Disponible en: http://redalyc.uaemex.mx/src/inicio/ArtPdfRed.jsp?iCve=181517919015 ... Redalyc Si... more Disponible en: http://redalyc.uaemex.mx/src/inicio/ArtPdfRed.jsp?iCve=181517919015 ... Redalyc Sistema de Información Científica Red de Revistas Científicas de América Latina, el Caribe, España y Portugal ... Guerra Ávila, Edith; Fornet Hernández, Elena; Llauradó Fernández, ...
We studied the presence of botulinum toxin-producing clostridia in 2,009 soil samples from five g... more We studied the presence of botulinum toxin-producing clostridia in 2,009 soil samples from five geographical regions of Argentina. The prevalence was 23.5%, and the distribution was not homogeneous among the regions. We observed a great multiplicity of serological types and a higher prevalence in nonvirgin soils than in virgin soils.
Infant botulism is an intestinal toxic-infection affecting infants younger than one year of age, ... more Infant botulism is an intestinal toxic-infection affecting infants younger than one year of age, and currently in some country is the most important form of human botulism by its frequency of occurrence. It is a rare neuroparalytic disease, but potentially fatal, especially if it is not early diagnosed and properly treated. It is caused by botulinum neurotoxins produced by species of Clostridium, principally C. botulinum. C. botulinum spores are widely distributed in nature, and its most common habitat and natural reservoir is the soil, the main source of contamination for the different forms of botulism. C. botulinum spores have been identified in some foods, such as honey, corn syrup, infant formula and in some medicinal plants. Considering the difficulty to prevent the swallowing of spores, is particularly relevant have adequate arrangements to interfere with colonization and/or toxin formation of C. botulinum in the intestine. Different probiotics have been demonstrated utility ...
Infant botulism is an intestinal toxemia caused principally by Clostridium botulinum. Since the i... more Infant botulism is an intestinal toxemia caused principally by Clostridium botulinum. Since the infection occurs in the intestinal tract, numerous food products have been investigated for the presence of C. botulinum and its neurotoxins. In many countries, people use linden flower (Tilia spp) tea as a household remedy and give it to infants as a sedative. Therefore, to help provide a clear picture of this disease transmission, we investigated the presence of botulinum spores in linden flowers. In this study, we analyzed 100 samples of unwrapped linden flowers and 100 samples of linden flowers in tea bags to determine the prevalence and spore-load of C. botulinum. Results were analyzed by the Fisher test. We detected a prevalence of 3% of botulinum spores in the unwrapped linden flowers analyzed and a spore load of 30 spores per 100 grams. None of the industrialized linden flowers analyzed were contaminated with botulinum spores. C. botulinum type A was identified in two samples and ...
Infant botulism is an intestinal toxemia caused principally by Clostridium botulinum. Since the i... more Infant botulism is an intestinal toxemia caused principally by Clostridium botulinum. Since the infection occurs in the intestinal tract, numerous food products have been investigated for the presence of C. botulinum and its neurotoxins. In many countries, people use linden flower (Tilia spp) tea as a household remedy and give it to infants as a sedative. Therefore, to help provide a clear picture of this disease transmission, we investigated the presence of botulinum spores in linden flowers. In this study, we analyzed 100 samples of unwrapped linden flowers and 100 samples of linden flowers in tea bags to determine the prevalence and spore-load of C. botulinum. Results were analyzed by the Fisher test. We detected a prevalence of 3% of botulinum spores in the unwrapped linden flowers analyzed and a spore load of 30 spores per 100 grams. None of the industrialized linden flowers analyzed were contaminated with botulinum spores. C. botulinum type A was identified in two samples and ...
Add to CiteULike Add to Complore Add to Connotea Add to Del.icio.us Add to Digg Add to Facebook A... more Add to CiteULike Add to Complore Add to Connotea Add to Del.icio.us Add to Digg Add to Facebook Add to Reddit Add to Technorati Add to Twitter What's this? ... Background: In patients with acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, mechanical ventilation is often ...
Applied and environmental microbiology, Sep 21, 2017
Diverse members of the genus clostridium produce botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs), which cause a fla... more Diverse members of the genus clostridium produce botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs), which cause a flaccid paralysis known as botulism. While multiple species of clostridia produce BoNTs, the majority of human botulism cases have been attributed to Clostridium botulinum Groups I and II. Recent comparative genomic studies have demonstrated the genomic diversity within these BoNT-producing species. This study introduces a multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay for differentiating members of C. botulinum Group I, C. sporogenes, and two major subgroups within C. botulinum Group II. Coding region sequences unique to each of the four species/subgroups were identified by in silico analyses of thousands of genome assemblies, and PCR primers were designed to amplify each marker. The resulting multiplex PCR assay correctly assigned 41 tested isolates to the appropriate species or subgroup. A separate PCR assay to determine the presence of the ntnh gene (a gene associated with the botulinu...
