Videos by Mario Coca Morante
En los últimos 20 años, la producción de trigo en Bolivia ha experimentado un cambio. Tradicional... more En los últimos 20 años, la producción de trigo en Bolivia ha experimentado un cambio. Tradicionalmente, se cultivaba en los valles inter andinos (2000-2500 msnm), pero, en la actualidad se cultiva en la región oriental amazónica de Bolivia (250-350 msnm). Sin embargo, en algunas zonas tradicionales, los rendimientos son aceptables y tienen algunas limitaciones técnicas para mejorar la producción.
In the last 20 years, wheat production undergone a change in Bolivia. Traditionally, it was grown in the inter-Andean valleys (2,000-2,500 masl), but, currently grown in the eastern Amazon region (250-350 masl). However, in some traditional areas, as in Totora microregion, yields are acceptable and have some technical limitations to improve production. 1 views
Papers by Mario Coca Morante
Agricultural research & technology, Feb 23, 2024
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Academia Biology, Sep 6, 2023
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Agri Res& Tech: Open Access J. , 2024
The cultivation of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in the lowland tropics of Santa Cruz department i... more The cultivation of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in the lowland tropics of Santa Cruz department in Bolivia is recent. Leaf spots diseases are an important yield-reducing factor. Since 1996, Pyricularia blast wheat is the most destructive disease in tropical regions producing wheat. In 2023, sampling was carried out in different locations in the East (Cuatro cañadas) and North (Okinawa1, Okinawa2) production wheat of Santa Cruz. Leaf, sheath and glumes simples were analyzed under microscopy and were estimated incidence. Two Cercospora species, C. oryzae and C. sorghi, were recorded associated with the leaf spots of 'Motacu' variety and these leaf spots seem to be prevalent and widely distributed in the production wheat áreas in the lowland tropics of Santa Cruz, Bolivia.
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Fitopatología, 2008
In Bolivia, the assessment of potato diseases was the main objective of the potato improvement. H... more In Bolivia, the assessment of potato diseases was the main objective of the potato improvement. However, the bacterial diseases were studied from 1979. The objective of the present research was to carry out an up-to-date review about the current state affecting potato bacterial diseases in Bolivia. The first reports of bacterial diseases (1979) indicate that the distribution of Pectobacterium carotovorum (Pcc) and Pectobacterium atrosepticum (Pca) in traditional areas of potato production is causing the black leg. In 1982, it is evidenced that seemingly healthy tubers coming from different departments of Bolivia (Valley, Altiplano and highlands), P. carotovorum is the causal agent of the soft rot. In 1983, by field symptoms and basic tests of laboratory and of seemingly healthy tubers coming from Valle Grande (1700-2010 m.a.s.l.), it is evidenced that the brown rot is caused by Ralstonia solanacearum. 1995-2000 studies show that the bacterial wilt has bigger distribution and incidence in highlands and valley zones. High levels of R. solanacearum were detected from latent infection seed tubers produced in highland areas. It is suspected the presence of Clavibacter michiganensis subsp sepedonicusin tubers with ring rot symptoms. It is considered that certain relationship among the introduction to Bolivia of tuberosum and hybrid varieties and seed production programs and the informal production among the dissemination and incidence of bacterial wilt. The current tendency of the distribution and incidence of the bacterial diseases in Bolivia is worsening.
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Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research, Jun 1, 2006
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Deforestation has affected the pre-Andean Amazonian tropical rainforests, as microregions are of ... more Deforestation has affected the pre-Andean Amazonian tropical rainforests, as microregions are of relevant ecological and environmental importance for biodiversity conservation. Macromycetes are some of the organisms facing extinction owing to the alteration of which the natural tropical rainforests have been subjected. This work provides an inventory of the macromycetes inhabiting the last relicts of natural, unspoiled rainforest of the Department of Cochabamba, Bolivia, and reports the advancements made in their identification and classification. The inventory was taken in the permanently monitored plots established within the primary forest preserved by the San Simón University at the Valley of Sacta Fund. We found sixty-two different morphotypes, fifty-five of which are macromycetes and seven are not polypores. Fifty morphotypes were categorized as saprophytes living on dead trunks and branches and twelve morphotypes parasitizing living trunks of 17 tree species. Low macromycete species richness and the Shannon index (3.78) are indicative of low macrofungal diversity.
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Journal of Plant Pathology & Microbiology, 2014
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Journal of Plant Pathology & Microbiology, 2016
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Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) is one of the most important forage crops in the world. In Bolivia i... more Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) is one of the most important forage crops in the world. In Bolivia it is cultivated in different parts of the High Andes and in the Interandean Valleys. The species is affected by several fungal diseases which reduce production, but before 2016 hardly any mention had been made of virus disease in the region. The aims of the present work were: 1) to describe the symptomology of this apparent viral disease, and ii) determine its effects on the yield of different alfalfa cultivars available from the CIF-UMSS. In 2016, a plot was established at Tiquipaya (Dept. of Cochabamba) (altitude 2480 m) was planted with 12 alfalfa cultivars. Disease incidence values were estimated and the area under the disease progress curves (AUDPC) calculated. The disease progress curves themselves were analyzed using logit functions for polycyclic diseases, and yields were determined. Disease symptoms included deformation of the folioles, thickened veins, the presence of vein enat...
