“Universal Library of Arts and Humanities”, Ontario, 2024, Vol 1, Iss. 2, p. 11., 2024
This research paper addresses the problem of depriving serious criminals of their financial power... more This research paper addresses the problem of depriving serious criminals of their financial powers to commit further criminal activities. It is focused on the confiscation of their unjustified wealth deposited abroad. The difficulties to achieve this result and the possibilities to overcome them are explained.
This paper explores special investigative techniques as sources of admissible evidence, especiall... more This paper explores special investigative techniques as sources of admissible evidence, especially in complex criminal proceedings. Nowadays, such techniques produce admissible evidence in many countries under their national laws. Their laws provide for the conversion of information acquired by special investigative techniques into documentary evidence admissible in court. Thus, contemporary law introduced a new investigative means of obtaining admissible evidence and laid the foundations of its subsequent transfer across the border with preserved admissibility in the receiving country. Now in Somalia, only Articles 11-13 of the Puntland Anti-piracy Law regulate the deployment of special investigative techniques as sources of admissible evidence. However, the entire country needs such a legal framework, especially for the collection of admissible evidence of organized crime (including piracy) acts, terrorism, corruption and other major crime. This paper aims at assisting the legislative efforts of Somali authorities in the creation of an efficient legal framework for special investigative techniques, which also guarantees the rights of the persons involved.
Summary is paper identi es gaps in the legal framework for con scation of cri- me-related propert... more Summary is paper identi es gaps in the legal framework for con scation of cri- me-related properties in Bosnia and Herzegovina. It contains legisla- tive proposals to make con scation procedures in the country more e cient. Particular attention is paid to the Republika Srpska Criminal Assets Recovery Act as the earliest and most used legal instrument in Bosnia and Herzegovina.
Videoconferencing in Criminal Proceedings (Opportunities for Somaliland Criminal Cases), Aug 12, 2020
Videoconferencing in Criminal Proceedings (Opportunities for Somaliland Criminal Cases), in “Inte... more Videoconferencing in Criminal Proceedings (Opportunities for Somaliland Criminal Cases), in “International Academic Journal of Education & Literature”, ISSN 2708-5120, Kenya, Aug-2020, Vol. 1, Iss. 3, p. 96.
The criminal justice principle of immediacy requires the physical
appearance of defendants, their lawyers, witnesses and interpreters before the
judicial body (investigator, prosecutor, and court panel) which carries out their
examination. This is why, in many proceedings, they normally appear in person
before the examiner. In response to the COVID-19 outbreak, however, many
foreign judiciaries are increasing reliance instead on alternatives such as the
telephone- and video-conferencing. To this end, they have to develop an
appropriate legal framework for using these means of communication in criminal
cases. Their legislative experience might be a good example for the competent
authorities of Somaliland.
Recognition and enforcement of foreign criminal judgments under Ukrainian law, 2022
This paper explores the domestic and international legal rules of Ukraine on
the transfer and th... more This paper explores the domestic and international legal rules of Ukraine on the transfer and the regime of execution of imprisonment punishments imposed by foreign courts. The Ukrainian Criminal Procedure Code contains the domestic legal framework for this procedure. Besides, one can find most of the Ukrainian international rules on the procedure in the issue in the European Convention on the International Validity of Criminal Judgments. Recognition and enforcement of foreign judgments are also an inherent part of the procedure for transferring sentenced persons. The administering country, accepting the transfer to execute the rest of the punishment, shall start with recognizing and enforcing the received judgment. The sentencing country’s law applies to the execution of the imposed punishment before the transfer. After the transfer, the administering country shall apply its law to the execution of the remaining part of the punishment only.
Ukraine carries out intensive judicial cooperation in criminal matters with other European countr... more Ukraine carries out intensive judicial cooperation in criminal matters with other European countries. A typical impediment to granting Ukrainian requests for such cooperation (e.g. extradition from another country, taking over Ukrainian criminal proceedings by the requested foreign country, recognition and enforcement of Ukrainian criminal judgments abroad) is the expiry of the time limitation period [lapse of time] not only under the Ukrainian law but also under the law of the foreign country that Ukraine requests for cooperation. The problem is that the criminal statute of limitations of most European countries is significantly different from the Ukrainian one. In view thereof, Ukrainian criminal lawyers are interested in having some general knowledge of the statute of limitations of other European countries, esp. such as Bulgaria. On the one hand, this foreign country has always been a steady partner of Ukraine in international judicial cooperation. On the other hand, the Bulgari...