Applied and environmental microbiology, Sep 21, 2017
Diverse members of the genus clostridium produce botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs), which cause a fla... more Diverse members of the genus clostridium produce botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs), which cause a flaccid paralysis known as botulism. While multiple species of clostridia produce BoNTs, the majority of human botulism cases have been attributed to Clostridium botulinum Groups I and II. Recent comparative genomic studies have demonstrated the genomic diversity within these BoNT-producing species. This study introduces a multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay for differentiating members of C. botulinum Group I, C. sporogenes, and two major subgroups within C. botulinum Group II. Coding region sequences unique to each of the four species/subgroups were identified by in silico analyses of thousands of genome assemblies, and PCR primers were designed to amplify each marker. The resulting multiplex PCR assay correctly assigned 41 tested isolates to the appropriate species or subgroup. A separate PCR assay to determine the presence of the ntnh gene (a gene associated with the botulinu...
Most infant botulism cases worldwide are due to botulinum toxin types A and B. Rarely,Clostridium... more Most infant botulism cases worldwide are due to botulinum toxin types A and B. Rarely,Clostridium botulinumstrains that produce two serotypes (Ab, Ba, and Bf) have also been isolated from infant botulism cases. This is the first reported case of infant botulism due toC. botulinumtype Af worldwide.
ABSTRACTInfant botulism is the most common form of human botulism in Argentina and the United Sta... more ABSTRACTInfant botulism is the most common form of human botulism in Argentina and the United States. BabyBIG (botulism immune globulin intravenous [human]) is the antitoxin of choice for specific treatment of infant botulism in the United States. However, its high cost limits its use in many countries. We report here the effectiveness and safety of equine botulinum antitoxin (EqBA) as an alternative treatment. We conducted an analytical, observational, retrospective, and longitudinal study on cases of infant botulism registered in Mendoza, Argentina, from 1993 to 2007. We analyzed 92 medical records of laboratory-confirmed cases and evaluated the safety and efficacy of treatment with EqBA. Forty-nine laboratory-confirmed cases of infant botulism demanding admission in intensive care units and mechanical ventilation included 31 treated with EqBA within the 5 days after the onset of signs and 18 untreated with EqBA. EqBA-treated patients had a reduction in the mean length of hospital...
Disponible en: http://redalyc.uaemex.mx/src/inicio/ArtPdfRed.jsp?iCve=181517919015 ... Redalyc Si... more Disponible en: http://redalyc.uaemex.mx/src/inicio/ArtPdfRed.jsp?iCve=181517919015 ... Redalyc Sistema de Información Científica Red de Revistas Científicas de América Latina, el Caribe, España y Portugal ... Guerra Ávila, Edith; Fornet Hernández, Elena; Llauradó Fernández, ...
We studied the presence of botulinum toxin-producing clostridia in 2,009 soil samples from five g... more We studied the presence of botulinum toxin-producing clostridia in 2,009 soil samples from five geographical regions of Argentina. The prevalence was 23.5%, and the distribution was not homogeneous among the regions. We observed a great multiplicity of serological types and a higher prevalence in nonvirgin soils than in virgin soils.
Infant botulism is an intestinal toxic-infection affecting infants younger than one year of age, ... more Infant botulism is an intestinal toxic-infection affecting infants younger than one year of age, and currently in some country is the most important form of human botulism by its frequency of occurrence. It is a rare neuroparalytic disease, but potentially fatal, especially if it is not early diagnosed and properly treated. It is caused by botulinum neurotoxins produced by species of Clostridium, principally C. botulinum. C. botulinum spores are widely distributed in nature, and its most common habitat and natural reservoir is the soil, the main source of contamination for the different forms of botulism. C. botulinum spores have been identified in some foods, such as honey, corn syrup, infant formula and in some medicinal plants. Considering the difficulty to prevent the swallowing of spores, is particularly relevant have adequate arrangements to interfere with colonization and/or toxin formation of C. botulinum in the intestine. Different probiotics have been demonstrated utility ...
Infant botulism is an intestinal toxemia caused principally by Clostridium botulinum. Since the i... more Infant botulism is an intestinal toxemia caused principally by Clostridium botulinum. Since the infection occurs in the intestinal tract, numerous food products have been investigated for the presence of C. botulinum and its neurotoxins. In many countries, people use linden flower (Tilia spp) tea as a household remedy and give it to infants as a sedative. Therefore, to help provide a clear picture of this disease transmission, we investigated the presence of botulinum spores in linden flowers. In this study, we analyzed 100 samples of unwrapped linden flowers and 100 samples of linden flowers in tea bags to determine the prevalence and spore-load of C. botulinum. Results were analyzed by the Fisher test. We detected a prevalence of 3% of botulinum spores in the unwrapped linden flowers analyzed and a spore load of 30 spores per 100 grams. None of the industrialized linden flowers analyzed were contaminated with botulinum spores. C. botulinum type A was identified in two samples and ...
