B: Hypertension affects the target-organs diversely. Most evidence on target-organ damage in hype... more B: Hypertension affects the target-organs diversely. Most evidence on target-organ damage in hypertension is related to kidney and heart. The cerebrovascular and cognitive impairment are less studied. O: To study the cognitive function changes in patients with hypertension on different stages compared to the control pairs and their correlation with the arterial stiffness properties assessed by non-invasive methods and cerebral circulation assessed by transcranial Doppler. M: In a cross sectional study 162 patients (42 controls and 120 hypertensive) were comparatively evaluated. Hypertensive patients were divided in three stages according to the blood pressure levels or medication use (HTN-1: BP 140-159/90-99 or use of one antihypertensive drug; HTN-2: BP 160-179/100-109 or use of two drugs and HTN-3: BP ≥180/110 or use of three or more drugs). The following variables were evaluated: pulse wave velocity, intima medial thickness, cerebral blood flow velocities by transcranial Doppler ...
Systemic arterial hypertension (SAH) may be associated with worse cognitive performance, especial... more Systemic arterial hypertension (SAH) may be associated with worse cognitive performance, especially in tasks that evaluate the executive functions (EF). Objective: we aimed to review the evidence regarding which components of executive functions are most affected in adults with SAH. Methods: this systematic review used the PRISMA statement for searching Pubmed, Scielo and Lilacs databases with the keywords “executive function OR executive functioning AND hypertension”. Results: EF tasks were divided into shifting, inhibitory control and updating. A total of 9 cross-sectional and 3 longitudinal studies were selected. Only 3 studies did not report worse performance among SAH patients on EF tasks when compared to normotensive controls. The measures of shifting and inhibitory control were the most frequently investigated and reported as altered among SAH individuals, assessed mainly by the Stroop Test and Trail-Making Test part B, respectively. Conclusion: inhibitory control and shiftin...
The functioning of attention is complex, a primordial function in several cognitive processes and... more The functioning of attention is complex, a primordial function in several cognitive processes and of great interest to neuropsychology. The Test of Variables of Attention (T.O.V.A) is a continuous computerized performance test that evaluates some attention components such as response time to a stimulus and errors due to inattention and impulsivity. Objective: 1) To evaluate the applicability of T.O.V.A in Brazilian adults; 2) To analyze the differences in performance between genders, age ranges, and levels of education; 3) To examine the association between T.O.V.A variables and other attention and cognitive screening tests. Methods: The T.O.V.A was applied to 63 healthy adults (24 to 78 years of age) who also underwent the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), Digit Span and Digit Symbol (Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Adults – WAIS-III) and the Trail Making Test. Results: the T.O.V.A was little influenced by age or education, but was influenc...
Background: Central nervous system changes associated to systemic arterial hypertension (SAH) are... more Background: Central nervous system changes associated to systemic arterial hypertension (SAH) are progressive and may cause negative effects on cognitive performance. The objective of this study was to investigate the relation between SAH and the components of executive functions (EF), inhibitory control (IC), updating and shifting, comparing a control group (without SAH) to patients with SAH, in two levels of severity. Methods: The protocol included the following tests to evaluate EF components: T.O.V.A. Test (IC), Backward Digit Span from Wechsler Adults Intelligence Scale (WAIS-III), Phonemic and Semantic Verbal Fluency (updating), and Trail Making Test Part B (shifting). Results: A total of 204 participants was included: 56 from the Control Group (CG), 87 SAH stage 1, and 61 SAH stage 2. The groups were not different for age (52.37±12.29) and education (10.98±4.06). As to controlled blood pressure (BP), duration of hypertension treatment and number of drugs, the SAH 2 group had ...
Journal of clinical hypertension (Greenwich, Conn.), Jan 5, 2017
Cognitive impairment and elevated arterial stiffness have been described in patients with arteria... more Cognitive impairment and elevated arterial stiffness have been described in patients with arterial hypertension, but their association has not been well studied. We evaluated the correlation of arterial stiffness and different cognitive domains in patients with hypertension compared with those with normotension. We evaluated 211 patients (69 with normotension and 142 with hypertension). Patients were age matched and distributed according to their blood pressure: normotension, hypertension stage 1, and hypertension stage 2. Cognitive function was assessed using the Mini-Mental State Examination, Montreal Cognitive Assessment, and a battery of neuropsychological evaluations that assessed six main cognitive domains. Pulse wave velocity was measured using a Complior device, and carotid properties were assessed by radiofrequency ultrasound. Central arterial pressure and augmentation index were obtained using applanation tonometry. The hypertension stage 2 group had higher arterial stiffn...
Journal of the American Heart Association, Jan 11, 2017
Most evidence of target-organ damage in hypertension (HTN) is related to the kidneys and heart. C... more Most evidence of target-organ damage in hypertension (HTN) is related to the kidneys and heart. Cerebrovascular and cognitive impairment are less well studied. Therefore, this study analyzed changes in cognitive function in patients with different stages of hypertension compared to nonhypertensive controls. In a cross-sectional study, 221 (71 normotensive and 150 hypertensive) patients were compared. Patients with hypertension were divided into 2 stages according to blood pressure (BP) levels or medication use (HTN-1: BP, 140-159/90-99 or use of 1 or 2 antihypertensive drugs; HTN-2: BP, ≥160/100 or use of ≥3 drugs). Three groups were comparatively analyzed: normotension, HTN stage 1, and HTN stage 2. The Mini-Mental State Examination, Montreal Cognitive Assessment, and a validated comprehensive battery of neuropsychological tests that assessed 6 main cognitive domains were used to determine cognitive function. Compared to the normotension and HTN stage-1, the severe HTN group had wo...
