English. Leonardo Macedo worked as a technical officer at the World Customs Organization, providing technical assistance on customs valuation, tariffs and trade facilitation matters. During this time, he was also involved in transfer pricing discussions with the OECD. Before joining the WCO, Leonardo worked at the tax - customs department at the Brazilian Ministry of Finance, being Director for Trade and Tariffs Affairs and Head for Customs Valuation. He holds a master in economic law and bachelors´ in law and economics. He is a PhD fellow in international trade law at Maastricht University. Leonardo is currently a judge at the administrative tax - customs court based in Brasilia. E-mail: Leonardo.Macedobr@gmail. com / Linkedin: https://www.linkedin.com/in/macedoleo/
Spanish. Leonardo se desempeñó como funcionario técnico en la Organización Mundial de Aduanas, brindando asistencia técnica sobre valoración aduanera, aranceles y asuntos de facilitación del comercio. Durante ese tiempo, también participó en discusiones sobre precios de transferencia con la OCDE. Antes de ingresar a la OMA, laboró en el departamento de impuestos y aduanas del Ministerio de Finanzas de Brasil, siendo Director de Asuntos Comerciales y Tarifarios y Jefe de Valoración Aduanera. Posee una maestría en derecho económico y una licenciatura en derecho y economía. Es becario de doctorado en derecho comercial internacional de la Universidad de Maastricht. Actualmente Leonardo se desempeña como juez en el tribunal administrativo tributario-aduanero en Brasilia. Correo electrónico: Leonardo.Macedobr@gmail.com / Enlace: https://www.linkedin.com/in/macedoleo
Revenue collection, a core function of many customs administrations, has recently come under stra... more Revenue collection, a core function of many customs administrations, has recently come under strain owing to the global financial crisis. The World Customs Organization (WCO) Revenue Package initiative, launched in 2009, seeks inter alia to promote the ...
Blockchain is a peer-to-peer (P2P) technology that records and verifies transactions in a decentr... more Blockchain is a peer-to-peer (P2P) technology that records and verifies transactions in a decentralised, cryptography-secure manner. Blockchain applications can globally manage records of any sort, such as import-export declarations, invoices, bills of lading (BLs) and certificates of origin (COs). It is a promising technology for several areas, including international trade. This paper presents blockchain, comments on blockchain platforms such as Ethereum, gives examples of private sector initiatives, shares an idea for a CO blockchain application, and discusses regulatory issues. In doing so, the paper aims to attract attention for blockchain in international trade.
Revenue collection, a core function of many customs administrations, has recently come under stra... more Revenue collection, a core function of many customs administrations, has recently come under strain owing to the global financial crisis. The World Customs Organization (WCO) Revenue Package initiative, launched in 2009, seeks inter alia to promote the exchange of experience and best practices with tax administrations in order to improve the capacity of Customs to collect revenue. This paper describes the experiences and insights of tax administrations in their implementation of Large Taxpayers Units (LTU) and discusses the creation and development of Large Traders' Customs Units (LTCU).
Blockchain is a peer-to-peer (P2P) technology that records and verifies transactions in a decentr... more Blockchain is a peer-to-peer (P2P) technology that records and verifies transactions in a decentralised, cryptography-secure manner. Blockchain applications can globally manage records of any sort, such as import-export declarations, invoices, bills of lading (BLs) and certificates of origin (COs). It is a promising technology for several areas, including international trade. This paper presents blockchain, comments on blockchain platforms such as Ethereum, gives examples of private sector initiatives, shares an idea for a CO blockchain application, and discusses regulatory issues. In doing so, the paper aims to attract attention for blockchain in international trade.
REVISTA DE ADMINISTRACIÓN TRIBUTARIA CIATlAEATlIEF Nº 45, 2019
La valoración aduanera y los precios de transferencia constituyen temas vitales en la tributación... more La valoración aduanera y los precios de transferencia constituyen temas vitales en la tributación del comercio internacional. Ambas metodologías persiguen diferentes objetivos en la determinación del valor de los bienes comercializados entre partes relacionadas. No obstante, en la búsqueda de la certeza tributaria y la movilización de ingresos, existe una creciente necesidad de lograr una mejor comunicación entre estos dos sistemas de valoración internacionales. Por lo tanto, el objetivo de este artículo es unir la valoración aduanera y los precios de transferencia, comentando los últimos avances de la WCO/TCCV, a saber, los casos prácticos 14.1 (TNMM) y 14.2 (RPM) que sirvan de guía a las Aduanas respecto al uso de la documentación de precios de transferencia, a fin de examinar las circunstancias de la venta en las transacciones entre partes relacionadas. El artículo también se enfoca en los elementos clave de la documentación de precios de transferencia, así como en los desafíos que tienen por delante ambos sistemas.
Customs valuation and transfer pricing are vital topics in international trade taxation. Both met... more Customs valuation and transfer pricing are vital topics in international trade taxation. Both methodologies pursue different objectives in assessing the value of goods traded between related parties. Nonetheless, in pursuit of tax certainty and revenue mobilisation, there is a growing need for better communication between these two international valuation systems. Therefore, the objective of this article is to bring customs valuation and transfer pricing together by commenting on the latest WCO/TCCV developments, namely case studies 14.1 (TNMM) and 14.2 (RPM) guiding Customs on the use of transfer pricing documentation to examine the circumstances of the sale in related party transactions. The article also addresses the key elements of transfer pricing documentation and the challenges ahead for both systems.