Infant botulism is an intestinal toxemia caused principally by Clostridium botulinum. Since the i... more Infant botulism is an intestinal toxemia caused principally by Clostridium botulinum. Since the infection occurs in the intestinal tract, numerous food products have been investigated for the presence of C. botulinum and its neurotoxins. In many countries, people use linden flower (Tilia spp) tea as a household remedy and give it to infants as a sedative. Therefore, to help provide a clear picture of this disease transmission, we investigated the presence of botulinum spores in linden flowers. In this study, we analyzed 100 samples of unwrapped linden flowers and 100 samples of linden flowers in tea bags to determine the prevalence and spore-load of C. botulinum. Results were analyzed by the Fisher test. We detected a prevalence of 3% of botulinum spores in the unwrapped linden flowers analyzed and a spore load of 30 spores per 100 grams. None of the industrialized linden flowers analyzed were contaminated with botulinum spores. C. botulinum type A was identified in two samples and ...
Add to CiteULike Add to Complore Add to Connotea Add to Del.icio.us Add to Digg Add to Facebook A... more Add to CiteULike Add to Complore Add to Connotea Add to Del.icio.us Add to Digg Add to Facebook Add to Reddit Add to Technorati Add to Twitter What's this? ... Background: In patients with acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, mechanical ventilation is often ...
Applied and environmental microbiology, Sep 21, 2017
Diverse members of the genus clostridium produce botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs), which cause a fla... more Diverse members of the genus clostridium produce botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs), which cause a flaccid paralysis known as botulism. While multiple species of clostridia produce BoNTs, the majority of human botulism cases have been attributed to Clostridium botulinum Groups I and II. Recent comparative genomic studies have demonstrated the genomic diversity within these BoNT-producing species. This study introduces a multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay for differentiating members of C. botulinum Group I, C. sporogenes, and two major subgroups within C. botulinum Group II. Coding region sequences unique to each of the four species/subgroups were identified by in silico analyses of thousands of genome assemblies, and PCR primers were designed to amplify each marker. The resulting multiplex PCR assay correctly assigned 41 tested isolates to the appropriate species or subgroup. A separate PCR assay to determine the presence of the ntnh gene (a gene associated with the botulinu...
Applied and environmental microbiology, Sep 21, 2017
Diverse members of the genus clostridium produce botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs), which cause a fla... more Diverse members of the genus clostridium produce botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs), which cause a flaccid paralysis known as botulism. While multiple species of clostridia produce BoNTs, the majority of human botulism cases have been attributed to Clostridium botulinum Groups I and II. Recent comparative genomic studies have demonstrated the genomic diversity within these BoNT-producing species. This study introduces a multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay for differentiating members of C. botulinum Group I, C. sporogenes, and two major subgroups within C. botulinum Group II. Coding region sequences unique to each of the four species/subgroups were identified by in silico analyses of thousands of genome assemblies, and PCR primers were designed to amplify each marker. The resulting multiplex PCR assay correctly assigned 41 tested isolates to the appropriate species or subgroup. A separate PCR assay to determine the presence of the ntnh gene (a gene associated with the botulinu...
Most infant botulism cases worldwide are due to botulinum toxin types A and B. Rarely,Clostridium... more Most infant botulism cases worldwide are due to botulinum toxin types A and B. Rarely,Clostridium botulinumstrains that produce two serotypes (Ab, Ba, and Bf) have also been isolated from infant botulism cases. This is the first reported case of infant botulism due toC. botulinumtype Af worldwide.
ABSTRACTInfant botulism is the most common form of human botulism in Argentina and the United Sta... more ABSTRACTInfant botulism is the most common form of human botulism in Argentina and the United States. BabyBIG (botulism immune globulin intravenous [human]) is the antitoxin of choice for specific treatment of infant botulism in the United States. However, its high cost limits its use in many countries. We report here the effectiveness and safety of equine botulinum antitoxin (EqBA) as an alternative treatment. We conducted an analytical, observational, retrospective, and longitudinal study on cases of infant botulism registered in Mendoza, Argentina, from 1993 to 2007. We analyzed 92 medical records of laboratory-confirmed cases and evaluated the safety and efficacy of treatment with EqBA. Forty-nine laboratory-confirmed cases of infant botulism demanding admission in intensive care units and mechanical ventilation included 31 treated with EqBA within the 5 days after the onset of signs and 18 untreated with EqBA. EqBA-treated patients had a reduction in the mean length of hospital...
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Papers by Rafael A Fernandez