B: Hypertension affects the target-organs diversely. Most evidence on target-organ damage in hype... more B: Hypertension affects the target-organs diversely. Most evidence on target-organ damage in hypertension is related to kidney and heart. The cerebrovascular and cognitive impairment are less studied. O: To study the cognitive function changes in patients with hypertension on different stages compared to the control pairs and their correlation with the arterial stiffness properties assessed by non-invasive methods and cerebral circulation assessed by transcranial Doppler. M: In a cross sectional study 162 patients (42 controls and 120 hypertensive) were comparatively evaluated. Hypertensive patients were divided in three stages according to the blood pressure levels or medication use (HTN-1: BP 140-159/90-99 or use of one antihypertensive drug; HTN-2: BP 160-179/100-109 or use of two drugs and HTN-3: BP ≥180/110 or use of three or more drugs). The following variables were evaluated: pulse wave velocity, intima medial thickness, cerebral blood flow velocities by transcranial Doppler ...
Systemic arterial hypertension (SAH) may be associated with worse cognitive performance, especial... more Systemic arterial hypertension (SAH) may be associated with worse cognitive performance, especially in tasks that evaluate the executive functions (EF). Objective: we aimed to review the evidence regarding which components of executive functions are most affected in adults with SAH. Methods: this systematic review used the PRISMA statement for searching Pubmed, Scielo and Lilacs databases with the keywords “executive function OR executive functioning AND hypertension”. Results: EF tasks were divided into shifting, inhibitory control and updating. A total of 9 cross-sectional and 3 longitudinal studies were selected. Only 3 studies did not report worse performance among SAH patients on EF tasks when compared to normotensive controls. The measures of shifting and inhibitory control were the most frequently investigated and reported as altered among SAH individuals, assessed mainly by the Stroop Test and Trail-Making Test part B, respectively. Conclusion: inhibitory control and shiftin...
The functioning of attention is complex, a primordial function in several cognitive processes and... more The functioning of attention is complex, a primordial function in several cognitive processes and of great interest to neuropsychology. The Test of Variables of Attention (T.O.V.A) is a continuous computerized performance test that evaluates some attention components such as response time to a stimulus and errors due to inattention and impulsivity. Objective: 1) To evaluate the applicability of T.O.V.A in Brazilian adults; 2) To analyze the differences in performance between genders, age ranges, and levels of education; 3) To examine the association between T.O.V.A variables and other attention and cognitive screening tests. Methods: The T.O.V.A was applied to 63 healthy adults (24 to 78 years of age) who also underwent the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), Digit Span and Digit Symbol (Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Adults – WAIS-III) and the Trail Making Test. Results: the T.O.V.A was little influenced by age or education, but was influenc...
Background: Central nervous system changes associated to systemic arterial hypertension (SAH) are... more Background: Central nervous system changes associated to systemic arterial hypertension (SAH) are progressive and may cause negative effects on cognitive performance. The objective of this study was to investigate the relation between SAH and the components of executive functions (EF), inhibitory control (IC), updating and shifting, comparing a control group (without SAH) to patients with SAH, in two levels of severity. Methods: The protocol included the following tests to evaluate EF components: T.O.V.A. Test (IC), Backward Digit Span from Wechsler Adults Intelligence Scale (WAIS-III), Phonemic and Semantic Verbal Fluency (updating), and Trail Making Test Part B (shifting). Results: A total of 204 participants was included: 56 from the Control Group (CG), 87 SAH stage 1, and 61 SAH stage 2. The groups were not different for age (52.37±12.29) and education (10.98±4.06). As to controlled blood pressure (BP), duration of hypertension treatment and number of drugs, the SAH 2 group had ...
Journal of clinical hypertension (Greenwich, Conn.), Jan 5, 2017
Cognitive impairment and elevated arterial stiffness have been described in patients with arteria... more Cognitive impairment and elevated arterial stiffness have been described in patients with arterial hypertension, but their association has not been well studied. We evaluated the correlation of arterial stiffness and different cognitive domains in patients with hypertension compared with those with normotension. We evaluated 211 patients (69 with normotension and 142 with hypertension). Patients were age matched and distributed according to their blood pressure: normotension, hypertension stage 1, and hypertension stage 2. Cognitive function was assessed using the Mini-Mental State Examination, Montreal Cognitive Assessment, and a battery of neuropsychological evaluations that assessed six main cognitive domains. Pulse wave velocity was measured using a Complior device, and carotid properties were assessed by radiofrequency ultrasound. Central arterial pressure and augmentation index were obtained using applanation tonometry. The hypertension stage 2 group had higher arterial stiffn...
Journal of the American Heart Association, Jan 11, 2017
Most evidence of target-organ damage in hypertension (HTN) is related to the kidneys and heart. C... more Most evidence of target-organ damage in hypertension (HTN) is related to the kidneys and heart. Cerebrovascular and cognitive impairment are less well studied. Therefore, this study analyzed changes in cognitive function in patients with different stages of hypertension compared to nonhypertensive controls. In a cross-sectional study, 221 (71 normotensive and 150 hypertensive) patients were compared. Patients with hypertension were divided into 2 stages according to blood pressure (BP) levels or medication use (HTN-1: BP, 140-159/90-99 or use of 1 or 2 antihypertensive drugs; HTN-2: BP, ≥160/100 or use of ≥3 drugs). Three groups were comparatively analyzed: normotension, HTN stage 1, and HTN stage 2. The Mini-Mental State Examination, Montreal Cognitive Assessment, and a validated comprehensive battery of neuropsychological tests that assessed 6 main cognitive domains were used to determine cognitive function. Compared to the normotension and HTN stage-1, the severe HTN group had wo...
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