Mohd Nazree bin Derman is an Associate Professor in the School of Materials Engineering at the Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP) where he has been an academic member since 2006. He holds the graduate engineer from Board of Engineering (BEM) as a graduate engineer for Materials Engineering. He also a research fellow at the center of excellence for Frontier Materials Research, Institute of Nano Electronic Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis. He completed his Ph.D., M.Sc. and engineering undergraduate studies (B.Eng. (Hons)) at Universiti Sains Malaysia(USM) from 1997 to 2006. His research interests lie in the area of Materials and Metallurgical Engineering especially in corrosion, electrochemical, failure analysis, surface engineering and nanotechnology ranging from theory to design to implementation. He has collaborated actively with researchers in several other disciplines of electrical, mechanical and chemical engineering and mathematic. He is an instructor for corrosion engineering, the surface engineering, strength of Materials, welding metallurgy, metallurgical design and materials composite on undergraduate topic. He also involves in postgraduate studies as a lecturer on research methodology and technical communication. He has carried out the number of consultancy service to various public authorities and private industries.
The behaviour of 800H nickel (Ni)-based alloy under isothermal oxidation condition was study in t... more The behaviour of 800H nickel (Ni)-based alloy under isothermal oxidation condition was study in this paper. The isothermal oxidation behaviour was examined in terms of fine grained and coarse grained 800H Ni-based alloy obtained from heat treatment operation at 1000 °C and 1150 °C, respectively. The heat treated samples were undergo an isothermal oxidation attempt at 500 °C in laboratory air for 500 hours exposure duration. The effects on the oxidation kinetics was examined in terms of weight change measurement. In addition, the effects on the oxide scale growth was observed in terms of phase analysis using XRD technique and surface morphology analysis using FESEM outfitted with EDX spectrometer. As a results, both fine grained and coarse grained 800H Ni-based alloy were obey a parabolic rate law showing that the oxide growth rate was followed a diffusion controlled mechanism. Additionally, fine grained 800H Ni-based alloy sample exhibited a inferior oxidation rate compared to coarse grained sample. The XRD analysis exhibited that the oxides scale composed of Cr2O3, TiO2 and MnCr2O4. The observation on the oxide scale morphology indicate that uniform oxide scales were formed on the alloy surface of both samples. However, coarse grained 800H Ni-based alloy recorded an oxide exfoliation which indicate poor oxidation protection.
International journal of engineering trends and technology, Jun 25, 2017
Aluminium nitride (AlN) is known for its enviable qualities which include; good wear and corrosio... more Aluminium nitride (AlN) is known for its enviable qualities which include; good wear and corrosion resistance, low coefficient of thermal action, low resistivity, wide band gab similar to that of silicon and other properties. For these reasons, the use of AlN to form composite material with aluminium matrix has been employed using powder metallurgy route. Non-wetting of AlN reinforcement by aluminium matrix during sintering, however, has continued to be a subject of concerned, hence necessitating the use of magnesium as a wetting agent. In this paper, the effect magnesium addition on hardness and wear resistance properties of Al-AlN composite has been investigated and presented.
Al based alloy has been widely used in various industries. This research paper aims at the invest... more Al based alloy has been widely used in various industries. This research paper aims at the investigation onto the effect of the percentage of Cu and Ni alloying elements in the corrosion behavior of Al-Cu-Ni alloys. The alloys were characterized by microstructural, physical properties, electrochemical, and phase analysis. Microstructure observation shows the alloys have transformed to dendritic structure. The addition of Ni reveals columnar twinned dendritic to the longitudinal direction of cast ingots. While the addition of Cu increases the density of the sample. The Vickers micro-hardness test shows that sample Al86-Ni5-Cu3-Y6 reached the optimum hardness value 51.36 HV. Tafel Plot performed shows that Al86-Ni5-Cu3-Y6 has the highest Polarization Resistance, Rp, 2 031.82 kΩ and lowest corrosion rate, 0.00380 mm per year. Alloy with high Rp value is highly resistant to corrosion.
The phase and intermetallic thickness of Cu-Zn5 and Cu5Zn8 has been investigated under liquid sta... more The phase and intermetallic thickness of Cu-Zn5 and Cu5Zn8 has been investigated under liquid state aging using reflow method. Both intermetallics were formed by reacting Sn-9Zn lead free solder with copper substrate. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used to see the morphology of the phases and energy dispersive x-ray (EDX) was used to estimate the elemental compositions of the phases. The morphology of the Cu5Zn8 phase was rather flat but when the soldering temperature and time increases, the morphology becomes scallop. Intermetallic thickness measurements show that the thickness of Cu-Zn5 decreases with increasing soldering time and temperature. Whereas, the thickness of Cu5Zn8 intermetallic increases with soldering time and temperature.
