The article deals with the long-term history of industry in Italy and is based on data on the lab... more The article deals with the long-term history of industry in Italy and is based on data on the labour force per province from population censuses. Particular attention is devoted to disparities in industrialisation between North and South. After the analysis of trends from 1871 until 2001, concentration and spread of industry, importance of the South-North disparity within national disparities among provinces, we test the role of the access to markets on the geographic spread of the Italian industry. Our results are that access to markets and geography played a main role in the formation of Italian inequalities during the phase of industrial development.
Early childhood represents a critical period for the formation of cognitive and non-cognitive ski... more Early childhood represents a critical period for the formation of cognitive and non-cognitive skills. These skills influence academic achievements of students and lead to diverse social and economic outcomes. It is widely recognized how investment in early childhood, and especially in helping disadvantaged children and families, has a high social rate of return. This paper reviews the literature on the theme, focusing on Italy. Data show how Italy is characterized by profound North-South disparities regarding childcare services, poverty incidence and students achievements. It is proposed that investments in childhood services and education, improving human capital formation, would have a positive effect on regional development.
In Italy, both at the regional and sub-regional levels, labour productivity and average wages are... more In Italy, both at the regional and sub-regional levels, labour productivity and average wages are strongly correlated. Overall, in industry and services, the gap (about 30%) in productivity between Southern and Central-Northern regions is almost offset by that in the average wage: unit labour costs are similar. Since, in Italy, in each sector, nominal wages are set through national collective agreements – and therefore are the same throughout the country – regional differences in wage per employee depend solely on the composition of the occupational structures. The small difference in the unit labour cost suggests that also the North–South disparity in labour productivity is largely due to the characteristics of the respective productive structures. Across Italian regions, average wages and price levels are positively correlated. Spatial price differentials mainly depend on the prices of services and housing. In turn, prices influence regional nominal productivity in sectors produci...
... Censimento 31 dicembre 1871; e Vitali, Aspetti dello sviluppo econ-omico italiano alla luce d... more ... Censimento 31 dicembre 1871; e Vitali, Aspetti dello sviluppo econ-omico italiano alla luce della ricostruzione della popolazione attiva ... 21 Si vedano Federico, Ma l'agricoltura meridionale era davvero arretrata?, p. 321; Zama-gni Le radici agricole del dualismo italiano; Esposto ...
... by Mary Hegarty A , Madeleine Keehner A , Peter Khooshabeh A ... BibTeX | Add To MetaCart. @M... more ... by Mary Hegarty A , Madeleine Keehner A , Peter Khooshabeh A ... BibTeX | Add To MetaCart. @MISC{A_learningand, author = {Mary Hegarty A and Madeleine Keehner A and Peter Khooshabeh A and Daniel R. Montello B}, title = {Learning and Individual Differences}, year = {} }. ...
Information on wages has never been exploited in the longlasting debate on North-South disparitie... more Information on wages has never been exploited in the longlasting debate on North-South disparities in Italy in the aftermath of the national Unification. The present article is based on a wide array of data on provincial wages in the building sector over the period 1862-1878. Nominal wages in the Centre-North and the South, including the Islands, were similar, because of the high wage levels in Sardinia and Sicily. In the peninsular South, nominal wages were about 10-15 percentage points lower than in the Centre-North. Yet, whenever the difference in prices is taken into account, any disparity between Centre-North and Mezzogiorno fades away.
This article is aimed at analysing the trends of economic, social and institutional inequality am... more This article is aimed at analysing the trends of economic, social and institutional inequality among the Mediterranean countries in the period 1950- 2015. After the examination of the inequalities in GDP per capita among and within nations, we present a Human Development Index (HDI) that includes a measure of democratic achievements. Main result is that inequalities in income, after the rise from the 1950s onwards, declined from the start of the twenty-first century. Inequalities in HDI, instead, constantly diminished in the period under examination, while a process of democratization occurred. On the whole, despite the convergence among Mediterranean countries, economic inequalities are much deeper than those in social indicators.
