (TCBS and CHROMagar Vibrio) which then confirmed by biochemical test (API 20E strips test) and specific-PCR method (Vp-toxR genes). Eleven V. parahaemolyticus isolates were tested for susceptibility to various antibiotics using the disk diffusion method according to guidelines set by the National Committee fo...
Fabricated beef was known as a famous ingredient among the community in Kuala Terengganu and ther... more Fabricated beef was known as a famous ingredient among the community in Kuala Terengganu and there was a few characteristic were chosen when purchasing it. This research is aimed to study consumers’ food choice motives, overall attitude and purchase intention toward fabricating beef meat. The consumer should know the consequences when consumes meat with lack of quality such as the high amount of fat content, non-desired sensory appeal, unknown origin and cost value of the meat plus the consumer also able to identify the part of fabricated beef that give different tenderness to the meat. Less information leads to the difficulty in choosing the best quality of beef in the marketplace. Random sampling and convenience sampling techniques were employed in this survey. Data was collected from 150 respondents through survey. The outcome demonstrates that most of the consumers suffered a positive perception towards food choice motives for fabricating beef. Overall attitudes of consumers p...
Spent coffee ground (SCG) produced in tons by restaurants and cafeterias and domestic consumers i... more Spent coffee ground (SCG) produced in tons by restaurants and cafeterias and domestic consumers is a potentially good source of natural antioxidants because it contains substantial amounts of bioactive compounds. The purpose of this study was to identify the physicochemical and antioxidant properties of three different types of spent coffee ground (SCG), namely Robusta, Arabica and Liberica extracted using ultra-sonicmethanol assisted technique. DPPH, FTC, TBA, total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) were used to measure the antioxidant properties. Robusta SCG exhibited the highest DPPH inhibition 41.63±0.04%), FTC (60.42±0.03%) and TBA analysis (73.09±0.08%). The total phenolic compounds in the samples varied widely ranging from 18.94±0.06 to 26.23±0.86 mg GAE/g sample, with Robusta SCG showing the highest value among the three, while Arabica SCG depicted the highest amount total flavonoid content (47.62±0.05 to 56.20±0.08). A strong correlation between antio...
Date fruits are well known to be very nutritious. Nevertheless, the protein contents of the fruit... more Date fruits are well known to be very nutritious. Nevertheless, the protein contents of the fruit, particularly the seed and flesh, are still understudied, largely due to their difficult physical characteristics. This study was conducted to compare three different protein extraction methods which were the trichloroacetic acid (TCA)-acetone (TCA-A), phenol (Phe), and TCA-acetone-phenol (TCA-A-Phe), and to perform proteomic analysis on date palm seed and flesh. Phe extraction method showed the highest protein yields for both seed (8.26 mg/g) and flesh (1.57 mg/g). Through sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, Phe, and TCA-A-Phe extraction methods were shown to be efficient in removing interfering compounds and gave well-resolved bands over a wide range of molecular weights. Following liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analysis, about 50-64% of extracted proteins were identified with known functions including those involved in glycolysis, Krebs cycle, defense, and storage. Phe protein extraction method was proven to be the optimal method for date flesh and seed.
Putu piring is one of the popular local Malay snacks. It is called putu piring because it is made... more Putu piring is one of the popular local Malay snacks. It is called putu piring because it is made of ground rice flour, it is shaped by conical molds into circular mounds. However, the putu piring was not meet the satisfaction in nutritional value content, which is a main ingredient of putu piring rice flour is low in fiber and no research occurred on development of putu piring by using oat powder (OP) and corn cob powder (CCP) as functional ingredients. Nowadays, the food industry is investing a great deal of effort in increasing the usage of oat as ingredient for formulating novel food products. Therefore, our local traditional food products also need to be improved and follow the market trend (Muhammad et al., 2017).
This study focused on the effect of the combination effect of semi-refined carrageenan and potass... more This study focused on the effect of the combination effect of semi-refined carrageenan and potassium chloride on the instant grass jelly formulation. As in the traditional method of grass jelly production, the cornstarch was added to the grass jelly extract to give the gelling texture of grass jelly. Semi-refined carrageenan was added to replace the starch and the physicochemical characteristics and nutrient composition of the product was evaluated. The cincau leaves was boiled in a certain volume of water and the extraction was then converted to powder form via spray dryer. A pre-study has been conducted in determining the best method to produce grass jelly extract which based on the result of production yield, as well as conducted the physic-chemical tests. The finding showed that the extraction of 125g dried leaves of cincau with 4.5 L of water which boiled for 2.5 hours was the best extraction recovery with 75.92 percent. As a conclusion, SRC can be used as a starch replacer in ...
