90-94The white and yellow varieties of maize (Zea mays Linn.), millet [Pennisetum typhoides (Burm... more 90-94The white and yellow varieties of maize (Zea mays Linn.), millet [Pennisetum typhoides (Burm.f.) Stapf & C.E. Hubbard] and sorghum [Sorghum bicolor(Linn.) Moench] were used to produce durable and storable dry powders using a fluidized drying technique at 70°C for 40 minutes. The powders were blended with fruit extracts essentially to provide flavours. Microbial counts of the powders indicated presence of scanty growth of non-pathogenic colonies and these were significantly lower than data obtained for locally prepared wet pastes. The proximate composition of the dry powdery products obtained from the cereals did not change significantly after a shelf-life of 12 months. The relative advantages of the products over the wet pastes are discussed
Preliminary studies on the phytochemistry and efficacy of extracts of the bark of Spondias mombin... more Preliminary studies on the phytochemistry and efficacy of extracts of the bark of Spondias mombin l. on induced cancer in rats. Ann Biomed Sci 2002;1:100-110. Phytochemistry of Spondias mombin bark, a known anti –tumour plant used traditionally, revealed the presence of alkaloids, saponins, tannins, phenolic compound and eugenol. The efficacy of the plant material tested on induced cancer in rats showed significant recovery using water extract treatment when compared with alcohol extract treatment. The alcohol extract treatment and the test control conferred no significant recovery on the rats. The test control rats (fed with carcinogenic Cycas revoluta) had reduced food intake, hyperplastic nodules, weight loss, hair loss and reduced agility. Histopathology of tissue sections particularly of colon, liver, heart, small intestine and lungs also showed significant recovery following water extract treatment, compared to alcohol extract. However, observations on kidney and eye sections showed no significant difference (P >0.05). Significant differences (P Keywords : Phytochemistry, Efficacy of Spondias mombin, Cancer, Rats Annals of Biomedical Science Vol. 1 (2) 2002: pp. 100-110
Nigerian Journal of Life Sciences (ISSN: 2276-7029)
Zanthozylum zanthozyloides a common component of the rain forest vegetation is used as a chewing ... more Zanthozylum zanthozyloides a common component of the rain forest vegetation is used as a chewing stick. It is known for its antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, antisickling, antibacterial, antiviral, antihepatoxicity, antiallegic, antitumor and antihypertensive properties. Phytochemicals present include Saponins, Tannins, Phenols, Cardiac glycoside, Flavonoids, Anthracene and Alkaloids. The aqueous extracts of the root bark and root wood are bactericidal and fungicidal against selected clinical microorganisms such as Staphylococcus epidermidis, Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Aspergillus niger, Candida albicans and Rhizopus oryzae. Of all the tested microorganisms Proteus mirabilis was the most sensitive to the root wood extract of Z. zanthozyloides at the concentration of 100mg/ml (18.00 mm), while the least sensitive microorganism was K. pneumoniae at concentration of 12.5mg/ml (1.67 mm). S. epidermidis showed the highest sensitivity of 19.67 mm (100mg/ml...
Nigerian Journal of Natural Products and Medicine, 2020
Sickle cell disorder is a genetic ailment with enormous social and economic burden for patients a... more Sickle cell disorder is a genetic ailment with enormous social and economic burden for patients and caregivers. The most promising management apart from being expensive particularly for poor African people, faces some major incompatibility problems. The patients consequently rely on herbal therapy which could be prepared in single or combination forms to manage the painful episodes and its complications. This present study aimed to formulate polyherbal combination and evaluate three purposively selected plants previously reported for their antisickling activities. The polyherbal products were formulated using both aqueous and 70% ethanol extracts into different combinational ratio with the best in 1:1:1 and evaluated for its antisickling activity. The antisickling activity involved both the inhibitory and reversal effects at varying concentrations from 1.0 mg/ml to 6.0 mg/ml using ciklavit as the positive control. The best inhibitory activity was found in ethanol extract of Piper gu...
Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management, 2021
The study accessed the lipid ratios in preeclamptic Wistar rats exposed to methanolic leaf extrac... more The study accessed the lipid ratios in preeclamptic Wistar rats exposed to methanolic leaf extracts of Jatropha cacus, Alchonnea cordifolia, and Secamone afzelii. Plant samples (leaves) were washed severally with distilled water, air-dried, and crushed to powder and were filtered, then soaked in 200ml of methanol for 12 hours. The LD50 was determined to ascertain the safety of the plant extracts for use. Female Wistar rats, aged 3 days apart, used in the study, were acclimatized for one week. Peeclampsia was induced used the Adriamycin Model. Results showed that there was elevation of blood pressure (bp) due to preeclampsia. At 3rd trimester, systolic bp (177 mmHg) was higher than at postpartum (160 mmHg). The administration of plant extracts caused a significant reduction in systolic (127 – 150 mmHg) and diastolic (86 – 103 mmHg) bp during the 3rd trimester. Proteinuria was reduced to trace levels when Alchonnea cordifolia was used. Total cholesterol levels were higher in the thir...
Histomorphological investigations were carried out on six taxa of the family Fabaceae: Tamarindus... more Histomorphological investigations were carried out on six taxa of the family Fabaceae: Tamarindus indica, Danielia oliveri, Afzelia africana, Piliostigma reticulatum and Detarium microcarpum. The parameters investigated include variations in their density, vessel, fibre, ray, parenchyma and tracheid. Based on their density, the economic potential of the timber are suggested. Fibre/vessel ratios are used for accessing the degree of specialization of the species studied. Keywords: variations, density, economic potential Resume Des recherches histomorphologiques ont ete conduites sur cinq taxons de la famille des Fabacee: Tamarindus indica, Danielia oliveri , Afzelia africana, Piliostigma reticulatum et Detarium microcarpum. Les parametres etudies incluent les variations dans la densite des taxons, les vaisseaux, les fibres, les rayons, le parenchyme et les trachees. Sur base de la densite, on fait des suggestions sur le potentiel economique de leur bois. Des rapports fibres/vaisseaux ...
Physostigma venenosum Balf., known as Calabar beans (Fabaceae family) is a very poisonous plant w... more Physostigma venenosum Balf., known as Calabar beans (Fabaceae family) is a very poisonous plant with reported therapeutic properties. Many studies have shown its use in medicine for eye problems, glaucoma, constipation, epilepsy, cholera, hypertension and tetanus. In this study, quantitative phytochemistry, proximate analysis and mineral constituents of the ethanol extracts of Physostigma venenosum seeds were investigated using standard analytical chemical procedures. Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of secondary metabolites like alkaloids, saponins, tannins, oxalate and phytate with their corresponding values as 96.11, 1.08, 2.16, 36.56 and 12.8 mg/100g respectively. Proximate analysis was carried out to determine the nutrient contents of the sample. The results revealed the following data: crude lipid (3.21 %), crude fibre (4.08 %), crude protein (70.88 %), ash (6.04 %) and carbohydrate (13.85 %). Various minerals were present with high concentrations of sodium, calciu...
The success of in vitro culture techniques is always hampered by microbial contamination. The pre... more The success of in vitro culture techniques is always hampered by microbial contamination. The present study was carried out to develop an efficient protocol for date palm explants sterilization for successful somatic embryos induction and plantlets formation of some date palm varieties. The shoot tips were treated with different sterilizing agents at different concentrations and durations of exposure. The use of ethanol (70%), sodium hypochlorite (3.5% & 70%) and mercuric chloride (0.2%) with or without addition of Tween-20 had different effects on decontamination of the date palm explants. The percentage of explants contaminated with bacteria for sterilants 1, 2 and 4 was 18.8%, 6.3% and 6.3% respectively while 25%, 37.5%, 31.25% and 6.25% were contaminated with fungi for sterilants 1, 2, 3 and 4 respectively. Under the conditions used, a combination of antioxidants (Citric and Ascorbic acids at 100mg/l), 0.2% mercuric chloride and 3.5% sodium hypochlorite solution with 3 drops/100...