Ukraine carries out intensive judicial cooperation in criminal matters with other European countr... more Ukraine carries out intensive judicial cooperation in criminal matters with other European countries. A typical impediment to granting Ukrainian requests for such cooperation (e.g. extradition from another country, taking over Ukrainian criminal proceedings by the requested foreign country, recognition and enforcement of Ukrainian criminal judgments abroad) is the expiry of the time limitation period [lapse of time] not only under the Ukrainian law but also under the law of the foreign country that Ukraine requests for cooperation. The problem is that the criminal statute of limitations of most European countries is significantly different from the Ukrainian one. In view thereof, Ukrainian criminal lawyers are interested in having some general knowledge of the statute of limitations of other European countries, esp. such as Bulgaria. On the one hand, this foreign country has always been a steady partner of Ukraine in international judicial cooperation. On the other hand, the Bulgarian statute of limitations constitutes a good example of the different type of legal framework for lapse of time that requesting Ukrainian authorities shall necessarily consider.
Ukraine carries out intensive judicial cooperation in criminal matters with other European countr... more Ukraine carries out intensive judicial cooperation in criminal matters with other European countries. A typical impediment to granting Ukrainian requests for such cooperation (e.g. extradition from another country, taking over Ukrainian criminal proceedings by the requested foreign country, recognition and enforcement of Ukrainian criminal judgments abroad) is the expiry of the time limitation period [lapse of time] not only under the Ukrainian law but also under the law of the foreign country that Ukraine requests for cooperation.
Makale, uluslararasi yargisal isbirligi konusunda ic hukuk kurallari ve uluslararasi anlasmalar a... more Makale, uluslararasi yargisal isbirligi konusunda ic hukuk kurallari ve uluslararasi anlasmalar arasinda catisma olmasi durumunda hangisinin uygulanma kabiliyeti olduguna deginmektedir. Ic hukuk, tamamlayici olup uluslararasi sozlesmelerin hukumlerinin yorumlanmasi ve tamamlanmasinda uluslararasi hukuki isbirliginin duzenleyicisi olarak yeri doldurulamaz bir rol oynamaktadir. Uluslararasi hukuk sisteminde, anlasmalarin hiyerarsisi (cok tarafli sozlesmeler, ikili anlasmalar) taninmakta ve kabul edilmektedir. Bunlarin hiyerarsileri yasal hukumler (sekli hiyerarsi) tarafindan belirlenir veya bazi uygun secimler (esas iliskin hiyerarsi) sonucunda ortaya cikabilir.
Quick Response Code Abstract: There are many cases when an intended crime was not accomplished. N... more Quick Response Code Abstract: There are many cases when an intended crime was not accomplished. Nevertheless, the undertaken activity might often be relevant to penal law. For the purposes of earlier protection of targeted values, it may also entail criminal liability of the actor. In some situations, this actor is allowed to exempt himself from such a liability by performing a specific positive posterior behaviour. The exemption is effected on the basis of specific stimulation provisions.
Summary is paper identi es gaps in the legal framework for con scation of cri- me-related propert... more Summary is paper identi es gaps in the legal framework for con scation of cri- me-related properties in Bosnia and Herzegovina. It contains legisla- tive proposals to make con scation procedures in the country more e cient. Particular attention is paid to the Republika Srpska Criminal Assets Recovery Act as the earliest and most used legal instrument in Bosnia and Herzegovina.
The Penal Code of the Somali Democratic Republic [PC] was approved by Legislative Decree in Decem... more The Penal Code of the Somali Democratic Republic [PC] was approved by Legislative Decree in December 1962, but came into force on 3 April 1964 when it replaced the 1930 Italian Code, then applicable in Somalia, and the Indian Penal Code of 1860, which was applied in Somaliland. This PC has been in force for almost 60 years. Over this period of time, significant changes occurred. Penal law theory made remarkable progress. Also, new crimes and complex forms of criminal activities appeared. In response, the international community recommended and many foreign countries introduced a number of new penal provisions to oppose them. The current situation dictates modernization of the Somali PC as well. It is expected to remain the main legal instrument in fighting crime. The de-codification policy, which has been followed lately, should not be encouraged as it is likely to create difficulties to both lawmaking and application of the law. The innovation of the Somali penal law through specia...