In this study proximate compositions and total phenolic contents in extracts of 15 seaweeds from ... more In this study proximate compositions and total phenolic contents in extracts of 15 seaweeds from Semporna, Sabah, were determined. In general, results of proximate analysis for all seaweeds showed that moisture content (75.95-96.03%) was the most abundant in seaweed, followed by carbohydrate (26.86 - 74.10% dry weight basis), crude fiber (4.03 - 34.71% dry weight), and ash (6.05 - 45.04% dry weight), crude protein (5.22 - 17.28% dry weight), and crude fat content (0.15 - 0.84% dry weight). The total phenolic contents were determined using Folin-Ciocalteu reagent method based on the standard calibration curve of phloroglucinol measured at 740 nm using UV-Visible Spectrometer (Perkin Elmer). Overall, the total phenolic contents for all seaweeds of methanolic extract were between 9.40 - 51.87 mg/g phloroglucinol equivalents (PGE) of dried sample. The results of the present study showed significant differences (p<0.05) in proximate compositions and total phenolic contents among sever...
The present study was carried out to examine the proteome profile of selected seaweed species fro... more The present study was carried out to examine the proteome profile of selected seaweed species from Sabah waters to explore their nutritional properties. Moisture content was a major component in seaweed followed by carbohydrate, mineral, and protein. The results showed significant differences (p<O.05) in proximate compositions and total phenolic contents among several species of red, green and brown seaweeds. Studies showed that red seaweed higher in carbohydrate (63 to 74 % dry weight) and protein (6 to 15 % dry weight) content. Brown seaweed higher in mineral (22 to 45 % dry weight) and fibre (21 to 45 % dry weight) content. Meanwhile, green seaweed higher in total phenolic content (48 to 52 mg PGE/g dry weight sample). Using caulerpa lentillifera, four different protocols for protein extraction were evaluated, namely: (i) no protein precipitation with fractionation; (ii) Trichloroacetic acid (TCA)-acetone precipitation; (iii) TCA-acetone precipitation with fractionation; and (...
Observations on the effects of copper on the liver proteome of Puntius javanicus based on the one... more Observations on the effects of copper on the liver proteome of Puntius javanicus based on the one dimensional PAGE was carried out. The liver was dissected from each fish, which was separately treated with different concentrations of copper sulfate ranging from 0.1 to 5.0 mg/L. The livers were extracted and one dimensional PAGE was performed under nonreducing (native) and reducing (SDS)-PAGE. Several bands were resolved in the native PAGE with probable candidates for the effect of copper observed showing an increased in the expression and down regulation strongly associated with increasing copper concentrations. This study showed that high concentrations of copper significantly alters P. Javanicus liver at the proteome level, and preliminary screening based on one dimensional PAGE is considered rapid and simple to assess the toxicity effect of copper before more advanced and extensive assessment with a second dimensional PAGE is carried out.
The aim of this study was to compare the various staining methods based on commassie briliant blu... more The aim of this study was to compare the various staining methods based on commassie briliant blue and silver nitrate stain for the two dimensional gel electrophoresis resolved with Puntius javanicus liver proteome. The staining methods were selected base on the previous report about their compatibility with the mass spectrometry analysis. Silver staining method is known as the most sensitive method to visualize the maximum number of protein spots resolved in 2D gel but it is less sensitive(incompatible) toward mass spectrometry detection. Results of this study showed that a modified staining method using colloidal coomassie blue G-250 (CCB) is roughly similarly sensitive but lower protein spot detected compared with silver staining (SS) as indicated at the number of 303±26 and 693±14of protein resolved in both types of stained gels. The conventional methods of staining using commassie brilliant blue G-250 and R-250 only detected less number of protein spots(128±17and 78±11, respect...
