Morus spp. exhibits wide variation in leaf morphology among different species and accessions with... more Morus spp. exhibits wide variation in leaf morphology among different species and accessions within the same species. Some of the important silent morphological characteristics pertaining to mulberry leaf and fruit have been selected for the current study. Among all the ten selected genotypes ovate leaf shape was recorded to be the most common ones. Maximum leaf size of leaf was recorded in case of genotype S-1635 as 187cm and minimum in case of Kanva-2 as 28cm. Most of the genotypes were recorded with serrated to parted margins except C-4 with parted margin and smooth leaf texture with exceptions of coarse leaf in C-4, Chinese white and C-2038. Two most common types of leaf apex have been recorded as acuminate and acute with cordate, hastate and truncate leaf base. Maximum leaf length was recorded in S-1635 as 17 cm followed by Chakmajra as 15 cm and S-13 as 14 cm and 7 cm was recorded in C-4 and Kanva-2 and maximum in S-1635 as 11cm followed by S-13 and chakmajra as 8 cm and least...
The growth and development of the silkworm, Bombyx mori and the cocoon crop are influenced by the... more The growth and development of the silkworm, Bombyx mori and the cocoon crop are influenced by the yield and nutritional value of the mulberry leaf used as feed. It is true that there are disparities in leaf quality between mulberry genotypes, which explain the variations in silkworm rearing. The present study used mulberry genotypes of S1635, S164, S13, Chinese White, Chak Majra, C4, G4, C2038, V1 and K2 to estimate several biochemical components in tender mulberry leaves. Lowry's method was used to calculate the amount of protein, Anthrone method [1] was used to calculate the amount of total carbohydrates, Ninhydrin method was used for estimation of total proline, the amount of chlorophyll was calculated by Arnon method and direct method was used for estimation of moisture content in tender leaves of different mulberry varieties. V1 tender leaves (26.30 mg/g) had considerably lower total protein contents compared to S13 (49.05 mg/g) and Chinese white (48.55 mg/g) tender leaves....
International Journal of Environment and Climate Change
An experiment was undertaken to analyse the impact of fluctuating climateon growth and developmen... more An experiment was undertaken to analyse the impact of fluctuating climateon growth and development of mulberry cuttings (T-1), saplings (T-2), wild tree (T-3) and cultivated tree (control) of the same variety (Chakmajra). Various growth parameters like survivability percentage, rooting percentage, number of sprouted cuttings, fresh and dry weight of leaves and moisture retention capacity (MRC) were studied. Poonch district experienced temperature (temp.) of 3.8 to 15.3 ºC, relative humidity (RH) of 56 to 62%, rainfall 560 to 87mm and snowfall of 213 to 461mm during January to April, 2022. Maximum survivability and rooting percentage of 85.6% in case of T-1 and least 60% in T-3. Whereas, maximum values of longest shoot length and thickest diameter was recorded in T-2 as 16.2 cm and 1.1 cm respectively. T-2 showed more positive results in terms of total no. of available fresh leaves (09), fresh (64g) and dry (16g) weight of the shoots, no. of primary roots (78), MRC (86.2%) and diamet...
The current study was formulated to analyse the impact of different biodegradable and synthetic m... more The current study was formulated to analyse the impact of different biodegradable and synthetic mulches on growth and yield parameters of mulberry plant. Among the selected parameters survival rate of mulberry plants was recorded to be maximum in T-2 i.e, paddy straw and husk as 95% followed by T-1 and T-3 i.e, Black polythene mulch and Green branches of tree respectively as 90% and least for Control i.e, without any mulch as 70%. Least population of weeds with minimum intensity was recorded in T-1 (05) followed by T-2 (08) and T-3 (10). Maximum weed flora with highest intensity of weeds was found in Control i.e, without any mulch (20). For the studied samples, maximum soil moisture percentage and moisture retention capacity (MRC) of 66.57 & 95.6% was recorded in T-1 followed by T-3 as 40.31 & 87% and T-2 as 16.36 & 91% and minimum in control as 13.43 & 85.56%. The pH was recorded as 6.1 in T-1 depicting the slightly acidic soiland could be viewed as the most appropriate soil pH for...