Revenue collection, a core function of many customs administrations, has recently come under stra... more Revenue collection, a core function of many customs administrations, has recently come under strain owing to the global financial crisis. The World Customs Organization (WCO) Revenue Package initiative, launched in 2009, seeks inter alia to promote the ...
Blockchain is a peer-to-peer (P2P) technology that records and verifies transactions in a decentr... more Blockchain is a peer-to-peer (P2P) technology that records and verifies transactions in a decentralised, cryptography-secure manner. Blockchain applications can globally manage records of any sort, such as import-export declarations, invoices, bills of lading (BLs) and certificates of origin (COs). It is a promising technology for several areas, including international trade. This paper presents blockchain, comments on blockchain platforms such as Ethereum, gives examples of private sector initiatives, shares an idea for a CO blockchain application, and discusses regulatory issues. In doing so, the paper aims to attract attention for blockchain in international trade.
Revenue collection, a core function of many customs administrations, has recently come under stra... more Revenue collection, a core function of many customs administrations, has recently come under strain owing to the global financial crisis. The World Customs Organization (WCO) Revenue Package initiative, launched in 2009, seeks inter alia to promote the exchange of experience and best practices with tax administrations in order to improve the capacity of Customs to collect revenue. This paper describes the experiences and insights of tax administrations in their implementation of Large Taxpayers Units (LTU) and discusses the creation and development of Large Traders' Customs Units (LTCU).
Blockchain is a peer-to-peer (P2P) technology that records and verifies transactions in a decentr... more Blockchain is a peer-to-peer (P2P) technology that records and verifies transactions in a decentralised, cryptography-secure manner. Blockchain applications can globally manage records of any sort, such as import-export declarations, invoices, bills of lading (BLs) and certificates of origin (COs). It is a promising technology for several areas, including international trade. This paper presents blockchain, comments on blockchain platforms such as Ethereum, gives examples of private sector initiatives, shares an idea for a CO blockchain application, and discusses regulatory issues. In doing so, the paper aims to attract attention for blockchain in international trade.
REVISTA DE ADMINISTRACIÓN TRIBUTARIA CIATlAEATlIEF Nº 45, 2019
La valoración aduanera y los precios de transferencia constituyen temas vitales en la tributación... more La valoración aduanera y los precios de transferencia constituyen temas vitales en la tributación del comercio internacional. Ambas metodologías persiguen diferentes objetivos en la determinación del valor de los bienes comercializados entre partes relacionadas. No obstante, en la búsqueda de la certeza tributaria y la movilización de ingresos, existe una creciente necesidad de lograr una mejor comunicación entre estos dos sistemas de valoración internacionales. Por lo tanto, el objetivo de este artículo es unir la valoración aduanera y los precios de transferencia, comentando los últimos avances de la WCO/TCCV, a saber, los casos prácticos 14.1 (TNMM) y 14.2 (RPM) que sirvan de guía a las Aduanas respecto al uso de la documentación de precios de transferencia, a fin de examinar las circunstancias de la venta en las transacciones entre partes relacionadas. El artículo también se enfoca en los elementos clave de la documentación de precios de transferencia, así como en los desafíos que tienen por delante ambos sistemas.
Customs valuation and transfer pricing are vital topics in international trade taxation. Both met... more Customs valuation and transfer pricing are vital topics in international trade taxation. Both methodologies pursue different objectives in assessing the value of goods traded between related parties. Nonetheless, in pursuit of tax certainty and revenue mobilisation, there is a growing need for better communication between these two international valuation systems. Therefore, the objective of this article is to bring customs valuation and transfer pricing together by commenting on the latest WCO/TCCV developments, namely case studies 14.1 (TNMM) and 14.2 (RPM) guiding Customs on the use of transfer pricing documentation to examine the circumstances of the sale in related party transactions. The article also addresses the key elements of transfer pricing documentation and the challenges ahead for both systems.
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Papers by Leonardo Macedo
de la WCO/TCCV, a saber, los casos prácticos 14.1 (TNMM) y 14.2 (RPM) que sirvan de guía a las Aduanas respecto al uso de la documentación de precios de transferencia, a fin de examinar las
circunstancias de la venta en las transacciones entre partes relacionadas. El artículo también se enfoca en los elementos clave de la documentación de precios de transferencia, así como en los desafíos que tienen por delante ambos sistemas.
there is a growing need for better communication between these two international valuation systems. Therefore, the objective of this article is to bring customs valuation and transfer pricing together by commenting on the latest WCO/TCCV developments, namely case studies 14.1 (TNMM) and 14.2 (RPM) guiding Customs on the use of transfer pricing
documentation to examine the circumstances of the sale in related party transactions. The article also addresses the key elements of transfer pricing documentation and the challenges ahead for both systems.
de la WCO/TCCV, a saber, los casos prácticos 14.1 (TNMM) y 14.2 (RPM) que sirvan de guía a las Aduanas respecto al uso de la documentación de precios de transferencia, a fin de examinar las
circunstancias de la venta en las transacciones entre partes relacionadas. El artículo también se enfoca en los elementos clave de la documentación de precios de transferencia, así como en los desafíos que tienen por delante ambos sistemas.
there is a growing need for better communication between these two international valuation systems. Therefore, the objective of this article is to bring customs valuation and transfer pricing together by commenting on the latest WCO/TCCV developments, namely case studies 14.1 (TNMM) and 14.2 (RPM) guiding Customs on the use of transfer pricing
documentation to examine the circumstances of the sale in related party transactions. The article also addresses the key elements of transfer pricing documentation and the challenges ahead for both systems.