The InGRID workpackage 23 on high-performance statistical quality management focuses on important... more The InGRID workpackage 23 on high-performance statistical quality management focuses on important developments and future needs of statistical indicators in the social sciences. That requires the construction of a shared knowledge on theories and best practices to evaluate the quality and appropriateness of indicators through an empirical analysis. This covers methodological advances as well as practical considerations of indicators for poverty, social exclusion, and related fields. Additionally to methodological advances, a simulation lab is developed to foster open and reproducible research for future developments in the InGRID research area using SILC related data. This second deliverable covers especially future needs in three areas:<br> - Missing values, non-probability samples, and big data<br> - Multi-dimensional indicators<br> - Regional indicators and advances in small area applications<br> The major aim of this deliverable aims to identify research ...
There has been rising interest in research on poverty mapping over the last decade, with the Eu-r... more There has been rising interest in research on poverty mapping over the last decade, with the Eu-ropean Union proposing a core of statistical indicators on poverty commonly known as Laeken Indicators. They include the incidence and the intensity of poverty for a set of domains (e.g. young people, unemployed people). The EU-SILC (European Union – Statistics on Income and Living Conditions) survey represents the most important source of information to estimate these poverty indicators at national or regional level (NUTS 1-2 level). However, local policy makers also require statistics on poverty and living conditions at lower geographical/domain levels, but estimating poverty indicators directly from EU-SILC for these domains often leads to inaccurate estimates. To overcome this problem there are two main strategies: i. increasing the sample size of EU-SILC so that direct estimates become reliable and ii. resort to small area estimation techniques. In this paper we compare these two alt...
The objective of small area estimation (SAE) methods is to use survey data for estimating some ch... more The objective of small area estimation (SAE) methods is to use survey data for estimating some characteristics, such as means, totals, quantiles of items of interest, in areas or domains where the sample size is not large enough to obtain reliable direct estimates. In the last years SAE methods have received a growing interest, since their use in the formulation of new policies and programs, poverty mapping and measurement of well-being indicators at detailed geographical level highly rely on these methods ([1]).
There has been rising interest in research on poverty mapping over the last decade, with the Euro... more There has been rising interest in research on poverty mapping over the last decade, with the European Union proposing a core of statistical indicators on poverty commonly known as Laeken Indicators. They include the incidence and the intensity of poverty for a set of domains (e.g. young people, unemployed people). The EU-SILC (European Union - Statistics on Income and Living Conditions) survey represents the most important source of information to estimate these poverty indicators at national or regional level (NUTS 1-2 level). However, local policy makers also require statistics on poverty and living conditions at lower geographical/domain levels, but estimating poverty indicators directly from EU-SILC for these domains often leads to inaccurate estimates. To overcome this problem there are two main strategies: i. increasing the sample size of EU-SILC so that direct estimates become reliable and ii. resort to small area estimation techniques. In this paper we compare these two alte...
Riassunto: Gli attuali disegni di campionamento utilizzati in ambito agricolo sono stati progetta... more Riassunto: Gli attuali disegni di campionamento utilizzati in ambito agricolo sono stati progettati per avere stime a livello regionale. Per ottenere stime per domini subregionali si rende quindi necessario applicare metodologie specifiche, basate su modelli che utilizzano informazioni ausiliarie relative anche alle aree “vicine”. Tali stimatori indiretti considerano, oltre alla classica variabilita spiegata dalle variabili ausiliarie del modello, anche quella indotta da specifici effetti di area. Seguendo tale approccio, il lavoro descrive l’applicazione, sia a dati simulati che a dati reali (SPA), di uno stimatore EBLUP combinato con un modello a effetti casuali di area spazialmente correlati. I risultati ottenuti permettono la mappatura dell’uso agricolo del territorio regionale con attenzione a domini geografici piu fini di quelli attualmente disponibili.
The timely, accurate monitoring of social indicators, such as poverty or inequality, on a finegra... more The timely, accurate monitoring of social indicators, such as poverty or inequality, on a finegrained spatial and temporal scale is a crucial tool for understanding social phenomena and policymaking, but poses a great challenge to official statistics. This article argues that an interdisciplinary approach, combining the body of statistical research in small area estimation with the body of research in social data mining based on Big Data, can provide novel means to tackle this problem successfully. Big Data derived from the digital crumbs that humans leave behind in their daily activities are in fact providing ever more accurate proxies of social life. Social data mining from these data, coupled with advanced model-based techniques for fine-grained estimates, have the potential to provide a novel microscope through which to view and understand social complexity. This article suggests three ways to use Big Data together with small area estimation techniques, and shows how Big Data ha...
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate whether minor abnormalities of glucose metabo... more OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate whether minor abnormalities of glucose metabolism without gestational diabetes are a risk factor for fetal overgrowth. DESIGN: A sample of 1883 unselected white mother-infant pairs were screened for gestational diabetes using a 50 g 1-h oral glucose challenge test (GCT) in two periods of pregnancy: early (16-20 weeks) and late (26-30 weeks). METHODS: The effects of risk factors (glucose metabolism, previous history of mothers, obesity, multiparity and age of mothers) were estimated using a multinomial logit model. RESULTS: The level of risk was related to gestational age at the appearance of an abnormal GCT. Patients with an abnormal GCT in the early and late periods of pregnancy (Group 1) had a risk of delivering a large for gestational age (LGA) infant seven times higher than the control group (normal GCT in both periods), and patients with a normal GCT in the early period and an abnormal GCT in the late period (Group 2) showed a...