Vermicompost is one of the most essential and efficient organic manure commonly applied to the mu... more Vermicompost is one of the most essential and efficient organic manure commonly applied to the mulberry field in most the advance sericulture countries. Vermicompost is the one of the beneficial biotechnology is the bioconversion of organic waste into useful form. In the current experiment, soil treated with vermicompost of three different treatments viz., Cow dung + Seri-waste (T-1), Cow dung +Seri-waste (T-2) and Cow dung +Seri-waste + Rice straw (T-3) were recorded different parameters. After the application of different treatment of vermicompost the best recorded treatment as a T-as 6.7 pH. The moisture retention capacity was recorded as 52% in T-1 and 74% and 62% respectively in T-2 and T-3, with electric conductivity as 2-3ms/cm. The soil texture of soil treated with T-2 (Cow dung +Seri-waste) showed best input as 50% as compared to T-1 and least in T-3 as 40% and 35% respectively. Application of different treatment of vermicompost on soil recorded to be T-2 (Cow dung +Seri-...
Asian Journal of Agricultural Extension, Economics & Sociology
The most significant economic sector is sericulture, which has a variety of entrepreneurship oppo... more The most significant economic sector is sericulture, which has a variety of entrepreneurship opportunities and the ability to increase regular periodicity of economic returns. The effective rate of rearing and the techniques used during the rearing stage are the most crucial factors in a good cocoon harvest. Additionally, technical expertise and scientific knowledge are needed for silkworm cultivation. An effort has been done in the form of a survey research to learn more about the knowledge and skill profile of the sericulture farmers in the Poonch area. The study found that farmers lack technical expertise in commercial rearing and scientific knowledge. Low productivity in the district as compared to other districts of Jammu and Kashmir is caused by a lack of understanding about new technology. In this context, State Sericulture Development Department, Central Silk Board Sub-departments, and Post Graduate Department of Sericulture, Poonch Campus, University of Jammu, play importan...
International Journal of Environment and Climate Change
The impact of HS on larval growth and development, ERR, cocoon characteristics and biochemical el... more The impact of HS on larval growth and development, ERR, cocoon characteristics and biochemical elements of carbohydrate content was investigated using FC2 X FC1 bivoltine hybrid silkworm breed. On the third day of the fifth instar, the FC2 X FC1 bivoltine hybrid was treated to HS at 30, 35, 40 and 45ºC for 1 h with 1 h retrieval. Following that, silkworms were maintained in the rearing house under naturally fluctuating environmental circumstances in order to assess their intrinsic potentiality for overcoming temperature changes and producing cocoons in contrast to non-HS B. mori larvae. At 40°C, the biological and commercial features gained the most weight. As a result, although all larvae heat shocked at 35 and 40°C metamorphosed into pupae with better growth than controls, the fifth instar showed the greatest improvement in it. However, heat shock temperature of 45˚C was lethal since all the biological and commercial characters were severely affected in all instars. Thus, temperat...
Asian Journal of Agricultural Extension, Economics & Sociology
Bivoltine silk produced in Jammu and Kashmir is well recognized on global context but even though... more Bivoltine silk produced in Jammu and Kashmir is well recognized on global context but even though having most congenial climatic conditions, the raw silk yield is quite low. The reasons can be attributed to lack of awareness on proper rearing practices among the farmers and adoption rate of improved technologies. Therefore, current study was formulated to document the role and responsibilities of various research and extension institutions for progressive development of silk industry in Jammu and Kashmir (J and K). The survey was conducted in Poonch district of J and K, India during the month of March-April; 2021. The survey was conducted with selected (25) farmers and data were collected using questionnaire. Among 25 respondents, only 08 farmers belonged to middle age group (35 to 50 years) and 72% of them had minimum education level of below 10th standard. 21 farmers had more than 20 years of experience in sericulture and 72% farmers had very less exposure towards extension progra...
