This is a PDF file of an article that has undergone enhancements after acceptance, such as the ad... more This is a PDF file of an article that has undergone enhancements after acceptance, such as the addition of a cover page and metadata, and formatting for readability, but it is not yet the definitive version of record. This version will undergo additional copyediting, typesetting and review before it is published in its final form, but we are providing this version to give early visibility of the article. Please note that, during the production process, errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain.
In this research, an extensive insights design steps of Fuzzy Inference System are presented for ... more In this research, an extensive insights design steps of Fuzzy Inference System are presented for greenhouse climate control. The temperature and relative humidity for a greenhouse are considered of a highly importance for successful and healthy yield production, also precise controlling schemes results in lowering the crop's diseases and hence provide better quality and enhance the productivity. Consequently, temperature and humidity inside greenhouses are mutual effect parameters; therefore, choosing of a fuzzy inference system to solve the nonlinear control problem of temperature and humidity in a accurate and reliable manner as well as provide less energy consumption for assistance devices is presented. The refining devices are represented by heating, cooling and misting devices. The detailed steps of greenhouse FLC designs are calculated and implemented using MATLAB programming language. The new library of RSS defuzzification method is added successfully and tested with the ...
A fuzzy logic based Greenhouse climate control is presented in this research. Primarily seven mos... more A fuzzy logic based Greenhouse climate control is presented in this research. Primarily seven most important greenhouse climate parameters affect tomato production are considered soil type, plant water use capability, plant root depth, temperature, humidity, irrigation quantity required for crop grow and light day. Manual tomato crop data input, actuator and sensor nodes has been managed by fuzzy logic controller which mimics the brain of the planter to provide reliable, power conserving and autonomous control system of a greenhouse. Contrarily, the conventional control methods are not efficient in terms of energy, labor interference, productivity and flexibility. In this research, the adoption of artificial intelligent (AI) approach to controlling tasks within greenhouse is presented. Fuzzy inference system has been designed and fused within the coordinator node of real time sensors; simulation of nodes and actuators has been presented. The proposed fuzzy controller of tomato crops...
Mobile Ad Hoc Network (MANET) is a set of mobile nodes that communicate with each other to config... more Mobile Ad Hoc Network (MANET) is a set of mobile nodes that communicate with each other to configure an immediate network without utilizing any of infrastructure, the centralized access point or centralized administration in multiple hop manner. There are a lot of routing protocols have been proposed in MANET which are different from each other in the performance and the mechanism. Therefore, the performance study of those protocols in different scenarios is needed. This paper presents the performance comparison between Dynamic Source Routing (DSR), Ad hoc on demand distance Vector Routing (AODV) as reactive routing protocols and Destination Sequenced Distance Vector (DSDV) as a proactive routing protocol to precisely determine which protocol is more effective. Network Simulator (NS) version 2.35 has used to simulate and evaluate the performance of these protocols in terms of the packet delivery ratio, average throughput, average end-to-end delay, and packet loss ratio with respect ...
The power consumption, capacity, speed of rotation, separation precision and the centrifugation t... more The power consumption, capacity, speed of rotation, separation precision and the centrifugation time are essential technical parameters of the centrifuge device, and hence their reliability may affect the system reliability and productivity. The modified period of velocity profile model (spinning period) which leads to decreasing the power consumption of laboratory centrifuge devices is derived. Based on the centrifugation time model, a fuzzy controller is proposed for the laboratory centrifuge device. The proposed controller design will produce high reliability by selecting various separation efficiencies, evaluating the separation efficiency period precisely, and reduction of separation power consumption. Based on the derived model, a low-cost controller modification leads to a shorter blood test time and lower power consumption while improving the separation efficiency to greater than 95 %.
Micro Electro Mechanical Systems (MEMS) based Ultrasonic Transducers presents several advantages ... more Micro Electro Mechanical Systems (MEMS) based Ultrasonic Transducers presents several advantages for some applications such as ease of array fabrication, unique thermal manipulation capabilities. Micromachining allows us to miniaturize device dimensions and produce capacitive transducers whose performance is comparable with their piezoelectric counterpart. Computer simulation has been widely used for MEMS based system. The main advantage of computer simulation is to provide design optimization by varying geometry, layer dimension and materials of the device without actual fabrication. This systematic approach can save time and cost of device fabrication and experimentation. In this work, a model of Capacitive Micromachined Ultrasonic Transducer (CMUT) is simulated in COVENTORWARE software. The solver is used to analyze the electrical current flow, voltage and heat and stress distribution in the device. The result is used to predict the temperature and stress as a function of the app...