Bread is commonly used mostly around the world which obtained from grains, legumes, tubers and ot... more Bread is commonly used mostly around the world which obtained from grains, legumes, tubers and other fortified ingredients. Eggshell makes up from 9-12% of the total egg weight that consists largely of calcium carbonate (94%) with some magnesium carbonate and calcium phosphate deposited in the organic matrix. The objectives of this study were to produce white bread fortified with calcium derived from the eggshell powder and to study the physicochemical changes, microbiological status and sensory evaluation of the product. The main analyses were done on specific volume, texture, colour, proximate analysis, calcium determination by ICP-MS and microbiological test for the determination of shelf life. Besides, acceptance test was also carried out. The result showed that increasing of the eggshell did not have any effect on the specific volume, springiness, cohesiveness and colour but affect the hardness of the bread. Furthermore, addition of the eggshell significantly increased (p<0....
The population of horseshoe crabs, Tachypleus gigas, in Malaysian waters is declining due to over... more The population of horseshoe crabs, Tachypleus gigas, in Malaysian waters is declining due to overexploitation, pollution, and loss of natural habitats. As an initiative to increase their population, adult T. gigas were reintroduced in Setiu lagoon, Terengganu. In the interest of sustainable management of bivalve resources in that area, feeding experiments were carried out to determine quantity consumption and feeding preferences of adult T. gigas in captivity on four species of economically important bivalves from Setiu namely Scapharca cornea, Meretrix meretrix, Geloina expansa and Magallana bilineata. Tachypleus gigas consumed less than a single intact bivalve per day and the amount increased to almost twice when fed with bivalve flesh. Females T. gigas showed a preference for intact M. meretrix, whereas males showed preference for M. bilineata and M. meretrix when fed with flesh only. Our findings suggest that T. gigas may not prey upon live adult bivalves in Setiu as they only s...
Ultrasonic spray drier technology has been practice because of its numerous advantages, including... more Ultrasonic spray drier technology has been practice because of its numerous advantages, including providing more uniform droplets and reducing bioactive compounds damages. This study was aimed to measure the antioxidant properties of several microencapsulated plants powder (MPP) prepared using ultrasonic spray dying technique. The plant samples were treated using ultrasonic spray drier at 80°C inlet temperatures and 10% of gum Arabic relative to solid content. The collected MPP were analysed for their antioxidant activities. The plants use in this study were C. ternatea, M. indica, S. rebaudiana, P. macrocarpa, K. salvarezii and R. apiculata, All MPP showed somewhat very promising high antioxidative activities with C. ternatea significantly exhibited the highest (P<0.05) antioxidant power in nearly all antioxidative test analysis performed. On the other hand, M. indica showed the least ability in antioxidant power and the content of bioactive compounds. Results of the study point...
Consumption of legumes has been shown to enhance health and lower the risk of cardiovascular dise... more Consumption of legumes has been shown to enhance health and lower the risk of cardiovascular disease and specific types of cancer. ACE inhibitors, antioxidants, and synthetic anti-inflammatories are widely used today; however, they have several undesirable side effects. Thus, researchers have focused on finding ACE inhibitors, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory peptides from natural sources, such as legumes. Recently, in vitro and in vivo research has shown the bioactive peptides generated from legume protein hydrolysates, such as antioxidant, anti-hypertensive, anticancer, anti-proliferative, anti-inflammatory, etc., in the context of different disease mitigation. Therefore, this review aims to describe the recent advances in in vitro and in vivo studies of antioxidant, anti-hypertensive and anti-inflammatory peptides isolated from legume-derived protein hydrolysates. The results indicated that antioxidant legumes peptides are characterized by short-chain sequence amino acids and p...
The present study aimed to perform an in silico evaluation of edible bird’s nest protein as poten... more The present study aimed to perform an in silico evaluation of edible bird’s nest protein as potential precursors of bioactive peptides, as well as to determine whether such peptides can be released by selected proteolytic enzymes. Six edible bird’s nest (EBN) protein sequences from a previous study were chosen as potential precursors to produce bioactive peptides via in silico method using the BIOPEP database. AMCase protein sequences gave the highest number of bioactivities (16 to 18) and nucleobindin-2 protein gave the lowest number of bioactivities (9) among the other protein sequences. It was found that the most potential bioactive peptides from EBN proteins are angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors and dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPPIV) inhibitors. Furthermore, in silico proteolysis using six selected enzymes was employed to release both dominant bioactivities in EBN proteins, which were ACE and DPP-IV inhibitors. This study shows that a combination of enzymes, chymotryps...