International Journal of Entomology Research, 2017
The manifestation of cocoon characters due to heat shock (HS) during the larval stage of poly- (D... more The manifestation of cocoon characters due to heat shock (HS) during the larval stage of poly- (Daizo and Pure Mysore) and bi-voltine (NB4D2 and CSR2) silkworm strains of Bombyx mori was studied. Because, temperature being a major factor that shape distribution of organisms, insects in particular have diverse response to deal with critical temperature and exposure to wide-ranging thermal conditions led to amendment of biochemical and physiological protective mechanisms. To this, different instar larvae of poly- and bi- voltine breeds were subjected to thermal stress and the data generated in respect of cocoon traits were pooled separately for statistical analysis. Interestingly, highest weight of the cocoon was recorded from fifth instar CSR2 larvae HS at 40°C (1.99 g) with an improvement of 44.20% against control (1.38g). But, high rate of response to HS at 40°C was recorded in NB4D2 with an improvement of 46.82% in the weight of the cocoon. Among different instars, the fifth instar larvae of all the breeds HS at 40°C produced good quality cocoon with higher shell weight than control groups. Consequently, although, all instars larvae HS at 35 and 40°C metamorphosed into pupae with better growth than control highest per cent of improvement in it was recorded from fifth instar. However, heat shock temperature of 45˚C was lethal since all the biological and commercial characters were severely affected in all instars. Thus, temperatures of 40°C shall be taken into account to elicit profound response to acquire tolerance to overcome the fluctuated environmental condition, while screening for better parents to develop thermotolerant breeds/hybrids for tropical countries like India
1 P. G. Department of Sericulture, Poonch Campus, University of Jammu, Jammu & Kashmir, 185101, I... more 1 P. G. Department of Sericulture, Poonch Campus, University of Jammu, Jammu & Kashmir, 185101, India. 2 Temperate Sericulture Research Institute, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir-Mirgund, Jammu & Kashmir,193121, India. 3 Division of Sericulture, Sher-eKashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Jammu, Chatha, India -180009. 4 Department of Zoology, Govt. Degree College Poonch, University of Jammu, Jammu & Kashmir, 185101, India
The advancement of introduction of environmental chemicals through pesticides regarded as solemn ... more The advancement of introduction of environmental chemicals through pesticides regarded as solemn setback, present world is confronted with the indiscriminate use of the several environmental chemicals in agriculture, livestock production, conservation of plants and animals, industrialization and biodiversity. These environmental chemicals are known to affect not only the target organisms and non target organisms endangering the homeostasis mechanism but also causing severe damage to ecosystem because of long lasting residual effects. Toxicity leads to death, irritation, skin sensitization, mutagenicity, tumors etc. The primary step in assessing the toxicity of a chemical substance is to observe the physical and behavioural responses of the poisoned animal. It is in this review, the silkworm Bombyx mori offers as one of the best and convenient laboratory tool because of its important physiological and genetical mechanism simulates the higher eukaryotic system. The methodology develop...
Biofuel in today’s scenario is becoming increasingly attractive fuel because of its environmental... more Biofuel in today’s scenario is becoming increasingly attractive fuel because of its environmental benefits and renewable nature. Continuous use of petroleum sourced fuels is now widely recognized as unsustainable because of depleting supplies and the contribution of these fuels to global warming by way of heavy accumulations of carbon dioxide in the environment. The soaring oil prices have encouraged major consumers worldwide to sharply increase the use of Biofuel. In a developing country like India this is not practically feasible to divert the edible oil for production of Biofuel as the edible oil demand for human consumption is always higher than its domestic production. Under Indian conditions only such plant sources can be considered for Biofuel which produces non-edible oil in appreciable quantity and can be cultivated at large scale on non cropped marginal and wastelands. There are many tree species which bear oil rich seeds and can serve as excellent feedstock for Biofuel pr...
International Journal of Entomological Research, 2018
Sericulture is an activity where every part can be used for multiple purposes. Sericulture implie... more Sericulture is an activity where every part can be used for multiple purposes. Sericulture implies significant quantities of secondary and waste products such as perforated silk cocoons, Bombyx mori chrysalides, bedding left-over larval dejections and mulberry plant waste, superseded cocoons, surplus mulberry leaf, root and wood biomass, mulberry fruits, mulberry root biomass etc. Therefore, sericulture to produce only silk fabric can now be transformed into the functional industry by applying appropriate methods in processing the secondary and waste products from sericulture, which can double or even triple the farmers’ income dramatically as obtained from the main activity of silk cocoon production. Thus, in order to ensure a profitable sericulture activity, it is necessary to process these secondary and waste products generated from different sericulture activities to obtain biologically active substances with important uses in: pharmaceutical, cosmetic, paper and cellulose, and ...