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Academia Letters, 2022
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... Nota ... de Santa Cruz) (Tabla 2). De manera general, según Cárdenas (1948) en los valles cen... more ... Nota ... de Santa Cruz) (Tabla 2). De manera general, según Cárdenas (1948) en los valles centrales interandinos (Cochabamba, Chuquisaca y Potosí) mayormente se identifican a las papas silvestres como Apharuma, Jamp´atu papa, Qu´ita papa, Yuthu papa y otros. ...
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en nuestro planeta, es el que se encuentra en el 4o volumen del libro “Historia de Nuevo Mundo” d... more en nuestro planeta, es el que se encuentra en el 4o volumen del libro “Historia de Nuevo Mundo” del Padre Bernabe Cobo. Este es un libro que fue publicado por la Sociedad de Bibliofilos Andaluces, en Sevilla, 1891-1893 y escrito por su autor entre 1653, donde en breve referencia y mencionando a las tierras frias del Peru, indica “… Hallanse unas papas silvestres y amargas, llamadas Afora (?) que no se comen” (citado por Ballivian & Cevallos Tovar 1941). La palabra de referencia “afora” mal o bien recogida trasluce un conocimiento nativo, captado y escrito de una manera muy aproximada en tiempos de la colonia. Hoy en dia esta palabra se encuentra definida por la lengua espanola como palabra vernacular. En el Altiplano como en los valles de la region andina de Bolivia, los agricultores mantienen diversas denominaciones a las papas silvestres que espontaneamente crecen en los campos y serranias no cultivadas, mas alla de la especie taxonomica con que hoy en dia son conocidos en el mund...
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En el Altiplano boliviano se cultiva una gran diversidad de especies nativas andinas e introducid... more En el Altiplano boliviano se cultiva una gran diversidad de especies nativas andinas e introducidas, y, en los ultimos anos se observaron variaciones en los patrones tradicionales de cultivo de algunas especies. Los objetivos del presente estudio fueron, i. Evaluar el efecto de la plantacion tardia en el rendimiento de variedades precoces y tardias de papas nativas (S. tuberosum ssp. andigena) e introducidas (Solanum tuberosum L.), y, ii. Evaluar el efecto de la incidencia de Premnotrypes sp y Spongospora subterranea en epoca de plantacion tardia de papa en el Altiplano norte de Bolivia. Durante dos anos agricolas (2001/02 y 2002/03), se establecieron parcelas experimentales de papa en condiciones del Altiplano norte de Bolivia. Los resultados obtenidos muestran variaciones en los patrones tradicionales de cultivo de la papa. Utilizando variedades precoces y tardias, en plantacion tardia (60 dias despues de la epoca tradicional), se registran rendimientos aceptables y reduccion de l...
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Advances in Crop Science and Technology, 2018
Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) has been cultivated since 1948 on the Northern Altiplano of La Paz, ... more Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) has been cultivated since 1948 on the Northern Altiplano of La Paz, Bolivia. It is grown largely for forage rather than seed since the cold negatively affects fruit production. During the 2001/2002 season, an experimental plot with a complete random block design (5 × 2 m) and four replicates, was established at the Estacion Experimental Belen (the Belen Research Station) on the Northern Altiplano at an altitude of 3824 m, in which 11 varieties of alfalfa were planted with the aim of examining their seed-producing potential. These crops were left uncut between sprouting (August) and harvest. Maximum and minimum and mean daily temperatures were recorded over the growing season, and compared to those recorded for 1949/50 (just after alfalfa was first introduced). All the varieties showed good percentage flowering rates (mean 80%). In May 2002, 1 m2 samples were harvested from each experimental unit and air dried in the normal environment. The seeds were separated out by threshing, weighed, and the percentage able to germinate determined in the laboratory. The variety Valador produced the greatest seed yield (76 kgha-1) followed by Ranger (51 kg.ha-1). Historical records show no alfalfa seed to have been produced in the late 1940s/early 1950s. The variety UMSS produced the seeds that most often germinated (57%); those of the other varieties were commonly hard or immature. The temperatures recorded for the 2001/2002 season were notably warmer than those for 1949/50; temperature is known to influence alfalfa seedproducing capacity. The present results show that alfalfa seed can now be produced on the Northern Altiplano. This might be due to the higher temperatures currently recorded in the region, which might increase the presence of pollinating insects as well as improve plant and seed metabolism.