Copper is extensively released into the environment, affecting the natural habitat of surrounding... more Copper is extensively released into the environment, affecting the natural habitat of surrounding organisms especially the aquatic life. The aim of this study is to explore the different protein expressions on different concentrations of CuSO4. Puntius javanicus liver was used as a tool to investigate the biomarkers and mechanisms of copper toxicity to P. javanicus through proteomic assessment after being exposed with different concentrations of CuSO4 (0, 0.1, 0.3, 0.5, 1.0 and 5.0 mg/L). P. javanicus liver was extracted (TCA-acetone extraction) and electrophoresed (IEF and 2D PAGE). Ten protein spots were found to be significantly different in their expression and subsequently identified via matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization tandem time-of-flight (MALDITOF). Three protein spots were further identified as new alternative biomarkers for copper toxicity namely, zinc finger C4H2 domain-containing protein, insulin gene enhancer protein isl-2a and synaptic vesicle membrane prot...
Blood cockles (Anadara granosa) are the natural inhabitants of the marine environment that were h... more Blood cockles (Anadara granosa) are the natural inhabitants of the marine environment that were harvested from the seawater and can be contaminated with the Vibrio species bacteria as well as Vibrio parahaemolyticus. V. parahaemolyticus is one of the major seafood-borne disease that leads to human acute gastroenteritis due to consumption of raw or undercooked seafood. Peeled blood cockles from five different supermarkets around Kuala Terengganu were sampled. A total of thirty samples of peeled blood cockles were obtained and the V. parahaemolyticus were identified. Eleven out of thirty of the samples acquired were positive with V. parahaemolyticus when streaked on selected agar (TCBS and CHROMagar Vibrio) which then confirmed by biochemical test (API 20E strips test) and specific-PCR method (Vp-toxR genes). Eleven V. parahaemolyticus isolates were tested for susceptibility to various antibiotics using the disk diffusion method according to guidelines set by the National Committee fo...
Fabricated beef was known as a famous ingredient among the community in Kuala Terengganu and ther... more Fabricated beef was known as a famous ingredient among the community in Kuala Terengganu and there was a few characteristic were chosen when purchasing it. This research is aimed to study consumers’ food choice motives, overall attitude and purchase intention toward fabricating beef meat. The consumer should know the consequences when consumes meat with lack of quality such as the high amount of fat content, non-desired sensory appeal, unknown origin and cost value of the meat plus the consumer also able to identify the part of fabricated beef that give different tenderness to the meat. Less information leads to the difficulty in choosing the best quality of beef in the marketplace. Random sampling and convenience sampling techniques were employed in this survey. Data was collected from 150 respondents through survey. The outcome demonstrates that most of the consumers suffered a positive perception towards food choice motives for fabricating beef. Overall attitudes of consumers p...
Spent coffee ground (SCG) produced in tons by restaurants and cafeterias and domestic consumers i... more Spent coffee ground (SCG) produced in tons by restaurants and cafeterias and domestic consumers is a potentially good source of natural antioxidants because it contains substantial amounts of bioactive compounds. The purpose of this study was to identify the physicochemical and antioxidant properties of three different types of spent coffee ground (SCG), namely Robusta, Arabica and Liberica extracted using ultra-sonicmethanol assisted technique. DPPH, FTC, TBA, total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) were used to measure the antioxidant properties. Robusta SCG exhibited the highest DPPH inhibition 41.63±0.04%), FTC (60.42±0.03%) and TBA analysis (73.09±0.08%). The total phenolic compounds in the samples varied widely ranging from 18.94±0.06 to 26.23±0.86 mg GAE/g sample, with Robusta SCG showing the highest value among the three, while Arabica SCG depicted the highest amount total flavonoid content (47.62±0.05 to 56.20±0.08). A strong correlation between antio...