Radio waves Frequency (RF) propagating in vegetation environments usually facing much higher path... more Radio waves Frequency (RF) propagating in vegetation environments usually facing much higher path loss than in environments those without vegetation. Therefore, well known of the propagation path loss through the vegetation area is critical for communication and sensing of Wireless sensor network (WSN) in such environments. Furthermore, the well known of the elevation of the antenna of the sensor nodes is very important for accurate measurement of the path losses in such environment. This paper presents the impact of each part of trees on WSN signal propagation inside the mango tree greenhouse to elect the appropriate elevation of the antennas. The empirical results show that the foliage affects is high and thus communication losses is higher while lowest losses obtained when nodes located within trunk elevation or less. Thus, the optimum antennas elevation must be within trunk level so that the reliable and higher network connectivity can be achieved.
Radio waves Frequency (RF) propagating in vegetation environments usually facing much higher path... more Radio waves Frequency (RF) propagating in vegetation environments usually facing much higher path loss than in environments those without vegetation. Therefore, well known of the propagation path loss through the vegetation area is critical for communication and sensing of Wireless sensor network (WSN) in such environments. Furthermore, the well known of the elevation of the antenna of the sensor nodes is very important for accurate measurement of the path losses in such environment. This paper presents the impact of each part of trees on WSN signal propagation inside the mango tree greenhouse to elect the appropriate elevation of the antennas. The empirical results show that the foliage affects is high and thus communication losses is higher while lowest losses obtained when nodes located within trunk elevation or less. Thus, the optimum antennas elevation must be within trunk level so that the reliable and higher network connectivity can be achieved.
The objective of this study was to design and implement a new ultrasonic pulser with adjustable c... more The objective of this study was to design and implement a new ultrasonic pulser with adjustable concentration detection. The new technique based on transmits a multiple ultrasound pulses with decay power through slurry to determine the lowest concentration that can provide an accurate attenuation measurement and wide measurement range. The ultrasonic pulser was designed to transmit a reliable pulsed-power decay set that can be reprogrammed with new output variables, e.g. ,the pulse amplitude, the pulse frequency, the set size, the decay power factor of the pulse amplitude, the transmit mode, and the time interval. Ultrasound attenuation measurements were obtain for kaolin-water slurries with1%, 10%, 20%, 30%, and 40% kaolin concentration by weight. Concentration attenuation measurements of less than 5% may prove useful for process control when detecting contaminants. A long measurement level is obtained from the pulsed-power transmission, regardless of the material used to construct...
ABSTRACT An extensive review of optical fiber sensors and the most beneficial applications is pre... more ABSTRACT An extensive review of optical fiber sensors and the most beneficial applications is presented in this chapter. Although electrical sensing technologies have been successfully deployed in countless applications, the introduction of optical sensing, engineers and scientists can now perform measurements that were previously impractical or, in some cases, impossible with conventional electrical sensors. At present, many real-world applications already use both approaches to combine both benefits. The inherent advantages of fiber optic sensors such as lightweight, small size, passive, low attenuation, immunity to electromagnetic interference (EMI), wide bandwidth and environmental ruggedness were heavily used to offset their major disadvantages of high cost. Thus Fiber optic sensors (FOSs) have boosted the utility and demand for optical sensors in various military, industry and social fields. FOSs show reliable and rigid sensing tasks over conventional electrical and electronic sensors.
ABSTRACT Recent advances in fiber optics (FOs) and the numerous advantages of light over electron... more ABSTRACT Recent advances in fiber optics (FOs) and the numerous advantages of light over electronic systems have boosted the utility and demand for optical sensors in various military, industry and social fields. Environmental and atmospheric monitoring, earth and space sciences, industrial chemical processing and biotechnology, law enforcement, digital imaging, scanning, and printing are exemplars of them. The ubiquity of photonic technologies could drive down prices which reduced the cost of optical fibers and lasers. Fiber optic sensors (FOSs) offer a wide spectrum of advantages over traditional sensing systems, such as small size and longer lifetime. Immunity to electromagnetic interference, amenability to multiplexing, and high sensitivity make FOs the sensor technology of choice in several fields, including the healthcare and aerospace sectors. FOSs show reliable and rigid sensing tasks over conventional electrical and electronic sensors. This paper presents an executive review of optical fiber sensors and the most beneficial applications.