A porous anodic aluminium oxide (AAO) films were successfully fabricated on aluminium templates b... more A porous anodic aluminium oxide (AAO) films were successfully fabricated on aluminium templates by using anodizing technique. The anodizing process was done in the mixed acid solution of phosphoric acid and acetic acid. The growth, morphology and chemical composition of AAO film were investigated. During the anodizing process, the growth of the oxide pores was strictly influenced by the anodizing parameters. The anodizing was done by varying the voltage at 70 V to 130 V and temperature from 5 °C to 25 °C. The electrolyte concentration was remaining constant. In this study, all the samples were characterized using scanning electron microscope (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques. From this study, the optimum parameters to obtain porous AAO film with the mixture of phosphoric acid and acetic acid solution can be known.
This research has investigated the properties of low-silver Sn-1.0Ag-0.7Cu (SAC107) alloy. Differ... more This research has investigated the properties of low-silver Sn-1.0Ag-0.7Cu (SAC107) alloy. Different weight percentages (0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75 and 1 wt. %) of silicon nitride (Si3N4) were used as reinforcement particles. The SAC107 - Si3N4 composite solder was fabricated via powder metallurgy (PM) technique. The results showed that homogeneous distribution of Si3N4 particles along the grain boundaries has increased the hardness of the SAC107 - Si3N4 composite solders compared to monolithic SAC107 solder alloy. The melting temperature is maintained at the SAC107 level, indicating that the novel composite solder is suitable for existing soldering process.
In this study, the effect concentration of electrolyte on pore nucleation process during anodizin... more In this study, the effect concentration of electrolyte on pore nucleation process during anodizing was investigated. It was found that the concentration of oxalic acid influenced the morphologies and regularities of porous AAO formed on aluminum-manganese substrate. When the concentration of oxalic acid is 0.1 M, the porous AAO exhibited a disordered pores arrangement and no long range order was observed. However, when the concentration was increased to 0.3 M and 0.5 M, hexagonal pores arrangement and long range order were obtained. Although the hexagonal pore arrangement was still retained, further increasing the concentration of oxalic acid to 0.7 M render the long range order disappeared. The rate of increase of oxide mass of porous AAO increased with the concentration of oxalic acid.
In this study, Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) analysis was conducted on the images of scanning elec... more In this study, Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) analysis was conducted on the images of scanning electron microscope of morphology of the porous anodic alumina formed on high purity aluminium. High purity aluminium substrates were anodized at 50 V in 0.3 M oxalic acid of 15°C for 60 minutes. As anodized porous anodic alumina were then subjected to oxide dissolution treatment of increasing exposure duration, up to three minutes. Micrographs were captured by using scanning electron microscope and the images were analyzed using FFT. It was found that the FFT images of as anodized porous anodic alumina and porous anodic alumina subjected to oxide dissolution treatment up to two minutes were similar, which were disc shaped white forms, indicating no ordered periodic structures were formed. When porous anodic alumina subjected to oxide dissolution treatment for three minutes, FFT image showed six distinct spots at the edges of a hexagon, indicating a perfect hexagonal pore arrangement was obtained for porous anodic alumina subjected to oxide dissolution treatment for three minutes.
In order to generate a nanoporous oxide film, stainless steel 304L is anodized using an alternati... more In order to generate a nanoporous oxide film, stainless steel 304L is anodized using an alternating current (AC) and direct current (DC) source in an ethylene glycol solution containing ammonium fluoride, NH4F, and water, H2O. This study focuses on the differences between AC and DC anodizing in terms of current density versus time response, thickness, and depth of the oxide film formed on the anodized specimens, surface roughness, and element composition of the specimens because there is limited study on AC anodizing of stainless steel. In 0.5% 0.3M NH4F and 3% H2O in a glycol solution, the AC and DC anodizing is conducted for 30 minutes at voltages ranging from 30 V to 50 V and 21.2 V to 35.4 V, respectively. The current density versus time response revealed that AC anodizing produced more current density than DC anodizing. As for the thickness and depth of the generated oxide films, only the specimens that had been anodized in AC indicated an increase in these films, whereas speci...