Study on genetic diversity is critical to success in any crop breeding and it provides informatio... more Study on genetic diversity is critical to success in any crop breeding and it provides information about the quantum of genetic divergence and serves a platform for specific breeding objectives. Genetic diversity is a particular concern because greater genetic uniformity in silkworm can increase vulnerability to pests and diseases. Hence maintenance of genetic diversity is a fundamental component in long term management strategies for genetic improvement of silkworm which is cultivated by millions of people around the worlds for its lustrous silk. In view of the present study, genetic diversity studies carried out in silkworm using divergent methods (Quantitative traits, biochemical and molecular markers) and present level of diversity, pertaining to the literature has been reviewed. Genetic diversity is the genetic variation within species, both among geographically separated populations and among individuals within a single population. Genetic diversity is an essential aspect in c...
ABSTRACT Background/objectivesTASKI Protasan (TP) and Combatan (TC) are commercially available me... more ABSTRACT Background/objectivesTASKI Protasan (TP) and Combatan (TC) are commercially available medically important compounds with Benzalkonium chloride (BC) as one of the components. BC is used as a common preservative in ophthalmic solutions and disinfectant in health centers and food processing industries. Hence, they were considered in the present study to examine its toxicity and biological effects on Bombyx mori and baculovirus.MethodsTP and TC administered through diet and topical to fifth instar larvae. The toxicity was measured based on the larval mortality and their competency preventing cross-infection of NPV (Nucleopolyhedrovirus) based on larval survivability and cocoon production.ResultsIt was evident from the data that 0.1% TC induced less toxicity in silkworm, hence 1, 0.5 and 0.1% for oral and 1, 3 and 5% for topical applications were considered in the subsequent investigation. Interestingly, while 1% of TP and TC orally administered induced 100% mortality, 0.1% of TC exhibited 75.33% mortality. Further, TP and TC rather inhibit NPV infection, but abate the larvae, which eventually yielded more mortality in all the treatments than control (14.66%) and NPV control (68%). The radical changes in average cocoon weight; shell weight and shell ratio endorsed the toxicity effects of TP and TC. Topical application of TP and TC not only exhibited significant decrease in larval mortality but also yielded 1.067 and 1.064 g of cocoon against 1.022 g in control preventing cross-infection of baculovirus.ConclusionsTP and TC have shown high toxic effect through oral application and positive impact with topical application. Thus we suggest the possible use of TP and TC as potent disinfectant in food processing industry and health centers wherein hygiene is of prime importance.
Recent trend in the sericulture industry is introduction of single or double bivoltine hybrids of... more Recent trend in the sericulture industry is introduction of single or double bivoltine hybrids of the silkworm, Bombyx mori for commercial exploitation. Towards this, CSR breeds were suggested to rear in the field but their performance and success in all the seasons is a limiting factor. Hence, foundation combinations like FC1 and FC2 that represents a bivoltine hybrid origin have been used as male parent to cross with multivoltines for production of F1 hybrids. In view of this practical limitations and commercial interest, we have selected FC2 as experimental material to examine its tolerance to fluctuated environmental condition at the field. Different instars larvae were exposed to heat shock (HS) temperatures of 35 and 45°C for 2 h with 2 h recovery period. All the HS induced larvae were reared along with control in natural environmental condition. Interestingly, 45°C was determined as lethal temperature due to induction of more than 75% mortality in all the instars. Correspondi...
A comparative analysis of protein extracted from different regions of silk glands in the Bombyx m... more A comparative analysis of protein extracted from different regions of silk glands in the Bombyx mori L. and Philosamia ricini Hutt was performed employing single-dimensional-electrophoresis technique. Notably, a protein extracted directly from the lumen of the middle silk gland yielded two discrete protein bands with molecular mass of 325 and 26 kDa representing fibroin heavy (H) and low (L) chains than whole silk gland of B. mori. Contrastingly, such differentiation in protein separation could not be achieved due to undifferentiated regions of silk gland in P. ricini. Interestingly, copious amount of proteins with different molecular weight were noticed in the whole silk gland of B. mori and P. ricini, whose functional properties in the silk gland remain enigmatic. Thus, middle and whole silk glands of B. mori shall be an ideal source for the extraction of fibroin and sericin respectively as potent bio-materials for biotechnological and biomedical applications.