This research on Kigelia africana was conducted in order to ascertain its ability to relax excite... more This research on Kigelia africana was conducted in order to ascertain its ability to relax excited vascular smooth muscle in rat aorta. Preliminary investigation on whether the plant exhibits antihypertensive property was done before the evaluation of in vitro vasorelaxant effect. The vasorelaxant activity was determined using in vitro method on rat aorta with the aid of perfusion apparatus with a detachable organ bath. The administration of potassium chloride (KCl) raised the tension from 1.0 to 1.31 indicating that the aorta got to its peak of contraction. At 10 and 20mg/kg, the tension dropped significantly, showing relaxation of the smooth muscle while at 5mg/kg, drop in tension was insignificant at p˂0.05. However, at some of the doses, towards the end of experiment, there was steady resurge in tension showing that the aorta resumed contraction. On the application of phenylephrine (PE), the tension rose to 1.18g. On administration of the extract, the tension dropped slightly sh...
Nociceptive pain is a sensational discomfort that is usually associated with injury or illness fo... more Nociceptive pain is a sensational discomfort that is usually associated with injury or illness found affecting the body either internally or externally. Crossopteryx febrifuga is one of the medicinal plants which are locally used in the management of pain especially in the North Central Region of Nigeria. Many conventional drugs which are being applied in managing pain aside being not affordable and readily accessible by the majority of people at rural areas have one side effect or the other. Therefore, this research was conducted to evaluate the potentiality of aqueous extract of C. febrifuga in alleviating pain in Wistar rats. The study was carried out using acetic acid induced writhing and Edson hot plate methods. On acetic acid induced pain, the aqueous extract at 50 and 100 mg/kg inhibited pain significantly by reducing the number of writhing by average of 3.9 per minute while at 200 mg/kg, the extract reduced pain by reducing the number of writhing by average of 4.2 per minute...
90-94The white and yellow varieties of maize (Zea mays Linn.), millet [Pennisetum typhoides (Burm... more 90-94The white and yellow varieties of maize (Zea mays Linn.), millet [Pennisetum typhoides (Burm.f.) Stapf & C.E. Hubbard] and sorghum [Sorghum bicolor(Linn.) Moench] were used to produce durable and storable dry powders using a fluidized drying technique at 70°C for 40 minutes. The powders were blended with fruit extracts essentially to provide flavours. Microbial counts of the powders indicated presence of scanty growth of non-pathogenic colonies and these were significantly lower than data obtained for locally prepared wet pastes. The proximate composition of the dry powdery products obtained from the cereals did not change significantly after a shelf-life of 12 months. The relative advantages of the products over the wet pastes are discussed
Preliminary studies on the phytochemistry and efficacy of extracts of the bark of Spondias mombin... more Preliminary studies on the phytochemistry and efficacy of extracts of the bark of Spondias mombin l. on induced cancer in rats. Ann Biomed Sci 2002;1:100-110. Phytochemistry of Spondias mombin bark, a known anti –tumour plant used traditionally, revealed the presence of alkaloids, saponins, tannins, phenolic compound and eugenol. The efficacy of the plant material tested on induced cancer in rats showed significant recovery using water extract treatment when compared with alcohol extract treatment. The alcohol extract treatment and the test control conferred no significant recovery on the rats. The test control rats (fed with carcinogenic Cycas revoluta) had reduced food intake, hyperplastic nodules, weight loss, hair loss and reduced agility. Histopathology of tissue sections particularly of colon, liver, heart, small intestine and lungs also showed significant recovery following water extract treatment, compared to alcohol extract. However, observations on kidney and eye sections showed no significant difference (P >0.05). Significant differences (P Keywords : Phytochemistry, Efficacy of Spondias mombin, Cancer, Rats Annals of Biomedical Science Vol. 1 (2) 2002: pp. 100-110
Nigerian Journal of Life Sciences (ISSN: 2276-7029)
Zanthozylum zanthozyloides a common component of the rain forest vegetation is used as a chewing ... more Zanthozylum zanthozyloides a common component of the rain forest vegetation is used as a chewing stick. It is known for its antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, antisickling, antibacterial, antiviral, antihepatoxicity, antiallegic, antitumor and antihypertensive properties. Phytochemicals present include Saponins, Tannins, Phenols, Cardiac glycoside, Flavonoids, Anthracene and Alkaloids. The aqueous extracts of the root bark and root wood are bactericidal and fungicidal against selected clinical microorganisms such as Staphylococcus epidermidis, Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Aspergillus niger, Candida albicans and Rhizopus oryzae. Of all the tested microorganisms Proteus mirabilis was the most sensitive to the root wood extract of Z. zanthozyloides at the concentration of 100mg/ml (18.00 mm), while the least sensitive microorganism was K. pneumoniae at concentration of 12.5mg/ml (1.67 mm). S. epidermidis showed the highest sensitivity of 19.67 mm (100mg/ml...