Date fruits are well known to be very nutritious. Nevertheless, the protein contents of the fruit... more Date fruits are well known to be very nutritious. Nevertheless, the protein contents of the fruit, particularly the seed and flesh, are still understudied, largely due to their difficult physical characteristics. This study was conducted to compare three different protein extraction methods which were the trichloroacetic acid (TCA)-acetone (TCA-A), phenol (Phe), and TCA-acetone-phenol (TCA-A-Phe), and to perform proteomic analysis on date palm seed and flesh. Phe extraction method showed the highest protein yields for both seed (8.26 mg/g) and flesh (1.57 mg/g). Through sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, Phe, and TCA-A-Phe extraction methods were shown to be efficient in removing interfering compounds and gave well-resolved bands over a wide range of molecular weights. Following liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analysis, about 50-64% of extracted proteins were identified with known functions including those involved in glycolysis, Krebs cycle, defense, and storage. Phe protein extraction method was proven to be the optimal method for date flesh and seed.
Putu piring is one of the popular local Malay snacks. It is called putu piring because it is made... more Putu piring is one of the popular local Malay snacks. It is called putu piring because it is made of ground rice flour, it is shaped by conical molds into circular mounds. However, the putu piring was not meet the satisfaction in nutritional value content, which is a main ingredient of putu piring rice flour is low in fiber and no research occurred on development of putu piring by using oat powder (OP) and corn cob powder (CCP) as functional ingredients. Nowadays, the food industry is investing a great deal of effort in increasing the usage of oat as ingredient for formulating novel food products. Therefore, our local traditional food products also need to be improved and follow the market trend (Muhammad et al., 2017).
This study focused on the effect of the combination effect of semi-refined carrageenan and potass... more This study focused on the effect of the combination effect of semi-refined carrageenan and potassium chloride on the instant grass jelly formulation. As in the traditional method of grass jelly production, the cornstarch was added to the grass jelly extract to give the gelling texture of grass jelly. Semi-refined carrageenan was added to replace the starch and the physicochemical characteristics and nutrient composition of the product was evaluated. The cincau leaves was boiled in a certain volume of water and the extraction was then converted to powder form via spray dryer. A pre-study has been conducted in determining the best method to produce grass jelly extract which based on the result of production yield, as well as conducted the physic-chemical tests. The finding showed that the extraction of 125g dried leaves of cincau with 4.5 L of water which boiled for 2.5 hours was the best extraction recovery with 75.92 percent. As a conclusion, SRC can be used as a starch replacer in ...
In this study proximate compositions and total phenolic contents in extracts of 15 seaweeds from ... more In this study proximate compositions and total phenolic contents in extracts of 15 seaweeds from Semporna, Sabah, were determined. In general, results of proximate analysis for all seaweeds showed that moisture content (75.95-96.03%) was the most abundant in seaweed, followed by carbohydrate (26.86 - 74.10% dry weight basis), crude fiber (4.03 - 34.71% dry weight), and ash (6.05 - 45.04% dry weight), crude protein (5.22 - 17.28% dry weight), and crude fat content (0.15 - 0.84% dry weight). The total phenolic contents were determined using Folin-Ciocalteu reagent method based on the standard calibration curve of phloroglucinol measured at 740 nm using UV-Visible Spectrometer (Perkin Elmer). Overall, the total phenolic contents for all seaweeds of methanolic extract were between 9.40 - 51.87 mg/g phloroglucinol equivalents (PGE) of dried sample. The results of the present study showed significant differences (p<0.05) in proximate compositions and total phenolic contents among sever...
The present study was carried out to examine the proteome profile of selected seaweed species fro... more The present study was carried out to examine the proteome profile of selected seaweed species from Sabah waters to explore their nutritional properties. Moisture content was a major component in seaweed followed by carbohydrate, mineral, and protein. The results showed significant differences (p<O.05) in proximate compositions and total phenolic contents among several species of red, green and brown seaweeds. Studies showed that red seaweed higher in carbohydrate (63 to 74 % dry weight) and protein (6 to 15 % dry weight) content. Brown seaweed higher in mineral (22 to 45 % dry weight) and fibre (21 to 45 % dry weight) content. Meanwhile, green seaweed higher in total phenolic content (48 to 52 mg PGE/g dry weight sample). Using caulerpa lentillifera, four different protocols for protein extraction were evaluated, namely: (i) no protein precipitation with fractionation; (ii) Trichloroacetic acid (TCA)-acetone precipitation; (iii) TCA-acetone precipitation with fractionation; and (...