Morus spp. exhibits wide variation in leaf morphology among different species and accessions with... more Morus spp. exhibits wide variation in leaf morphology among different species and accessions within the same species. Some of the important silent morphological characteristics pertaining to mulberry leaf and fruit have been selected for the current study. Among all the ten selected genotypes ovate leaf shape was recorded to be the most common ones. Maximum leaf size of leaf was recorded in case of genotype S-1635 as 187cm and minimum in case of Kanva-2 as 28cm. Most of the genotypes were recorded with serrated to parted margins except C-4 with parted margin and smooth leaf texture with exceptions of coarse leaf in C-4, Chinese white and C-2038. Two most common types of leaf apex have been recorded as acuminate and acute with cordate, hastate and truncate leaf base. Maximum leaf length was recorded in S-1635 as 17 cm followed by Chakmajra as 15 cm and S-13 as 14 cm and 7 cm was recorded in C-4 and Kanva-2 and maximum in S-1635 as 11cm followed by S-13 and chakmajra as 8 cm and least...
The growth and development of the silkworm, Bombyx mori and the cocoon crop are influenced by the... more The growth and development of the silkworm, Bombyx mori and the cocoon crop are influenced by the yield and nutritional value of the mulberry leaf used as feed. It is true that there are disparities in leaf quality between mulberry genotypes, which explain the variations in silkworm rearing. The present study used mulberry genotypes of S1635, S164, S13, Chinese White, Chak Majra, C4, G4, C2038, V1 and K2 to estimate several biochemical components in tender mulberry leaves. Lowry's method was used to calculate the amount of protein, Anthrone method [1] was used to calculate the amount of total carbohydrates, Ninhydrin method was used for estimation of total proline, the amount of chlorophyll was calculated by Arnon method and direct method was used for estimation of moisture content in tender leaves of different mulberry varieties. V1 tender leaves (26.30 mg/g) had considerably lower total protein contents compared to S13 (49.05 mg/g) and Chinese white (48.55 mg/g) tender leaves....
International Journal of Environment and Climate Change
An experiment was undertaken to analyse the impact of fluctuating climateon growth and developmen... more An experiment was undertaken to analyse the impact of fluctuating climateon growth and development of mulberry cuttings (T-1), saplings (T-2), wild tree (T-3) and cultivated tree (control) of the same variety (Chakmajra). Various growth parameters like survivability percentage, rooting percentage, number of sprouted cuttings, fresh and dry weight of leaves and moisture retention capacity (MRC) were studied. Poonch district experienced temperature (temp.) of 3.8 to 15.3 ºC, relative humidity (RH) of 56 to 62%, rainfall 560 to 87mm and snowfall of 213 to 461mm during January to April, 2022. Maximum survivability and rooting percentage of 85.6% in case of T-1 and least 60% in T-3. Whereas, maximum values of longest shoot length and thickest diameter was recorded in T-2 as 16.2 cm and 1.1 cm respectively. T-2 showed more positive results in terms of total no. of available fresh leaves (09), fresh (64g) and dry (16g) weight of the shoots, no. of primary roots (78), MRC (86.2%) and diamet...
The current study was formulated to analyse the impact of different biodegradable and synthetic m... more The current study was formulated to analyse the impact of different biodegradable and synthetic mulches on growth and yield parameters of mulberry plant. Among the selected parameters survival rate of mulberry plants was recorded to be maximum in T-2 i.e, paddy straw and husk as 95% followed by T-1 and T-3 i.e, Black polythene mulch and Green branches of tree respectively as 90% and least for Control i.e, without any mulch as 70%. Least population of weeds with minimum intensity was recorded in T-1 (05) followed by T-2 (08) and T-3 (10). Maximum weed flora with highest intensity of weeds was found in Control i.e, without any mulch (20). For the studied samples, maximum soil moisture percentage and moisture retention capacity (MRC) of 66.57 & 95.6% was recorded in T-1 followed by T-3 as 40.31 & 87% and T-2 as 16.36 & 91% and minimum in control as 13.43 & 85.56%. The pH was recorded as 6.1 in T-1 depicting the slightly acidic soiland could be viewed as the most appropriate soil pH for...