The behaviour of 800H nickel (Ni)-based alloy under isothermal oxidation condition was study in t... more The behaviour of 800H nickel (Ni)-based alloy under isothermal oxidation condition was study in this paper. The isothermal oxidation behaviour was examined in terms of fine grained and coarse grained 800H Ni-based alloy obtained from heat treatment operation at 1000 °C and 1150 °C, respectively. The heat treated samples were undergo an isothermal oxidation attempt at 500 °C in laboratory air for 500 hours exposure duration. The effects on the oxidation kinetics was examined in terms of weight change measurement. In addition, the effects on the oxide scale growth was observed in terms of phase analysis using XRD technique and surface morphology analysis using FESEM outfitted with EDX spectrometer. As a results, both fine grained and coarse grained 800H Ni-based alloy were obey a parabolic rate law showing that the oxide growth rate was followed a diffusion controlled mechanism. Additionally, fine grained 800H Ni-based alloy sample exhibited a inferior oxidation rate compared to coars...
IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 2020
This paper investigated the intermetallic compound (IMC) layer that formed in Sn-0.7Cu-0.05Ni+1wt... more This paper investigated the intermetallic compound (IMC) layer that formed in Sn-0.7Cu-0.05Ni+1wt.% TiO2 (SCNT) composite solder paste added with reinforcement (TiO2) particles. Besides, the growth of the IMC layer during subsequent aging at temperature of 75 °C, 125 °C and 150 °C also being studied. Scanning electron microscopy was used to observe the IMC growth and to measure the thickness of IMC layer. The interfacial IMC layer has been suppressed whereas the activation energy value of the composite solder paste was high (37.35 kJ/mol) which in turn improved the thermal stability of the IMC layer. Results also show the IMC formed at bulk solder microstructure of SCNT solder paste composite was refined. The presence of TiO2 particles has become the obstacle for the Cu atom diffusion from the substrate to the solder and Sn atom from the solder, thus, successful for the suppression of the IMC layer.
The Mg-1wt.%Ca alloy was fabricated using powder metallurgy method. The anodizing process were do... more The Mg-1wt.%Ca alloy was fabricated using powder metallurgy method. The anodizing process were done by using different voltage (5V, 15V, 25V) and concentration of KOH (0.1M, 0.5M, 1.0M). The surface changes on PM Mg/1wt.%Ca resulted by anodizing was analyzed using SEM-EDX and XRD pattern. Meanwhile, surface hardness was measured by micro-Vickers hardness machine. The experiment found different XRD pattern between all non-anodized and anodized samples. The study found that increasing the voltage will increase the hardness while increasing KOH concentration reduced the hardness. The relation of the hardness and oxide film formation can be analyzed using SEM-EDX and XRD pattern. The optimum value for voltage, KOH concentration and hardness are 25V, 0.1M and 27.2 HV. The XRD detect the changes in PM Mg/1wt.% Ca indicates the oxide film formation.
The behaviour of 800H nickel (Ni)-based alloy under isothermal oxidation condition was study in t... more The behaviour of 800H nickel (Ni)-based alloy under isothermal oxidation condition was study in this paper. The isothermal oxidation behaviour was examined in terms of fine grained and coarse grained 800H Ni-based alloy obtained from heat treatment operation at 1000 °C and 1150 °C, respectively. The heat treated samples were undergo an isothermal oxidation attempt at 500 °C in laboratory air for 500 hours exposure duration. The effects on the oxidation kinetics was examined in terms of weight change measurement. In addition, the effects on the oxide scale growth was observed in terms of phase analysis using XRD technique and surface morphology analysis using FESEM outfitted with EDX spectrometer. As a results, both fine grained and coarse grained 800H Ni-based alloy were obey a parabolic rate law showing that the oxide growth rate was followed a diffusion controlled mechanism. Additionally, fine grained 800H Ni-based alloy sample exhibited a inferior oxidation rate compared to coarse grained sample. The XRD analysis exhibited that the oxides scale composed of Cr2O3, TiO2 and MnCr2O4. The observation on the oxide scale morphology indicate that uniform oxide scales were formed on the alloy surface of both samples. However, coarse grained 800H Ni-based alloy recorded an oxide exfoliation which indicate poor oxidation protection.
International journal of engineering trends and technology, Jun 25, 2017
Aluminium nitride (AlN) is known for its enviable qualities which include; good wear and corrosio... more Aluminium nitride (AlN) is known for its enviable qualities which include; good wear and corrosion resistance, low coefficient of thermal action, low resistivity, wide band gab similar to that of silicon and other properties. For these reasons, the use of AlN to form composite material with aluminium matrix has been employed using powder metallurgy route. Non-wetting of AlN reinforcement by aluminium matrix during sintering, however, has continued to be a subject of concerned, hence necessitating the use of magnesium as a wetting agent. In this paper, the effect magnesium addition on hardness and wear resistance properties of Al-AlN composite has been investigated and presented.