Observations on the effects of copper on the liver proteome of Puntius javanicus based on the one... more Observations on the effects of copper on the liver proteome of Puntius javanicus based on the one dimensional PAGE was carried out. The liver was dissected from each fish, which was separately treated with different concentrations of copper sulfate ranging from 0.1 to 5.0 mg/L. The livers were extracted and one dimensional PAGE was performed under nonreducing (native) and reducing (SDS)-PAGE. Several bands were resolved in the native PAGE with probable candidates for the effect of copper observed showing an increased in the expression and down regulation strongly associated with increasing copper concentrations. This study showed that high concentrations of copper significantly alters P. Javanicus liver at the proteome level, and preliminary screening based on one dimensional PAGE is considered rapid and simple to assess the toxicity effect of copper before more advanced and extensive assessment with a second dimensional PAGE is carried out.
The aim of this study was to compare the various staining methods based on commassie briliant blu... more The aim of this study was to compare the various staining methods based on commassie briliant blue and silver nitrate stain for the two dimensional gel electrophoresis resolved with Puntius javanicus liver proteome. The staining methods were selected base on the previous report about their compatibility with the mass spectrometry analysis. Silver staining method is known as the most sensitive method to visualize the maximum number of protein spots resolved in 2D gel but it is less sensitive(incompatible) toward mass spectrometry detection. Results of this study showed that a modified staining method using colloidal coomassie blue G-250 (CCB) is roughly similarly sensitive but lower protein spot detected compared with silver staining (SS) as indicated at the number of 303±26 and 693±14of protein resolved in both types of stained gels. The conventional methods of staining using commassie brilliant blue G-250 and R-250 only detected less number of protein spots(128±17and 78±11, respect...
Bread is commonly used mostly around the world which obtained from grains, legumes, tubers and ot... more Bread is commonly used mostly around the world which obtained from grains, legumes, tubers and other fortified ingredients. Eggshell makes up from 9-12% of the total egg weight that consists largely of calcium carbonate (94%) with some magnesium carbonate and calcium phosphate deposited in the organic matrix. The objectives of this study were to produce white bread fortified with calcium derived from the eggshell powder and to study the physicochemical changes, microbiological status and sensory evaluation of the product. The main analyses were done on specific volume, texture, colour, proximate analysis, calcium determination by ICP-MS and microbiological test for the determination of shelf life. Besides, acceptance test was also carried out. The result showed that increasing of the eggshell did not have any effect on the specific volume, springiness, cohesiveness and colour but affect the hardness of the bread. Furthermore, addition of the eggshell significantly increased (p<0....
The population of horseshoe crabs, Tachypleus gigas, in Malaysian waters is declining due to over... more The population of horseshoe crabs, Tachypleus gigas, in Malaysian waters is declining due to overexploitation, pollution, and loss of natural habitats. As an initiative to increase their population, adult T. gigas were reintroduced in Setiu lagoon, Terengganu. In the interest of sustainable management of bivalve resources in that area, feeding experiments were carried out to determine quantity consumption and feeding preferences of adult T. gigas in captivity on four species of economically important bivalves from Setiu namely Scapharca cornea, Meretrix meretrix, Geloina expansa and Magallana bilineata. Tachypleus gigas consumed less than a single intact bivalve per day and the amount increased to almost twice when fed with bivalve flesh. Females T. gigas showed a preference for intact M. meretrix, whereas males showed preference for M. bilineata and M. meretrix when fed with flesh only. Our findings suggest that T. gigas may not prey upon live adult bivalves in Setiu as they only s...
Ultrasonic spray drier technology has been practice because of its numerous advantages, including... more Ultrasonic spray drier technology has been practice because of its numerous advantages, including providing more uniform droplets and reducing bioactive compounds damages. This study was aimed to measure the antioxidant properties of several microencapsulated plants powder (MPP) prepared using ultrasonic spray dying technique. The plant samples were treated using ultrasonic spray drier at 80°C inlet temperatures and 10% of gum Arabic relative to solid content. The collected MPP were analysed for their antioxidant activities. The plants use in this study were C. ternatea, M. indica, S. rebaudiana, P. macrocarpa, K. salvarezii and R. apiculata, All MPP showed somewhat very promising high antioxidative activities with C. ternatea significantly exhibited the highest (P<0.05) antioxidant power in nearly all antioxidative test analysis performed. On the other hand, M. indica showed the least ability in antioxidant power and the content of bioactive compounds. Results of the study point...
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