Vermicompost is one of the most essential and efficient organic manure commonly applied to the mu... more Vermicompost is one of the most essential and efficient organic manure commonly applied to the mulberry field in most the advance sericulture countries. Vermicompost is the one of the beneficial biotechnology is the bioconversion of organic waste into useful form. In the current experiment, soil treated with vermicompost of three different treatments viz., Cow dung + Seri-waste (T-1), Cow dung +Seri-waste (T-2) and Cow dung +Seri-waste + Rice straw (T-3) were recorded different parameters. After the application of different treatment of vermicompost the best recorded treatment as a T-as 6.7 pH. The moisture retention capacity was recorded as 52% in T-1 and 74% and 62% respectively in T-2 and T-3, with electric conductivity as 2-3ms/cm. The soil texture of soil treated with T-2 (Cow dung +Seri-waste) showed best input as 50% as compared to T-1 and least in T-3 as 40% and 35% respectively. Application of different treatment of vermicompost on soil recorded to be T-2 (Cow dung +Seri-...
Asian Journal of Agricultural Extension, Economics & Sociology
The most significant economic sector is sericulture, which has a variety of entrepreneurship oppo... more The most significant economic sector is sericulture, which has a variety of entrepreneurship opportunities and the ability to increase regular periodicity of economic returns. The effective rate of rearing and the techniques used during the rearing stage are the most crucial factors in a good cocoon harvest. Additionally, technical expertise and scientific knowledge are needed for silkworm cultivation. An effort has been done in the form of a survey research to learn more about the knowledge and skill profile of the sericulture farmers in the Poonch area. The study found that farmers lack technical expertise in commercial rearing and scientific knowledge. Low productivity in the district as compared to other districts of Jammu and Kashmir is caused by a lack of understanding about new technology. In this context, State Sericulture Development Department, Central Silk Board Sub-departments, and Post Graduate Department of Sericulture, Poonch Campus, University of Jammu, play importan...
International Journal of Environment and Climate Change
The impact of HS on larval growth and development, ERR, cocoon characteristics and biochemical el... more The impact of HS on larval growth and development, ERR, cocoon characteristics and biochemical elements of carbohydrate content was investigated using FC2 X FC1 bivoltine hybrid silkworm breed. On the third day of the fifth instar, the FC2 X FC1 bivoltine hybrid was treated to HS at 30, 35, 40 and 45ºC for 1 h with 1 h retrieval. Following that, silkworms were maintained in the rearing house under naturally fluctuating environmental circumstances in order to assess their intrinsic potentiality for overcoming temperature changes and producing cocoons in contrast to non-HS B. mori larvae. At 40°C, the biological and commercial features gained the most weight. As a result, although all larvae heat shocked at 35 and 40°C metamorphosed into pupae with better growth than controls, the fifth instar showed the greatest improvement in it. However, heat shock temperature of 45˚C was lethal since all the biological and commercial characters were severely affected in all instars. Thus, temperat...
Asian Journal of Agricultural Extension, Economics & Sociology
Bivoltine silk produced in Jammu and Kashmir is well recognized on global context but even though... more Bivoltine silk produced in Jammu and Kashmir is well recognized on global context but even though having most congenial climatic conditions, the raw silk yield is quite low. The reasons can be attributed to lack of awareness on proper rearing practices among the farmers and adoption rate of improved technologies. Therefore, current study was formulated to document the role and responsibilities of various research and extension institutions for progressive development of silk industry in Jammu and Kashmir (J and K). The survey was conducted in Poonch district of J and K, India during the month of March-April; 2021. The survey was conducted with selected (25) farmers and data were collected using questionnaire. Among 25 respondents, only 08 farmers belonged to middle age group (35 to 50 years) and 72% of them had minimum education level of below 10th standard. 21 farmers had more than 20 years of experience in sericulture and 72% farmers had very less exposure towards extension progra...