The article deals with the long-term history of industry in Italy and is based on data on the lab... more The article deals with the long-term history of industry in Italy and is based on data on the labour force per province from population censuses. Particular attention is devoted to disparities in industrialisation between North and South. After the analysis of trends from 1871 until 2001, concentration and spread of industry, importance of the South-North disparity within national disparities among provinces, we test the role of the access to markets on the geographic spread of the Italian industry. Our results are that access to markets and geography played a main role in the formation of Italian inequalities during the phase of industrial development.
Early childhood represents a critical period for the formation of cognitive and non-cognitive ski... more Early childhood represents a critical period for the formation of cognitive and non-cognitive skills. These skills influence academic achievements of students and lead to diverse social and economic outcomes. It is widely recognized how investment in early childhood, and especially in helping disadvantaged children and families, has a high social rate of return. This paper reviews the literature on the theme, focusing on Italy. Data show how Italy is characterized by profound North-South disparities regarding childcare services, poverty incidence and students achievements. It is proposed that investments in childhood services and education, improving human capital formation, would have a positive effect on regional development.
In Italy, both at the regional and sub-regional levels, labour productivity and average wages are... more In Italy, both at the regional and sub-regional levels, labour productivity and average wages are strongly correlated. Overall, in industry and services, the gap (about 30%) in productivity between Southern and Central-Northern regions is almost offset by that in the average wage: unit labour costs are similar. Since, in Italy, in each sector, nominal wages are set through national collective agreements – and therefore are the same throughout the country – regional differences in wage per employee depend solely on the composition of the occupational structures. The small difference in the unit labour cost suggests that also the North–South disparity in labour productivity is largely due to the characteristics of the respective productive structures. Across Italian regions, average wages and price levels are positively correlated. Spatial price differentials mainly depend on the prices of services and housing. In turn, prices influence regional nominal productivity in sectors produci...
... Censimento 31 dicembre 1871; e Vitali, Aspetti dello sviluppo econ-omico italiano alla luce d... more ... Censimento 31 dicembre 1871; e Vitali, Aspetti dello sviluppo econ-omico italiano alla luce della ricostruzione della popolazione attiva ... 21 Si vedano Federico, Ma l'agricoltura meridionale era davvero arretrata?, p. 321; Zama-gni Le radici agricole del dualismo italiano; Esposto ...
... by Mary Hegarty A , Madeleine Keehner A , Peter Khooshabeh A ... BibTeX | Add To MetaCart. @M... more ... by Mary Hegarty A , Madeleine Keehner A , Peter Khooshabeh A ... BibTeX | Add To MetaCart. @MISC{A_learningand, author = {Mary Hegarty A and Madeleine Keehner A and Peter Khooshabeh A and Daniel R. Montello B}, title = {Learning and Individual Differences}, year = {} }. ...
Information on wages has never been exploited in the longlasting debate on North-South disparitie... more Information on wages has never been exploited in the longlasting debate on North-South disparities in Italy in the aftermath of the national Unification. The present article is based on a wide array of data on provincial wages in the building sector over the period 1862-1878. Nominal wages in the Centre-North and the South, including the Islands, were similar, because of the high wage levels in Sardinia and Sicily. In the peninsular South, nominal wages were about 10-15 percentage points lower than in the Centre-North. Yet, whenever the difference in prices is taken into account, any disparity between Centre-North and Mezzogiorno fades away.
This article is aimed at analysing the trends of economic, social and institutional inequality am... more This article is aimed at analysing the trends of economic, social and institutional inequality among the Mediterranean countries in the period 1950- 2015. After the examination of the inequalities in GDP per capita among and within nations, we present a Human Development Index (HDI) that includes a measure of democratic achievements. Main result is that inequalities in income, after the rise from the 1950s onwards, declined from the start of the twenty-first century. Inequalities in HDI, instead, constantly diminished in the period under examination, while a process of democratization occurred. On the whole, despite the convergence among Mediterranean countries, economic inequalities are much deeper than those in social indicators.
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