The implementation of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and the conservation and protectio... more The implementation of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and the conservation and protection of nature are among the greatest challenges facing urban regions. There are few approaches so far that link the SDGs to natural diversity and related ecosystem services at the local level and track them in terms of increasing sustainable development at the local level. We want to close this gap by developing a set of indicators that capture ecosystem services in the sense of the SDGs and which are based on data that are freely available throughout Germany and Europe. Based on 10 SDGs and 35 SDG indicators, we are developing an ecosystem service and biodiversity-related indicator set for the evaluation of sustainable development in urban areas. We further show that it is possible to close many of the data gaps between SDGs and locally collected data mentioned in the literature and to translate the universal SDGs to the local level. Our example develops this set of indicators for the Bon...
In this study we aim at refining our understanding of the floristic connectivity of the loma- and... more In this study we aim at refining our understanding of the floristic connectivity of the loma- and precordillera floras of southern Peru and northern Chile and the parameters determining vegetation cover in this region. We used multivariate analyses to test for floristic- and environmental similarity across 53 precordillera and loma locations in Peru and Chile. We propose the use of predictive modeling in estimating the extent of desert vegetation as a complementary method to remote sensing. We created habitat suitability models for the vegetation on the coast and in the precordillera based on a combination of latent bioclimatic variables and additional environmental predictors using Maxent. We found Peruvian and Chilean lomas to be strongly floristically differentiated, as are the Chilean precordillera and lomas. Conversely, there is clear connectivity between both the Peruvian loma- and precordillera floras on the one hand and the Peruvian and Chilean precordillera floras on the ot...
Liverworts (Marchantiophyta) are pivotal in our understanding of early land plant evolution and t... more Liverworts (Marchantiophyta) are pivotal in our understanding of early land plant evolution and they form both a conspicuous and important component in many terrestrial ecosystems throughout the world. Studies of terrestrial diversity patterns on global scales, based on quantitative data, have been largely confined to vascular plants and animals. We here present a preliminary data set recording the distribution of liverwort species across almost 400 geo-political units based on almost 40,000 records from over 600 publications. This database is the most comprehensive catalogue of liverwort species worldwide, attempting to unify taxonomy, nomenclature, and distribution from the vastly scattered biological literature. The development of such a database has far reaching implications and applications, including relating biodiversity patterns to anthropogenic threats or to abiotic drivers of species richness. It also makes significant steps toward the compilation of a worldwide checklist ...
Neotropical Diversification: Patterns and Processes, 2020
Several plant clades show a characteristic disjunction between the southern Andes (SA) and southe... more Several plant clades show a characteristic disjunction between the southern Andes (SA) and southern Brazil (SB). This disjunction has been explained by Neogene geologic and climatic changes, especially due to the Andean uplift, the Mid-Miocene marine transgressions, and the development of Patagonian aridity. We compared phylogeny-derived divergence times and realized climatic niches for ten clades disjunct between the SA and the SB, and compared them with the timing proposed for the above-mentioned geologic and climatic events. Divergence times obtained for the node corresponding to the SA-SB split ranged from 27 to 1 Ma. Climatic niche overlap between SA and SB is generally low and niche equivalency (but not similarity) between SA and SB is significantly lower than expected by chance. Precipitation tends to be higher in SA and SB than in the intervening areas, where no species of the disjunct clades occur, but this trend does not apply to all clades. Clades ages correlate to differences in minimum temperature of coldest month and mean temperature of coldest quarter. Our results indicate that while different Neogene climatic and geological events can explain the disjunction of most clades, there is no single explanation for all of them: SA-SB disjunctions go back to different clade histories. Climatic niche shifts could explain the generally low climatic overlap and lack of niche equivalency between SA and SB, and might have played a central role in the biogeographic history of the SA-SB disjunction. A proper test of this hypothesis will require measuring differences in the fundamental niches of the species—which is beyond the scope of this study.