International Journal of Entomology Research, 2017
The manifestation of cocoon characters due to heat shock (HS) during the larval stage of poly- (D... more The manifestation of cocoon characters due to heat shock (HS) during the larval stage of poly- (Daizo and Pure Mysore) and bi-voltine (NB4D2 and CSR2) silkworm strains of Bombyx mori was studied. Because, temperature being a major factor that shape distribution of organisms, insects in particular have diverse response to deal with critical temperature and exposure to wide-ranging thermal conditions led to amendment of biochemical and physiological protective mechanisms. To this, different instar larvae of poly- and bi- voltine breeds were subjected to thermal stress and the data generated in respect of cocoon traits were pooled separately for statistical analysis. Interestingly, highest weight of the cocoon was recorded from fifth instar CSR2 larvae HS at 40°C (1.99 g) with an improvement of 44.20% against control (1.38g). But, high rate of response to HS at 40°C was recorded in NB4D2 with an improvement of 46.82% in the weight of the cocoon. Among different instars, the fifth instar larvae of all the breeds HS at 40°C produced good quality cocoon with higher shell weight than control groups. Consequently, although, all instars larvae HS at 35 and 40°C metamorphosed into pupae with better growth than control highest per cent of improvement in it was recorded from fifth instar. However, heat shock temperature of 45˚C was lethal since all the biological and commercial characters were severely affected in all instars. Thus, temperatures of 40°C shall be taken into account to elicit profound response to acquire tolerance to overcome the fluctuated environmental condition, while screening for better parents to develop thermotolerant breeds/hybrids for tropical countries like India
1 P. G. Department of Sericulture, Poonch Campus, University of Jammu, Jammu & Kashmir, 185101, I... more 1 P. G. Department of Sericulture, Poonch Campus, University of Jammu, Jammu & Kashmir, 185101, India. 2 Temperate Sericulture Research Institute, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir-Mirgund, Jammu & Kashmir,193121, India. 3 Division of Sericulture, Sher-eKashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Jammu, Chatha, India -180009. 4 Department of Zoology, Govt. Degree College Poonch, University of Jammu, Jammu & Kashmir, 185101, India
The advancement of introduction of environmental chemicals through pesticides regarded as solemn ... more The advancement of introduction of environmental chemicals through pesticides regarded as solemn setback, present world is confronted with the indiscriminate use of the several environmental chemicals in agriculture, livestock production, conservation of plants and animals, industrialization and biodiversity. These environmental chemicals are known to affect not only the target organisms and non target organisms endangering the homeostasis mechanism but also causing severe damage to ecosystem because of long lasting residual effects. Toxicity leads to death, irritation, skin sensitization, mutagenicity, tumors etc. The primary step in assessing the toxicity of a chemical substance is to observe the physical and behavioural responses of the poisoned animal. It is in this review, the silkworm Bombyx mori offers as one of the best and convenient laboratory tool because of its important physiological and genetical mechanism simulates the higher eukaryotic system. The methodology develop...
Biofuel in today’s scenario is becoming increasingly attractive fuel because of its environmental... more Biofuel in today’s scenario is becoming increasingly attractive fuel because of its environmental benefits and renewable nature. Continuous use of petroleum sourced fuels is now widely recognized as unsustainable because of depleting supplies and the contribution of these fuels to global warming by way of heavy accumulations of carbon dioxide in the environment. The soaring oil prices have encouraged major consumers worldwide to sharply increase the use of Biofuel. In a developing country like India this is not practically feasible to divert the edible oil for production of Biofuel as the edible oil demand for human consumption is always higher than its domestic production. Under Indian conditions only such plant sources can be considered for Biofuel which produces non-edible oil in appreciable quantity and can be cultivated at large scale on non cropped marginal and wastelands. There are many tree species which bear oil rich seeds and can serve as excellent feedstock for Biofuel pr...
International Journal of Entomological Research, 2018
Sericulture is an activity where every part can be used for multiple purposes. Sericulture implie... more Sericulture is an activity where every part can be used for multiple purposes. Sericulture implies significant quantities of secondary and waste products such as perforated silk cocoons, Bombyx mori chrysalides, bedding left-over larval dejections and mulberry plant waste, superseded cocoons, surplus mulberry leaf, root and wood biomass, mulberry fruits, mulberry root biomass etc. Therefore, sericulture to produce only silk fabric can now be transformed into the functional industry by applying appropriate methods in processing the secondary and waste products from sericulture, which can double or even triple the farmers’ income dramatically as obtained from the main activity of silk cocoon production. Thus, in order to ensure a profitable sericulture activity, it is necessary to process these secondary and waste products generated from different sericulture activities to obtain biologically active substances with important uses in: pharmaceutical, cosmetic, paper and cellulose, and ...