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Research & Reviews: Journal of Agriculture and Allied Sciences, 2019
The High Andean region of Bolivia lies at the centre of domestication and genetic diversity of th... more The High Andean region of Bolivia lies at the centre of domestication and genetic diversity of the potato (Solanum tuberosum L.). Potatoes are cultivated throughout this region, in the Interandean Valleys and the lowland tropics. The former is where the greatest variety of native potatoes is grown (especially in the Depts. of La Paz and Cochabamba), giving rise to microcentres of genetic diversity. It is now, however, immersed in a process of transformation. Technological changes in potato production, especially the shift towards certification seed potato production i.e., use of few varieties, intensive agrochemicals use, etc., are together causing the loss of native potato species and varieties, plus has been accompanied by the loss of traditional cultivation practices, and perhaps the sustainability of potato production in the Andean region.
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espanolSorata es un microcentro de diversidad de papas nativas (2640 m), donde el cultivo de papa... more espanolSorata es un microcentro de diversidad de papas nativas (2640 m), donde el cultivo de papas phurejas es intensivo, la distribucion de algunas especies silvestres de papa es endemica y se registra alta incidencia de Phytophthora infestans. Se evaluo in situ la resistencia a P. infestans de variedades de papas phurejas (Sphu): Polo phureja, Phureja roja, Chojllu phureja (Sste), Phureja negra, Phureja amarilla, y se evaluaron ex situ poblaciones de especies silvestres endemicas de papa i) Solanum acaule (acl), S. circaeifolium (poblaciones crc-LA, crc-LB y crc-CO) y S. achacachense (ach), que son poblaciones de especies silvestres del microcentro de diversidad Sorata conservadas en el banco ex situ de la E. E. Belen; ii) S. capsicibaccatum (cap), S. berthaultii (ber), S. toralapanum (tor) y S. sparsipilum (spl), que son especies de referencia de dicho microcentro. Las variedades Phureja roja y Phureja negra muestran mayores niveles de resistencia (bajos AUDPC), rendimientos supe...
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Notulae Scientia Biologicae
Different species of wild potatoes are distributed in highlands and inter-Andean valleys of Boliv... more Different species of wild potatoes are distributed in highlands and inter-Andean valleys of Bolivia. In recent years, potato virus’s incidence has been reported in native and modern varieties of Andean areas of Peru, Ecuador and Bolivia, which could also affect wild potatoes. The main of the present investigation was to identify potato viruses using DAS ELISA in wild potatoes species, from isolated collection places and intensive potato cultivation places in the Bolivian Andean region. Folioles samples from different wild potato species were collected considering isolated distribution areas and potato cultivation intensity areas. The samples were analysed using DAS ELISA for PRX, PVY, PLRV, APLV and APMoV viruses. The results show that in the high Andean zones and inter-Andean valleys some species are contaminated with PVX, PVY and PLRV viruses and not with APLV and APMoV. In the high Andean areas with intensive potato cultivation S. acaule is contaminated with PVX and S. megistacro...
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American Journal of Plant Sciences
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Ecologia En Bolivia Revista Del Instituto De Ecologia, Apr 1, 2007
... Nota. Peligro de extinción de especies raras de papas silvestres de Bolivia. ... Hasta 1900, ... more ... Nota. Peligro de extinción de especies raras de papas silvestres de Bolivia. ... Hasta 1900, la única especie de papa silvestre conocida para Bolivia fue Solanum boliviense Dun., recolectada por D´Orbigny entre febrero y marzo de 1833 (Cárdenas 1955, Ochoa 1990) y clasificada ...
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Videos by Mario Coca Morante
In the last 20 years, wheat production undergone a change in Bolivia. Traditionally, it was grown in the inter-Andean valleys (2,000-2,500 masl), but, currently grown in the eastern Amazon region (250-350 masl). However, in some traditional areas, as in Totora microregion, yields are acceptable and have some technical limitations to improve production.
Papers by Mario Coca Morante
In the last 20 years, wheat production undergone a change in Bolivia. Traditionally, it was grown in the inter-Andean valleys (2,000-2,500 masl), but, currently grown in the eastern Amazon region (250-350 masl). However, in some traditional areas, as in Totora microregion, yields are acceptable and have some technical limitations to improve production.
The Cochabamba Valley (2500 meters above sea level) is one of the most flower-producing regions in Bolivia. A diversity of species and varieties, "creole and imported", are cultivated, both for the local market and for export. However, one of the limiting factors are pests and diseases. Soilborne and foliar diseases such as rusts, mildews and blight, can cause severe losses in the quality and quantity of production. The book describes the main soilborne and foliar diseases, including wilting, rust and mildew. It is a guide for identification and general recommendations for the diseases management.
The Cochabamba Valley (2500 meters above sea level) is one of the most flower-producing regions in Bolivia. A diversity of species and varieties, "creole and imported", are cultivated, both for the local market and for export. However, one of the limiting factors are pests and diseases. Soilborne and foliar diseases such as rusts, mildews and blight, can cause severe losses in the quality and quantity of production. The book describes the main diseases of the soilborne and foliar, including wilting, rust and mildew. It is a guide for identification and general recommendations for the diseases management.