Al based alloy has been widely used in various industries. This research paper aims at the invest... more Al based alloy has been widely used in various industries. This research paper aims at the investigation onto the effect of the percentage of Cu and Ni alloying elements in the corrosion behavior of Al-Cu-Ni alloys. The alloys were characterized by microstructural, physical properties, electrochemical, and phase analysis. Microstructure observation shows the alloys have transformed to dendritic structure. The addition of Ni reveals columnar twinned dendritic to the longitudinal direction of cast ingots. While the addition of Cu increases the density of the sample. The Vickers micro-hardness test shows that sample Al86-Ni5-Cu3-Y6 reached the optimum hardness value 51.36 HV. Tafel Plot performed shows that Al86-Ni5-Cu3-Y6 has the highest Polarization Resistance, Rp, 2 031.82 kΩ and lowest corrosion rate, 0.00380 mm per year. Alloy with high Rp value is highly resistant to corrosion.
The phase and intermetallic thickness of Cu-Zn5 and Cu5Zn8 has been investigated under liquid sta... more The phase and intermetallic thickness of Cu-Zn5 and Cu5Zn8 has been investigated under liquid state aging using reflow method. Both intermetallics were formed by reacting Sn-9Zn lead free solder with copper substrate. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used to see the morphology of the phases and energy dispersive x-ray (EDX) was used to estimate the elemental compositions of the phases. The morphology of the Cu5Zn8 phase was rather flat but when the soldering temperature and time increases, the morphology becomes scallop. Intermetallic thickness measurements show that the thickness of Cu-Zn5 decreases with increasing soldering time and temperature. Whereas, the thickness of Cu5Zn8 intermetallic increases with soldering time and temperature.
A porous anodic aluminium oxide (AAO) films were successfully fabricated on aluminium templates b... more A porous anodic aluminium oxide (AAO) films were successfully fabricated on aluminium templates by using anodizing technique. The anodizing process was done in the mixed acid solution of phosphoric acid and acetic acid. The growth, morphology and chemical composition of AAO film were investigated. During the anodizing process, the growth of the oxide pores was strictly influenced by the anodizing parameters. The anodizing was done by varying the voltage at 70 V to 130 V and temperature from 5 °C to 25 °C. The electrolyte concentration was remaining constant. In this study, all the samples were characterized using scanning electron microscope (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques. From this study, the optimum parameters to obtain porous AAO film with the mixture of phosphoric acid and acetic acid solution can be known.
This research has investigated the properties of low-silver Sn-1.0Ag-0.7Cu (SAC107) alloy. Differ... more This research has investigated the properties of low-silver Sn-1.0Ag-0.7Cu (SAC107) alloy. Different weight percentages (0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75 and 1 wt. %) of silicon nitride (Si3N4) were used as reinforcement particles. The SAC107 - Si3N4 composite solder was fabricated via powder metallurgy (PM) technique. The results showed that homogeneous distribution of Si3N4 particles along the grain boundaries has increased the hardness of the SAC107 - Si3N4 composite solders compared to monolithic SAC107 solder alloy. The melting temperature is maintained at the SAC107 level, indicating that the novel composite solder is suitable for existing soldering process.
In this study, the effect concentration of electrolyte on pore nucleation process during anodizin... more In this study, the effect concentration of electrolyte on pore nucleation process during anodizing was investigated. It was found that the concentration of oxalic acid influenced the morphologies and regularities of porous AAO formed on aluminum-manganese substrate. When the concentration of oxalic acid is 0.1 M, the porous AAO exhibited a disordered pores arrangement and no long range order was observed. However, when the concentration was increased to 0.3 M and 0.5 M, hexagonal pores arrangement and long range order were obtained. Although the hexagonal pore arrangement was still retained, further increasing the concentration of oxalic acid to 0.7 M render the long range order disappeared. The rate of increase of oxide mass of porous AAO increased with the concentration of oxalic acid.