The diversity of vascular plants is very unevenly distributed across the globe. The five centres ... more The diversity of vascular plants is very unevenly distributed across the globe. The five centres that reach species rich-ness of more than 5,000 spp./10,000 km2 (Costa Rica-Chocó, Atlantic Brazil, Tropical Eastern Andes, Northern Bor-neo, New Guinea) cover only 0.2 % of the ...
The tropical Andes in South America are a global centre of plant diversity, housing an estimated ... more The tropical Andes in South America are a global centre of plant diversity, housing an estimated 50,000 vascular plant species. Unfortunately, our knowledge about the mesoscale patterns of plant diversity within this region is still rudimentary. We use the currently available floristic checklists and a plant distribution dataset downloaded from the GBIF portal to investigate patterns of diversity in general at genus level plus more detailed patterns at species level for trees and epiphytic plants. We confirm extraordinary levels of diversity throughout the tropical Andes, with a displacement towards the eastern slope of the Andes in the Central Andean region. Documented genus and species numbers are particularly high in the northern Andes. The highest levels of generic diversity are reported from Colombia, with up to 2,380 genera per 1° latitudinal band, of which 1,945 are found in the Andes. Ecuador, and especially Peru and Bolivia have slightly lower, but overall similar genus num...
The forest structure and tree species composition of the submontane rain forest at the Reserva Fl... more The forest structure and tree species composition of the submontane rain forest at the Reserva Floristica Río Guajalito was studied on an area of 0.1 ha and documented with detailed profile drawings. 154 individuals of freestanding woody plants with ≥ 5 cm dbh were found, 85 of them with ≥ 10 cm dbh. These represent 57 (41) species belonging to 22 (19) families. The top height is c. 30m. The highest tree in the plot is 35 m, whereas outside the plot trees up to 40 m can be found. Lauraceae, Melastomataceae, Meliaceae, Rubiaceae and Euphorbiaceae are the families with highest species numbers in the study plot. There is a clear stratification into three tree layers regarding species composition as ∗ Botanisches Institut und Botanischer Garten der Universität, Meckenheimer Allee 170, 53115 Bonn/ Germany; www.botanik.uni-bonn.de/system; Jens.Mutke@uni-bonn.de
Disjunct clades between the southern and the tropical Andes represent a biogeographical pattern t... more Disjunct clades between the southern and the tropical Andes represent a biogeographical pattern that has not been studied. One of the plant groups showing this disjuction is the clade formed by the genera Archidasyphyllum, Arnaldoa and Fulcaldea (Asteraceae, Barnadesioideae). Archidasyphyllum is distributed in central and southern Chile and adjacent Argentina and is sister to the latter two, which in turn form a clade centered in northern Peru and southern Ecuador, with one species of Fulcaldea in Bahia, Brazil. The western American clades are separated by a distance of ca. 2500 km in direct line and have no representatives through the entire arid and hyperarid regions of the Pacific deserts and the dry Puna. We hypothesized that the Neogene origin of aridity in this intervening area might be responsible for this disjunction. To address this hypothesis, we estimated divergence times and ancestral range and quantified the climatic niches of the respective clades and compared them to ...
The implementation of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and the conservation and protectio... more The implementation of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and the conservation and protection of nature are among the greatest challenges facing urban regions. There are few approaches so far that link the SDGs to natural diversity and related ecosystem services at the local level and track them in terms of increasing sustainable development at the local level. We want to close this gap by developing a set of indicators that capture ecosystem services in the sense of the SDGs and which are based on data that are freely available throughout Germany and Europe. Based on 10 SDGs and 35 SDG indicators, we are developing an ecosystem service and biodiversity-related indicator set for the evaluation of sustainable development in urban areas. We further show that it is possible to close many of the data gaps between SDGs and locally collected data mentioned in the literature and to translate the universal SDGs to the local level. Our example develops this set of indicators for the Bon...