“Universal Library of Arts and Humanities”, Ontario, 2024, Vol 1, Iss. 2, p. 11., 2024
This research paper addresses the problem of depriving serious criminals of their financial power... more This research paper addresses the problem of depriving serious criminals of their financial powers to commit further criminal activities. It is focused on the confiscation of their unjustified wealth deposited abroad. The difficulties to achieve this result and the possibilities to overcome them are explained.
This paper explores special investigative techniques as sources of admissible evidence, especiall... more This paper explores special investigative techniques as sources of admissible evidence, especially in complex criminal proceedings. Nowadays, such techniques produce admissible evidence in many countries under their national laws. Their laws provide for the conversion of information acquired by special investigative techniques into documentary evidence admissible in court. Thus, contemporary law introduced a new investigative means of obtaining admissible evidence and laid the foundations of its subsequent transfer across the border with preserved admissibility in the receiving country. Now in Somalia, only Articles 11-13 of the Puntland Anti-piracy Law regulate the deployment of special investigative techniques as sources of admissible evidence. However, the entire country needs such a legal framework, especially for the collection of admissible evidence of organized crime (including piracy) acts, terrorism, corruption and other major crime. This paper aims at assisting the legislative efforts of Somali authorities in the creation of an efficient legal framework for special investigative techniques, which also guarantees the rights of the persons involved.
Summary is paper identi es gaps in the legal framework for con scation of cri- me-related propert... more Summary is paper identi es gaps in the legal framework for con scation of cri- me-related properties in Bosnia and Herzegovina. It contains legisla- tive proposals to make con scation procedures in the country more e cient. Particular attention is paid to the Republika Srpska Criminal Assets Recovery Act as the earliest and most used legal instrument in Bosnia and Herzegovina.
Videoconferencing in Criminal Proceedings (Opportunities for Somaliland Criminal Cases), Aug 12, 2020
Videoconferencing in Criminal Proceedings (Opportunities for Somaliland Criminal Cases), in “Inte... more Videoconferencing in Criminal Proceedings (Opportunities for Somaliland Criminal Cases), in “International Academic Journal of Education & Literature”, ISSN 2708-5120, Kenya, Aug-2020, Vol. 1, Iss. 3, p. 96.
The criminal justice principle of immediacy requires the physical
appearance of defendants, their lawyers, witnesses and interpreters before the
judicial body (investigator, prosecutor, and court panel) which carries out their
examination. This is why, in many proceedings, they normally appear in person
before the examiner. In response to the COVID-19 outbreak, however, many
foreign judiciaries are increasing reliance instead on alternatives such as the
telephone- and video-conferencing. To this end, they have to develop an
appropriate legal framework for using these means of communication in criminal
cases. Their legislative experience might be a good example for the competent
authorities of Somaliland.
Recognition and enforcement of foreign criminal judgments under Ukrainian law, 2022
This paper explores the domestic and international legal rules of Ukraine on
the transfer and th... more This paper explores the domestic and international legal rules of Ukraine on the transfer and the regime of execution of imprisonment punishments imposed by foreign courts. The Ukrainian Criminal Procedure Code contains the domestic legal framework for this procedure. Besides, one can find most of the Ukrainian international rules on the procedure in the issue in the European Convention on the International Validity of Criminal Judgments. Recognition and enforcement of foreign judgments are also an inherent part of the procedure for transferring sentenced persons. The administering country, accepting the transfer to execute the rest of the punishment, shall start with recognizing and enforcing the received judgment. The sentencing country’s law applies to the execution of the imposed punishment before the transfer. After the transfer, the administering country shall apply its law to the execution of the remaining part of the punishment only.
Ukraine carries out intensive judicial cooperation in criminal matters with other European countr... more Ukraine carries out intensive judicial cooperation in criminal matters with other European countries. A typical impediment to granting Ukrainian requests for such cooperation (e.g. extradition from another country, taking over Ukrainian criminal proceedings by the requested foreign country, recognition and enforcement of Ukrainian criminal judgments abroad) is the expiry of the time limitation period [lapse of time] not only under the Ukrainian law but also under the law of the foreign country that Ukraine requests for cooperation. The problem is that the criminal statute of limitations of most European countries is significantly different from the Ukrainian one. In view thereof, Ukrainian criminal lawyers are interested in having some general knowledge of the statute of limitations of other European countries, esp. such as Bulgaria. On the one hand, this foreign country has always been a steady partner of Ukraine in international judicial cooperation. On the other hand, the Bulgari...