Nigerian Journal of Natural Products and Medicine, 2020
Sickle cell disorder is a genetic ailment with enormous social and economic burden for patients a... more Sickle cell disorder is a genetic ailment with enormous social and economic burden for patients and caregivers. The most promising management apart from being expensive particularly for poor African people, faces some major incompatibility problems. The patients consequently rely on herbal therapy which could be prepared in single or combination forms to manage the painful episodes and its complications. This present study aimed to formulate polyherbal combination and evaluate three purposively selected plants previously reported for their antisickling activities. The polyherbal products were formulated using both aqueous and 70% ethanol extracts into different combinational ratio with the best in 1:1:1 and evaluated for its antisickling activity. The antisickling activity involved both the inhibitory and reversal effects at varying concentrations from 1.0 mg/ml to 6.0 mg/ml using ciklavit as the positive control. The best inhibitory activity was found in ethanol extract of Piper gu...
Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management, 2021
The study accessed the lipid ratios in preeclamptic Wistar rats exposed to methanolic leaf extrac... more The study accessed the lipid ratios in preeclamptic Wistar rats exposed to methanolic leaf extracts of Jatropha cacus, Alchonnea cordifolia, and Secamone afzelii. Plant samples (leaves) were washed severally with distilled water, air-dried, and crushed to powder and were filtered, then soaked in 200ml of methanol for 12 hours. The LD50 was determined to ascertain the safety of the plant extracts for use. Female Wistar rats, aged 3 days apart, used in the study, were acclimatized for one week. Peeclampsia was induced used the Adriamycin Model. Results showed that there was elevation of blood pressure (bp) due to preeclampsia. At 3rd trimester, systolic bp (177 mmHg) was higher than at postpartum (160 mmHg). The administration of plant extracts caused a significant reduction in systolic (127 – 150 mmHg) and diastolic (86 – 103 mmHg) bp during the 3rd trimester. Proteinuria was reduced to trace levels when Alchonnea cordifolia was used. Total cholesterol levels were higher in the thir...
Histomorphological investigations were carried out on six taxa of the family Fabaceae: Tamarindus... more Histomorphological investigations were carried out on six taxa of the family Fabaceae: Tamarindus indica, Danielia oliveri, Afzelia africana, Piliostigma reticulatum and Detarium microcarpum. The parameters investigated include variations in their density, vessel, fibre, ray, parenchyma and tracheid. Based on their density, the economic potential of the timber are suggested. Fibre/vessel ratios are used for accessing the degree of specialization of the species studied. Keywords: variations, density, economic potential Resume Des recherches histomorphologiques ont ete conduites sur cinq taxons de la famille des Fabacee: Tamarindus indica, Danielia oliveri , Afzelia africana, Piliostigma reticulatum et Detarium microcarpum. Les parametres etudies incluent les variations dans la densite des taxons, les vaisseaux, les fibres, les rayons, le parenchyme et les trachees. Sur base de la densite, on fait des suggestions sur le potentiel economique de leur bois. Des rapports fibres/vaisseaux ...