In this study we aim at refining our understanding of the floristic connectivity of the loma- and... more In this study we aim at refining our understanding of the floristic connectivity of the loma- and precordillera floras of southern Peru and northern Chile and the parameters determining vegetation cover in this region. We used multivariate analyses to test for floristic- and environmental similarity across 53 precordillera and loma locations in Peru and Chile. We propose the use of predictive modeling in estimating the extent of desert vegetation as a complementary method to remote sensing. We created habitat suitability models for the vegetation on the coast and in the precordillera based on a combination of latent bioclimatic variables and additional environmental predictors using Maxent. We found Peruvian and Chilean lomas to be strongly floristically differentiated, as are the Chilean precordillera and lomas. Conversely, there is clear connectivity between both the Peruvian loma- and precordillera floras on the one hand and the Peruvian and Chilean precordillera floras on the ot...
Liverworts (Marchantiophyta) are pivotal in our understanding of early land plant evolution and t... more Liverworts (Marchantiophyta) are pivotal in our understanding of early land plant evolution and they form both a conspicuous and important component in many terrestrial ecosystems throughout the world. Studies of terrestrial diversity patterns on global scales, based on quantitative data, have been largely confined to vascular plants and animals. We here present a preliminary data set recording the distribution of liverwort species across almost 400 geo-political units based on almost 40,000 records from over 600 publications. This database is the most comprehensive catalogue of liverwort species worldwide, attempting to unify taxonomy, nomenclature, and distribution from the vastly scattered biological literature. The development of such a database has far reaching implications and applications, including relating biodiversity patterns to anthropogenic threats or to abiotic drivers of species richness. It also makes significant steps toward the compilation of a worldwide checklist ...
Neotropical Diversification: Patterns and Processes, 2020
Several plant clades show a characteristic disjunction between the southern Andes (SA) and southe... more Several plant clades show a characteristic disjunction between the southern Andes (SA) and southern Brazil (SB). This disjunction has been explained by Neogene geologic and climatic changes, especially due to the Andean uplift, the Mid-Miocene marine transgressions, and the development of Patagonian aridity. We compared phylogeny-derived divergence times and realized climatic niches for ten clades disjunct between the SA and the SB, and compared them with the timing proposed for the above-mentioned geologic and climatic events. Divergence times obtained for the node corresponding to the SA-SB split ranged from 27 to 1 Ma. Climatic niche overlap between SA and SB is generally low and niche equivalency (but not similarity) between SA and SB is significantly lower than expected by chance. Precipitation tends to be higher in SA and SB than in the intervening areas, where no species of the disjunct clades occur, but this trend does not apply to all clades. Clades ages correlate to differences in minimum temperature of coldest month and mean temperature of coldest quarter. Our results indicate that while different Neogene climatic and geological events can explain the disjunction of most clades, there is no single explanation for all of them: SA-SB disjunctions go back to different clade histories. Climatic niche shifts could explain the generally low climatic overlap and lack of niche equivalency between SA and SB, and might have played a central role in the biogeographic history of the SA-SB disjunction. A proper test of this hypothesis will require measuring differences in the fundamental niches of the species—which is beyond the scope of this study.
The diversity of vascular plants is very unevenly distributed across the globe. The five centres ... more The diversity of vascular plants is very unevenly distributed across the globe. The five centres that reach species rich-ness of more than 5,000 spp./10,000 km2 (Costa Rica-Chocó, Atlantic Brazil, Tropical Eastern Andes, Northern Bor-neo, New Guinea) cover only 0.2 % of the ...