Ukraine carries out intensive judicial cooperation in criminal matters with other European countr... more Ukraine carries out intensive judicial cooperation in criminal matters with other European countries. A typical impediment to granting Ukrainian requests for such cooperation (e.g. extradition from another country, taking over Ukrainian criminal proceedings by the requested foreign country, recognition and enforcement of Ukrainian criminal judgments abroad) is the expiry of the time limitation period [lapse of time] not only under the Ukrainian law but also under the law of the foreign country that Ukraine requests for cooperation. The problem is that the criminal statute of limitations of most European countries is significantly different from the Ukrainian one. In view thereof, Ukrainian criminal lawyers are interested in having some general knowledge of the statute of limitations of other European countries, esp. such as Bulgaria. On the one hand, this foreign country has always been a steady partner of Ukraine in international judicial cooperation. On the other hand, the Bulgarian statute of limitations constitutes a good example of the different type of legal framework for lapse of time that requesting Ukrainian authorities shall necessarily consider.
Ukraine carries out intensive judicial cooperation in criminal matters with other European countr... more Ukraine carries out intensive judicial cooperation in criminal matters with other European countries. A typical impediment to granting Ukrainian requests for such cooperation (e.g. extradition from another country, taking over Ukrainian criminal proceedings by the requested foreign country, recognition and enforcement of Ukrainian criminal judgments abroad) is the expiry of the time limitation period [lapse of time] not only under the Ukrainian law but also under the law of the foreign country that Ukraine requests for cooperation.
Makale, uluslararasi yargisal isbirligi konusunda ic hukuk kurallari ve uluslararasi anlasmalar a... more Makale, uluslararasi yargisal isbirligi konusunda ic hukuk kurallari ve uluslararasi anlasmalar arasinda catisma olmasi durumunda hangisinin uygulanma kabiliyeti olduguna deginmektedir. Ic hukuk, tamamlayici olup uluslararasi sozlesmelerin hukumlerinin yorumlanmasi ve tamamlanmasinda uluslararasi hukuki isbirliginin duzenleyicisi olarak yeri doldurulamaz bir rol oynamaktadir. Uluslararasi hukuk sisteminde, anlasmalarin hiyerarsisi (cok tarafli sozlesmeler, ikili anlasmalar) taninmakta ve kabul edilmektedir. Bunlarin hiyerarsileri yasal hukumler (sekli hiyerarsi) tarafindan belirlenir veya bazi uygun secimler (esas iliskin hiyerarsi) sonucunda ortaya cikabilir.
Quick Response Code Abstract: There are many cases when an intended crime was not accomplished. N... more Quick Response Code Abstract: There are many cases when an intended crime was not accomplished. Nevertheless, the undertaken activity might often be relevant to penal law. For the purposes of earlier protection of targeted values, it may also entail criminal liability of the actor. In some situations, this actor is allowed to exempt himself from such a liability by performing a specific positive posterior behaviour. The exemption is effected on the basis of specific stimulation provisions.
Summary is paper identi es gaps in the legal framework for con scation of cri- me-related propert... more Summary is paper identi es gaps in the legal framework for con scation of cri- me-related properties in Bosnia and Herzegovina. It contains legisla- tive proposals to make con scation procedures in the country more e cient. Particular attention is paid to the Republika Srpska Criminal Assets Recovery Act as the earliest and most used legal instrument in Bosnia and Herzegovina.
The Penal Code of the Somali Democratic Republic [PC] was approved by Legislative Decree in Decem... more The Penal Code of the Somali Democratic Republic [PC] was approved by Legislative Decree in December 1962, but came into force on 3 April 1964 when it replaced the 1930 Italian Code, then applicable in Somalia, and the Indian Penal Code of 1860, which was applied in Somaliland. This PC has been in force for almost 60 years. Over this period of time, significant changes occurred. Penal law theory made remarkable progress. Also, new crimes and complex forms of criminal activities appeared. In response, the international community recommended and many foreign countries introduced a number of new penal provisions to oppose them. The current situation dictates modernization of the Somali PC as well. It is expected to remain the main legal instrument in fighting crime. The de-codification policy, which has been followed lately, should not be encouraged as it is likely to create difficulties to both lawmaking and application of the law. The innovation of the Somali penal law through specia...