In this study, Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) analysis was conducted on the images of scanning elec... more In this study, Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) analysis was conducted on the images of scanning electron microscope of morphology of the porous anodic alumina formed on high purity aluminium. High purity aluminium substrates were anodized at 50 V in 0.3 M oxalic acid of 15°C for 60 minutes. As anodized porous anodic alumina were then subjected to oxide dissolution treatment of increasing exposure duration, up to three minutes. Micrographs were captured by using scanning electron microscope and the images were analyzed using FFT. It was found that the FFT images of as anodized porous anodic alumina and porous anodic alumina subjected to oxide dissolution treatment up to two minutes were similar, which were disc shaped white forms, indicating no ordered periodic structures were formed. When porous anodic alumina subjected to oxide dissolution treatment for three minutes, FFT image showed six distinct spots at the edges of a hexagon, indicating a perfect hexagonal pore arrangement was obtained for porous anodic alumina subjected to oxide dissolution treatment for three minutes.
In order to generate a nanoporous oxide film, stainless steel 304L is anodized using an alternati... more In order to generate a nanoporous oxide film, stainless steel 304L is anodized using an alternating current (AC) and direct current (DC) source in an ethylene glycol solution containing ammonium fluoride, NH4F, and water, H2O. This study focuses on the differences between AC and DC anodizing in terms of current density versus time response, thickness, and depth of the oxide film formed on the anodized specimens, surface roughness, and element composition of the specimens because there is limited study on AC anodizing of stainless steel. In 0.5% 0.3M NH4F and 3% H2O in a glycol solution, the AC and DC anodizing is conducted for 30 minutes at voltages ranging from 30 V to 50 V and 21.2 V to 35.4 V, respectively. The current density versus time response revealed that AC anodizing produced more current density than DC anodizing. As for the thickness and depth of the generated oxide films, only the specimens that had been anodized in AC indicated an increase in these films, whereas speci...
The behaviour of 800H nickel (Ni)-based alloy under isothermal oxidation condition was study in t... more The behaviour of 800H nickel (Ni)-based alloy under isothermal oxidation condition was study in this paper. The isothermal oxidation behaviour was examined in terms of fine grained and coarse grained 800H Ni-based alloy obtained from heat treatment operation at 1000 °C and 1150 °C, respectively. The heat treated samples were undergo an isothermal oxidation attempt at 500 °C in laboratory air for 500 hours exposure duration. The effects on the oxidation kinetics was examined in terms of weight change measurement. In addition, the effects on the oxide scale growth was observed in terms of phase analysis using XRD technique and surface morphology analysis using FESEM outfitted with EDX spectrometer. As a results, both fine grained and coarse grained 800H Ni-based alloy were obey a parabolic rate law showing that the oxide growth rate was followed a diffusion controlled mechanism. Additionally, fine grained 800H Ni-based alloy sample exhibited a inferior oxidation rate compared to coars...
IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 2020
This paper investigated the intermetallic compound (IMC) layer that formed in Sn-0.7Cu-0.05Ni+1wt... more This paper investigated the intermetallic compound (IMC) layer that formed in Sn-0.7Cu-0.05Ni+1wt.% TiO2 (SCNT) composite solder paste added with reinforcement (TiO2) particles. Besides, the growth of the IMC layer during subsequent aging at temperature of 75 °C, 125 °C and 150 °C also being studied. Scanning electron microscopy was used to observe the IMC growth and to measure the thickness of IMC layer. The interfacial IMC layer has been suppressed whereas the activation energy value of the composite solder paste was high (37.35 kJ/mol) which in turn improved the thermal stability of the IMC layer. Results also show the IMC formed at bulk solder microstructure of SCNT solder paste composite was refined. The presence of TiO2 particles has become the obstacle for the Cu atom diffusion from the substrate to the solder and Sn atom from the solder, thus, successful for the suppression of the IMC layer.
The Mg-1wt.%Ca alloy was fabricated using powder metallurgy method. The anodizing process were do... more The Mg-1wt.%Ca alloy was fabricated using powder metallurgy method. The anodizing process were done by using different voltage (5V, 15V, 25V) and concentration of KOH (0.1M, 0.5M, 1.0M). The surface changes on PM Mg/1wt.%Ca resulted by anodizing was analyzed using SEM-EDX and XRD pattern. Meanwhile, surface hardness was measured by micro-Vickers hardness machine. The experiment found different XRD pattern between all non-anodized and anodized samples. The study found that increasing the voltage will increase the hardness while increasing KOH concentration reduced the hardness. The relation of the hardness and oxide film formation can be analyzed using SEM-EDX and XRD pattern. The optimum value for voltage, KOH concentration and hardness are 25V, 0.1M and 27.2 HV. The XRD detect the changes in PM Mg/1wt.% Ca indicates the oxide film formation.
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