This is a PDF file of an article that has undergone enhancements after acceptance, such as the ad... more This is a PDF file of an article that has undergone enhancements after acceptance, such as the addition of a cover page and metadata, and formatting for readability, but it is not yet the definitive version of record. This version will undergo additional copyediting, typesetting and review before it is published in its final form, but we are providing this version to give early visibility of the article. Please note that, during the production process, errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain.
In this research, an extensive insights design steps of Fuzzy Inference System are presented for ... more In this research, an extensive insights design steps of Fuzzy Inference System are presented for greenhouse climate control. The temperature and relative humidity for a greenhouse are considered of a highly importance for successful and healthy yield production, also precise controlling schemes results in lowering the crop's diseases and hence provide better quality and enhance the productivity. Consequently, temperature and humidity inside greenhouses are mutual effect parameters; therefore, choosing of a fuzzy inference system to solve the nonlinear control problem of temperature and humidity in a accurate and reliable manner as well as provide less energy consumption for assistance devices is presented. The refining devices are represented by heating, cooling and misting devices. The detailed steps of greenhouse FLC designs are calculated and implemented using MATLAB programming language. The new library of RSS defuzzification method is added successfully and tested with the ...
A fuzzy logic based Greenhouse climate control is presented in this research. Primarily seven mos... more A fuzzy logic based Greenhouse climate control is presented in this research. Primarily seven most important greenhouse climate parameters affect tomato production are considered soil type, plant water use capability, plant root depth, temperature, humidity, irrigation quantity required for crop grow and light day. Manual tomato crop data input, actuator and sensor nodes has been managed by fuzzy logic controller which mimics the brain of the planter to provide reliable, power conserving and autonomous control system of a greenhouse. Contrarily, the conventional control methods are not efficient in terms of energy, labor interference, productivity and flexibility. In this research, the adoption of artificial intelligent (AI) approach to controlling tasks within greenhouse is presented. Fuzzy inference system has been designed and fused within the coordinator node of real time sensors; simulation of nodes and actuators has been presented. The proposed fuzzy controller of tomato crops...
Mobile Ad Hoc Network (MANET) is a set of mobile nodes that communicate with each other to config... more Mobile Ad Hoc Network (MANET) is a set of mobile nodes that communicate with each other to configure an immediate network without utilizing any of infrastructure, the centralized access point or centralized administration in multiple hop manner. There are a lot of routing protocols have been proposed in MANET which are different from each other in the performance and the mechanism. Therefore, the performance study of those protocols in different scenarios is needed. This paper presents the performance comparison between Dynamic Source Routing (DSR), Ad hoc on demand distance Vector Routing (AODV) as reactive routing protocols and Destination Sequenced Distance Vector (DSDV) as a proactive routing protocol to precisely determine which protocol is more effective. Network Simulator (NS) version 2.35 has used to simulate and evaluate the performance of these protocols in terms of the packet delivery ratio, average throughput, average end-to-end delay, and packet loss ratio with respect ...
The power consumption, capacity, speed of rotation, separation precision and the centrifugation t... more The power consumption, capacity, speed of rotation, separation precision and the centrifugation time are essential technical parameters of the centrifuge device, and hence their reliability may affect the system reliability and productivity. The modified period of velocity profile model (spinning period) which leads to decreasing the power consumption of laboratory centrifuge devices is derived. Based on the centrifugation time model, a fuzzy controller is proposed for the laboratory centrifuge device. The proposed controller design will produce high reliability by selecting various separation efficiencies, evaluating the separation efficiency period precisely, and reduction of separation power consumption. Based on the derived model, a low-cost controller modification leads to a shorter blood test time and lower power consumption while improving the separation efficiency to greater than 95 %.
Micro Electro Mechanical Systems (MEMS) based Ultrasonic Transducers presents several advantages ... more Micro Electro Mechanical Systems (MEMS) based Ultrasonic Transducers presents several advantages for some applications such as ease of array fabrication, unique thermal manipulation capabilities. Micromachining allows us to miniaturize device dimensions and produce capacitive transducers whose performance is comparable with their piezoelectric counterpart. Computer simulation has been widely used for MEMS based system. The main advantage of computer simulation is to provide design optimization by varying geometry, layer dimension and materials of the device without actual fabrication. This systematic approach can save time and cost of device fabrication and experimentation. In this work, a model of Capacitive Micromachined Ultrasonic Transducer (CMUT) is simulated in COVENTORWARE software. The solver is used to analyze the electrical current flow, voltage and heat and stress distribution in the device. The result is used to predict the temperature and stress as a function of the app...