Judicial Cooperation with Iraq in respect of Terrorism, Organized Crime and Other Major Crimes, I... more Judicial Cooperation with Iraq in respect of Terrorism, Organized Crime and Other Major Crimes, ISBN 978-9958-553-37-0, TDP, Sarajevo, 2017, 129 p. = Правно сътрудничество с Ирак във връзка с тероризма, организираната престъпност и други тежки престъпления (на англ. език с превод на босненски), ТДП, Сараево, 2017, 129 стр.
Anton Girginov, Head of the Judiciary Team of EUJUSTLEX for Iraq
This book is not about Iraq and ... more Anton Girginov, Head of the Judiciary Team of EUJUSTLEX for Iraq This book is not about Iraq and its criminal justice system. It does not offer any advice on improvement of the Iraqi internal organization in the area of international judicial cooperation in criminal matters with foreign countries. The book is about other countries, mainly: the countries to the north of Iraq; from Portugal in Western Europe, through the Balkans, South Caucasus and Central Asia to Russia with its Far Eastern part. It explains how Iraqi authorities should approach all the countries there in order to successfully obtain from them the extradition of some wanted person or some necessary pieces of evidence in a way to get them as valid and eventually, admissible in an Iraqi court. The book also clarifies what basically may be expected from requested countries and their criminal justice systems, in particular. It recommends ways and methods to overcome potential hurdles and resolve potential problems with foreign countries that are likely to arise in the process of international judicial cooperation in criminal matters. The book tells what to do and what not to do in some specific situations to avoid difficulties and disappointment given the specific peculiarities of the Iraqi judicial system. This book implements the 2012-13 Operational Plan of the European Union Integrated Rule of Law Mission (EUJUST LEX) for Iraq. The author is happy to help the Iraqi criminal judges, prosecutors and state officials responsible for international judicial cooperation by sharing with them the knowledge and experience that he has obtained in this specific area.
The book is in Arabic language. It explores the Iraqi legal framework for combating Trafficking i... more The book is in Arabic language. It explores the Iraqi legal framework for combating Trafficking in Persons. Some critical remarks and legislative proposals are made. The book was written in coauthorship with the Swedish lawyer Margareta Krook.
Outgoing Requests by Bosnia and Herzegovina for International Judicial Cooperation in Criminal Ma... more Outgoing Requests by Bosnia and Herzegovina for International Judicial Cooperation in Criminal Matters, ISBN 978-9958-553-31-8, Sarajevo, 2016. When and how to prepare petitions for provisional extradition detention, formal extradition requests, letters rogatory, international requests for confiscation of crime-related property.
International Judicial Cooperation for Somaliland, 2020
In support of the criminal justice system of Somaliland and its efforts to carry out internationa... more In support of the criminal justice system of Somaliland and its efforts to carry out international judicial cooperation in criminal matters with other countries!
This is what I did for Somalia and Somaliland when I worked there as international prosecution ad... more This is what I did for Somalia and Somaliland when I worked there as international prosecution adviser with the EUCAP-Somalia (2018-2020)
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The criminal justice principle of immediacy requires the physical
appearance of defendants, their lawyers, witnesses and interpreters before the
judicial body (investigator, prosecutor, and court panel) which carries out their
examination. This is why, in many proceedings, they normally appear in person
before the examiner. In response to the COVID-19 outbreak, however, many
foreign judiciaries are increasing reliance instead on alternatives such as the
telephone- and video-conferencing. To this end, they have to develop an
appropriate legal framework for using these means of communication in criminal
cases. Their legislative experience might be a good example for the competent
authorities of Somaliland.
the transfer and the regime of execution of imprisonment punishments imposed by foreign courts. The Ukrainian Criminal Procedure Code contains the domestic legal framework for this procedure. Besides, one can find most of the Ukrainian international rules on the procedure in the issue in the European Convention on the International Validity of Criminal Judgments.
Recognition and enforcement of foreign judgments are also an inherent part of the procedure for transferring sentenced persons. The administering country, accepting the transfer to execute the rest of the punishment, shall start with recognizing and enforcing the received judgment. The sentencing country’s law applies to the execution of the imposed punishment before the transfer. After the transfer, the administering country shall apply its law to the execution of the remaining part of the punishment only.
country, taking over Ukrainian criminal proceedings by the requested foreign country, recognition and enforcement of Ukrainian criminal judgments abroad) is the expiry of the time limitation period [lapse
of time] not only under the Ukrainian law but also under the law of the foreign country that Ukraine requests for cooperation.