Study on genetic diversity is critical to success in any crop breeding and it provides informatio... more Study on genetic diversity is critical to success in any crop breeding and it provides information about the quantum of genetic divergence and serves a platform for specific breeding objectives. Genetic diversity is a particular concern because greater genetic uniformity in silkworm can increase vulnerability to pests and diseases. Hence maintenance of genetic diversity is a fundamental component in long term management strategies for genetic improvement of silkworm which is cultivated by millions of people around the worlds for its lustrous silk. In view of the present study, genetic diversity studies carried out in silkworm using divergent methods (Quantitative traits, biochemical and molecular markers) and present level of diversity, pertaining to the literature has been reviewed. Genetic diversity is the genetic variation within species, both among geographically separated populations and among individuals within a single population. Genetic diversity is an essential aspect in c...
ABSTRACT Background/objectivesTASKI Protasan (TP) and Combatan (TC) are commercially available me... more ABSTRACT Background/objectivesTASKI Protasan (TP) and Combatan (TC) are commercially available medically important compounds with Benzalkonium chloride (BC) as one of the components. BC is used as a common preservative in ophthalmic solutions and disinfectant in health centers and food processing industries. Hence, they were considered in the present study to examine its toxicity and biological effects on Bombyx mori and baculovirus.MethodsTP and TC administered through diet and topical to fifth instar larvae. The toxicity was measured based on the larval mortality and their competency preventing cross-infection of NPV (Nucleopolyhedrovirus) based on larval survivability and cocoon production.ResultsIt was evident from the data that 0.1% TC induced less toxicity in silkworm, hence 1, 0.5 and 0.1% for oral and 1, 3 and 5% for topical applications were considered in the subsequent investigation. Interestingly, while 1% of TP and TC orally administered induced 100% mortality, 0.1% of TC exhibited 75.33% mortality. Further, TP and TC rather inhibit NPV infection, but abate the larvae, which eventually yielded more mortality in all the treatments than control (14.66%) and NPV control (68%). The radical changes in average cocoon weight; shell weight and shell ratio endorsed the toxicity effects of TP and TC. Topical application of TP and TC not only exhibited significant decrease in larval mortality but also yielded 1.067 and 1.064 g of cocoon against 1.022 g in control preventing cross-infection of baculovirus.ConclusionsTP and TC have shown high toxic effect through oral application and positive impact with topical application. Thus we suggest the possible use of TP and TC as potent disinfectant in food processing industry and health centers wherein hygiene is of prime importance.
Recent trend in the sericulture industry is introduction of single or double bivoltine hybrids of... more Recent trend in the sericulture industry is introduction of single or double bivoltine hybrids of the silkworm, Bombyx mori for commercial exploitation. Towards this, CSR breeds were suggested to rear in the field but their performance and success in all the seasons is a limiting factor. Hence, foundation combinations like FC1 and FC2 that represents a bivoltine hybrid origin have been used as male parent to cross with multivoltines for production of F1 hybrids. In view of this practical limitations and commercial interest, we have selected FC2 as experimental material to examine its tolerance to fluctuated environmental condition at the field. Different instars larvae were exposed to heat shock (HS) temperatures of 35 and 45°C for 2 h with 2 h recovery period. All the HS induced larvae were reared along with control in natural environmental condition. Interestingly, 45°C was determined as lethal temperature due to induction of more than 75% mortality in all the instars. Correspondi...
A comparative analysis of protein extracted from different regions of silk glands in the Bombyx m... more A comparative analysis of protein extracted from different regions of silk glands in the Bombyx mori L. and Philosamia ricini Hutt was performed employing single-dimensional-electrophoresis technique. Notably, a protein extracted directly from the lumen of the middle silk gland yielded two discrete protein bands with molecular mass of 325 and 26 kDa representing fibroin heavy (H) and low (L) chains than whole silk gland of B. mori. Contrastingly, such differentiation in protein separation could not be achieved due to undifferentiated regions of silk gland in P. ricini. Interestingly, copious amount of proteins with different molecular weight were noticed in the whole silk gland of B. mori and P. ricini, whose functional properties in the silk gland remain enigmatic. Thus, middle and whole silk glands of B. mori shall be an ideal source for the extraction of fibroin and sericin respectively as potent bio-materials for biotechnological and biomedical applications.
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Papers by Muzafar Ahmad Bhat