Physostigma venenosum Balf., known as Calabar beans (Fabaceae family) is a very poisonous plant w... more Physostigma venenosum Balf., known as Calabar beans (Fabaceae family) is a very poisonous plant with reported therapeutic properties. Many studies have shown its use in medicine for eye problems, glaucoma, constipation, epilepsy, cholera, hypertension and tetanus. In this study, quantitative phytochemistry, proximate analysis and mineral constituents of the ethanol extracts of Physostigma venenosum seeds were investigated using standard analytical chemical procedures. Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of secondary metabolites like alkaloids, saponins, tannins, oxalate and phytate with their corresponding values as 96.11, 1.08, 2.16, 36.56 and 12.8 mg/100g respectively. Proximate analysis was carried out to determine the nutrient contents of the sample. The results revealed the following data: crude lipid (3.21 %), crude fibre (4.08 %), crude protein (70.88 %), ash (6.04 %) and carbohydrate (13.85 %). Various minerals were present with high concentrations of sodium, calciu...
The success of in vitro culture techniques is always hampered by microbial contamination. The pre... more The success of in vitro culture techniques is always hampered by microbial contamination. The present study was carried out to develop an efficient protocol for date palm explants sterilization for successful somatic embryos induction and plantlets formation of some date palm varieties. The shoot tips were treated with different sterilizing agents at different concentrations and durations of exposure. The use of ethanol (70%), sodium hypochlorite (3.5% & 70%) and mercuric chloride (0.2%) with or without addition of Tween-20 had different effects on decontamination of the date palm explants. The percentage of explants contaminated with bacteria for sterilants 1, 2 and 4 was 18.8%, 6.3% and 6.3% respectively while 25%, 37.5%, 31.25% and 6.25% were contaminated with fungi for sterilants 1, 2, 3 and 4 respectively. Under the conditions used, a combination of antioxidants (Citric and Ascorbic acids at 100mg/l), 0.2% mercuric chloride and 3.5% sodium hypochlorite solution with 3 drops/100...
This research on Kigelia africana was conducted in order to ascertain its ability to relax excite... more This research on Kigelia africana was conducted in order to ascertain its ability to relax excited vascular smooth muscle in rat aorta. Preliminary investigation on whether the plant exhibits antihypertensive property was done before the evaluation of in vitro vasorelaxant effect. The vasorelaxant activity was determined using in vitro method on rat aorta with the aid of perfusion apparatus with a detachable organ bath. The administration of potassium chloride (KCl) raised the tension from 1.0 to 1.31 indicating that the aorta got to its peak of contraction. At 10 and 20mg/kg, the tension dropped significantly, showing relaxation of the smooth muscle while at 5mg/kg, drop in tension was insignificant at p˂0.05. However, at some of the doses, towards the end of experiment, there was steady resurge in tension showing that the aorta resumed contraction. On the application of phenylephrine (PE), the tension rose to 1.18g. On administration of the extract, the tension dropped slightly sh...
Nociceptive pain is a sensational discomfort that is usually associated with injury or illness fo... more Nociceptive pain is a sensational discomfort that is usually associated with injury or illness found affecting the body either internally or externally. Crossopteryx febrifuga is one of the medicinal plants which are locally used in the management of pain especially in the North Central Region of Nigeria. Many conventional drugs which are being applied in managing pain aside being not affordable and readily accessible by the majority of people at rural areas have one side effect or the other. Therefore, this research was conducted to evaluate the potentiality of aqueous extract of C. febrifuga in alleviating pain in Wistar rats. The study was carried out using acetic acid induced writhing and Edson hot plate methods. On acetic acid induced pain, the aqueous extract at 50 and 100 mg/kg inhibited pain significantly by reducing the number of writhing by average of 3.9 per minute while at 200 mg/kg, the extract reduced pain by reducing the number of writhing by average of 4.2 per minute...
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