The problem is that the criminal statute of limitations of most European countries is significantly different from the Ukrainian one. In view thereof, Ukrainian criminal lawyers are interested in having some general knowledge of the statute of limitations of other European countries, esp. such as Bulgaria. On the one hand, this foreign country has always been a steady partner of Ukraine in international judicial cooperation. On the other hand, the Bulgarian statute of limitations constitutes a good example of the different type of legal framework for lapse of time that requesting Ukrainian authorities shall necessarily consider.
country, taking over Ukrainian criminal proceedings by the requested foreign country, recognition and enforcement of Ukrainian criminal judgments abroad) is the expiry of the time limitation period [lapse
of time] not only under the Ukrainian law but also under the law of the foreign country that Ukraine requests for cooperation.
The criminal justice principle of immediacy requires the physical
appearance of defendants, their lawyers, witnesses and interpreters before the
judicial body (investigator, prosecutor, and court panel) which carries out their
examination. This is why, in many proceedings, they normally appear in person
before the examiner. In response to the COVID-19 outbreak, however, many
foreign judiciaries are increasing reliance instead on alternatives such as the
telephone- and video-conferencing. To this end, they have to develop an
appropriate legal framework for using these means of communication in criminal
cases. Their legislative experience might be a good example for the competent
authorities of Somaliland.
the transfer and the regime of execution of imprisonment punishments imposed by foreign courts. The Ukrainian Criminal Procedure Code contains the domestic legal framework for this procedure. Besides, one can find most of the Ukrainian international rules on the procedure in the issue in the European Convention on the International Validity of Criminal Judgments.
Recognition and enforcement of foreign judgments are also an inherent part of the procedure for transferring sentenced persons. The administering country, accepting the transfer to execute the rest of the punishment, shall start with recognizing and enforcing the received judgment. The sentencing country’s law applies to the execution of the imposed punishment before the transfer. After the transfer, the administering country shall apply its law to the execution of the remaining part of the punishment only.
country, taking over Ukrainian criminal proceedings by the requested foreign country, recognition and enforcement of Ukrainian criminal judgments abroad) is the expiry of the time limitation period [lapse
of time] not only under the Ukrainian law but also under the law of the foreign country that Ukraine requests for cooperation.
The problem is that the criminal statute of limitations of most European countries is significantly different from the Ukrainian one. In view thereof, Ukrainian criminal lawyers are interested in having some general knowledge of the statute of limitations of other European countries, esp. such as Bulgaria. On the one hand, this foreign country has always been a steady partner of Ukraine in international judicial cooperation. On the other hand, the Bulgarian statute of limitations constitutes a good example of the different type of legal framework for lapse of time that requesting Ukrainian authorities shall necessarily consider.
country, taking over Ukrainian criminal proceedings by the requested foreign country, recognition and enforcement of Ukrainian criminal judgments abroad) is the expiry of the time limitation period [lapse
of time] not only under the Ukrainian law but also under the law of the foreign country that Ukraine requests for cooperation.
This book is not about Iraq and its criminal justice system. It does not offer any advice on improvement of the Iraqi internal organization in the area of international judicial cooperation in criminal matters with foreign countries.
The book is about other countries, mainly: the countries to the north of Iraq; from Portugal in Western Europe, through the Balkans, South Caucasus and Central Asia to Russia with its Far Eastern part. It explains how Iraqi authorities should approach all the countries there in order to successfully obtain from them the extradition of some wanted person or some necessary pieces of evidence in a way to get them as valid and eventually, admissible in an Iraqi court. The book also clarifies what basically may be expected from requested countries and their criminal justice systems, in particular. It recommends ways and methods to overcome potential hurdles and resolve potential problems with foreign countries that are likely to arise in the process of international judicial cooperation in criminal matters. The book tells what to do and what not to do in some specific situations to avoid difficulties and disappointment given the specific peculiarities of the Iraqi judicial system.
This book implements the 2012-13 Operational Plan of the European Union Integrated Rule of Law Mission (EUJUST LEX) for Iraq. The author is happy to help the Iraqi criminal judges, prosecutors and state officials responsible for international judicial cooperation by sharing with them the knowledge and experience that he has obtained in this specific area.