The tropical Andes in South America are a global centre of plant diversity, housing an estimated ... more The tropical Andes in South America are a global centre of plant diversity, housing an estimated 50,000 vascular plant species. Unfortunately, our knowledge about the mesoscale patterns of plant diversity within this region is still rudimentary. We use the currently available floristic checklists and a plant distribution dataset downloaded from the GBIF portal to investigate patterns of diversity in general at genus level plus more detailed patterns at species level for trees and epiphytic plants. We confirm extraordinary levels of diversity throughout the tropical Andes, with a displacement towards the eastern slope of the Andes in the Central Andean region. Documented genus and species numbers are particularly high in the northern Andes. The highest levels of generic diversity are reported from Colombia, with up to 2,380 genera per 1° latitudinal band, of which 1,945 are found in the Andes. Ecuador, and especially Peru and Bolivia have slightly lower, but overall similar genus num...
The forest structure and tree species composition of the submontane rain forest at the Reserva Fl... more The forest structure and tree species composition of the submontane rain forest at the Reserva Floristica Río Guajalito was studied on an area of 0.1 ha and documented with detailed profile drawings. 154 individuals of freestanding woody plants with ≥ 5 cm dbh were found, 85 of them with ≥ 10 cm dbh. These represent 57 (41) species belonging to 22 (19) families. The top height is c. 30m. The highest tree in the plot is 35 m, whereas outside the plot trees up to 40 m can be found. Lauraceae, Melastomataceae, Meliaceae, Rubiaceae and Euphorbiaceae are the families with highest species numbers in the study plot. There is a clear stratification into three tree layers regarding species composition as ∗ Botanisches Institut und Botanischer Garten der Universität, Meckenheimer Allee 170, 53115 Bonn/ Germany; www.botanik.uni-bonn.de/system; Jens.Mutke@uni-bonn.de
Disjunct clades between the southern and the tropical Andes represent a biogeographical pattern t... more Disjunct clades between the southern and the tropical Andes represent a biogeographical pattern that has not been studied. One of the plant groups showing this disjuction is the clade formed by the genera Archidasyphyllum, Arnaldoa and Fulcaldea (Asteraceae, Barnadesioideae). Archidasyphyllum is distributed in central and southern Chile and adjacent Argentina and is sister to the latter two, which in turn form a clade centered in northern Peru and southern Ecuador, with one species of Fulcaldea in Bahia, Brazil. The western American clades are separated by a distance of ca. 2500 km in direct line and have no representatives through the entire arid and hyperarid regions of the Pacific deserts and the dry Puna. We hypothesized that the Neogene origin of aridity in this intervening area might be responsible for this disjunction. To address this hypothesis, we estimated divergence times and ancestral range and quantified the climatic niches of the respective clades and compared them to ...
1 Biodiversität und der Beitrag der Natur für den Menschen
2 Die Region Bonn/Rhein-Sieg
3 Inform... more 1 Biodiversität und der Beitrag der Natur für den Menschen 2 Die Region Bonn/Rhein-Sieg 3 Informationsquellen zur Natur der Region 4 Die Biologische Vielfalt der Region 5 Ökosystemleistungen (ÖSL) in der Region 6 Biodiversität und Ökosystemleistungen im Kontext der globalen Nachhaltigen Entwicklungsziele 7 Schlussfolgerungen und Ausblick *14 Einschübe zu ausgewählten Schutzgebieten, lokalen Obst- und Gemüsesorten oder der Diversität und dem Rückgang der Bestäuber in der Region *Umfangreiche Zusammenstellung von Quellen und Fachliteratur
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Papers by Jens Mutke
2 Die Region Bonn/Rhein-Sieg
3 Informationsquellen zur Natur der Region
4 Die Biologische Vielfalt der Region
5 Ökosystemleistungen (ÖSL) in der Region
6 Biodiversität und Ökosystemleistungen im Kontext der globalen Nachhaltigen Entwicklungsziele
7 Schlussfolgerungen und Ausblick
*14 Einschübe zu ausgewählten Schutzgebieten, lokalen Obst- und Gemüsesorten oder der Diversität und dem Rückgang der Bestäuber in der Region
*Umfangreiche Zusammenstellung von Quellen und Fachliteratur