Radio waves Frequency (RF) propagating in vegetation environments usually facing much higher path... more Radio waves Frequency (RF) propagating in vegetation environments usually facing much higher path loss than in environments those without vegetation. Therefore, well known of the propagation path loss through the vegetation area is critical for communication and sensing of Wireless sensor network (WSN) in such environments. Furthermore, the well known of the elevation of the antenna of the sensor nodes is very important for accurate measurement of the path losses in such environment. This paper presents the impact of each part of trees on WSN signal propagation inside the mango tree greenhouse to elect the appropriate elevation of the antennas. The empirical results show that the foliage affects is high and thus communication losses is higher while lowest losses obtained when nodes located within trunk elevation or less. Thus, the optimum antennas elevation must be within trunk level so that the reliable and higher network connectivity can be achieved.
Radio waves Frequency (RF) propagating in vegetation environments usually facing much higher path... more Radio waves Frequency (RF) propagating in vegetation environments usually facing much higher path loss than in environments those without vegetation. Therefore, well known of the propagation path loss through the vegetation area is critical for communication and sensing of Wireless sensor network (WSN) in such environments. Furthermore, the well known of the elevation of the antenna of the sensor nodes is very important for accurate measurement of the path losses in such environment. This paper presents the impact of each part of trees on WSN signal propagation inside the mango tree greenhouse to elect the appropriate elevation of the antennas. The empirical results show that the foliage affects is high and thus communication losses is higher while lowest losses obtained when nodes located within trunk elevation or less. Thus, the optimum antennas elevation must be within trunk level so that the reliable and higher network connectivity can be achieved.
The objective of this study was to design and implement a new ultrasonic pulser with adjustable c... more The objective of this study was to design and implement a new ultrasonic pulser with adjustable concentration detection. The new technique based on transmits a multiple ultrasound pulses with decay power through slurry to determine the lowest concentration that can provide an accurate attenuation measurement and wide measurement range. The ultrasonic pulser was designed to transmit a reliable pulsed-power decay set that can be reprogrammed with new output variables, e.g. ,the pulse amplitude, the pulse frequency, the set size, the decay power factor of the pulse amplitude, the transmit mode, and the time interval. Ultrasound attenuation measurements were obtain for kaolin-water slurries with1%, 10%, 20%, 30%, and 40% kaolin concentration by weight. Concentration attenuation measurements of less than 5% may prove useful for process control when detecting contaminants. A long measurement level is obtained from the pulsed-power transmission, regardless of the material used to construct...
ABSTRACT An extensive review of optical fiber sensors and the most beneficial applications is pre... more ABSTRACT An extensive review of optical fiber sensors and the most beneficial applications is presented in this chapter. Although electrical sensing technologies have been successfully deployed in countless applications, the introduction of optical sensing, engineers and scientists can now perform measurements that were previously impractical or, in some cases, impossible with conventional electrical sensors. At present, many real-world applications already use both approaches to combine both benefits. The inherent advantages of fiber optic sensors such as lightweight, small size, passive, low attenuation, immunity to electromagnetic interference (EMI), wide bandwidth and environmental ruggedness were heavily used to offset their major disadvantages of high cost. Thus Fiber optic sensors (FOSs) have boosted the utility and demand for optical sensors in various military, industry and social fields. FOSs show reliable and rigid sensing tasks over conventional electrical and electronic sensors.
ABSTRACT Recent advances in fiber optics (FOs) and the numerous advantages of light over electron... more ABSTRACT Recent advances in fiber optics (FOs) and the numerous advantages of light over electronic systems have boosted the utility and demand for optical sensors in various military, industry and social fields. Environmental and atmospheric monitoring, earth and space sciences, industrial chemical processing and biotechnology, law enforcement, digital imaging, scanning, and printing are exemplars of them. The ubiquity of photonic technologies could drive down prices which reduced the cost of optical fibers and lasers. Fiber optic sensors (FOSs) offer a wide spectrum of advantages over traditional sensing systems, such as small size and longer lifetime. Immunity to electromagnetic interference, amenability to multiplexing, and high sensitivity make FOs the sensor technology of choice in several fields, including the healthcare and aerospace sectors. FOSs show reliable and rigid sensing tasks over conventional electrical and electronic sensors. This paper presents an executive review of optical fiber sensors and the most beneficial applications.
Uploads
Papers by Muhammed Salim