Background: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is common and can have a substantial impact on fe... more Background: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is common and can have a substantial impact on fetal growth, birth weight, and morbidity. The American Diabetes Association recommends GDM testing with either a 3-h, 100-g glucose load (100g) (criteria according to Am J Obstet Gynecol 1982;144:768–73) or a 2-h, 75-g glucose load (75g). We investigated the comparability of the 75g and the 100g tests in the diagnosis of GDM. Methods: From January 1997 to December 1999, in 1061 consecutive Caucasian nonobese and nondiabetic pregnant women who attended the Maternal-Fetal Medicine Unit, we performed GDM testing with a 75-g load during 2 periods of pregnancy: early (16–20 weeks) and late (26–30 weeks). Because we assumed there would be few GBM cases in women with a 1-h plasma glucose <1300 mg/L in the 75g test, we did not retest these women. We retested the remaining women with possible or diagnosed GDM with a 100-g load within a week. Results: GDM was diagnosed in 41 of 227 women with th...
The InGRID workpackage 23 on high-performance statistical quality management focuses on important... more The InGRID workpackage 23 on high-performance statistical quality management focuses on important developments and future needs of statistical indicators in the social sciences. That requires the construction of a shared knowledge on theories and best practices to evaluate the quality and appropriateness of indicators through an empirical analysis. This covers methodological advances as well as practical considerations of indicators for poverty, social exclusion, and related fields. Additionally to methodological advances, a simulation lab is developed to foster open and reproducible research for future developments in the InGRID research area using SILC related data. This second deliverable covers especially future needs in three areas:<br> - Missing values, non-probability samples, and big data<br> - Multi-dimensional indicators<br> - Regional indicators and advances in small area applications<br> The major aim of this deliverable aims to identify research ...
There has been rising interest in research on poverty mapping over the last decade, with the Eu-r... more There has been rising interest in research on poverty mapping over the last decade, with the Eu-ropean Union proposing a core of statistical indicators on poverty commonly known as Laeken Indicators. They include the incidence and the intensity of poverty for a set of domains (e.g. young people, unemployed people). The EU-SILC (European Union – Statistics on Income and Living Conditions) survey represents the most important source of information to estimate these poverty indicators at national or regional level (NUTS 1-2 level). However, local policy makers also require statistics on poverty and living conditions at lower geographical/domain levels, but estimating poverty indicators directly from EU-SILC for these domains often leads to inaccurate estimates. To overcome this problem there are two main strategies: i. increasing the sample size of EU-SILC so that direct estimates become reliable and ii. resort to small area estimation techniques. In this paper we compare these two alt...
The objective of small area estimation (SAE) methods is to use survey data for estimating some ch... more The objective of small area estimation (SAE) methods is to use survey data for estimating some characteristics, such as means, totals, quantiles of items of interest, in areas or domains where the sample size is not large enough to obtain reliable direct estimates. In the last years SAE methods have received a growing interest, since their use in the formulation of new policies and programs, poverty mapping and measurement of well-being indicators at detailed geographical level highly rely on these methods ([1]).
There has been rising interest in research on poverty mapping over the last decade, with the Euro... more There has been rising interest in research on poverty mapping over the last decade, with the European Union proposing a core of statistical indicators on poverty commonly known as Laeken Indicators. They include the incidence and the intensity of poverty for a set of domains (e.g. young people, unemployed people). The EU-SILC (European Union - Statistics on Income and Living Conditions) survey represents the most important source of information to estimate these poverty indicators at national or regional level (NUTS 1-2 level). However, local policy makers also require statistics on poverty and living conditions at lower geographical/domain levels, but estimating poverty indicators directly from EU-SILC for these domains often leads to inaccurate estimates. To overcome this problem there are two main strategies: i. increasing the sample size of EU-SILC so that direct estimates become reliable and ii. resort to small area estimation techniques. In this paper we compare these two alte...
Riassunto: Gli attuali disegni di campionamento utilizzati in ambito agricolo sono stati progetta... more Riassunto: Gli attuali disegni di campionamento utilizzati in ambito agricolo sono stati progettati per avere stime a livello regionale. Per ottenere stime per domini subregionali si rende quindi necessario applicare metodologie specifiche, basate su modelli che utilizzano informazioni ausiliarie relative anche alle aree “vicine”. Tali stimatori indiretti considerano, oltre alla classica variabilita spiegata dalle variabili ausiliarie del modello, anche quella indotta da specifici effetti di area. Seguendo tale approccio, il lavoro descrive l’applicazione, sia a dati simulati che a dati reali (SPA), di uno stimatore EBLUP combinato con un modello a effetti casuali di area spazialmente correlati. I risultati ottenuti permettono la mappatura dell’uso agricolo del territorio regionale con attenzione a domini geografici piu fini di quelli attualmente disponibili.
The timely, accurate monitoring of social indicators, such as poverty or inequality, on a finegra... more The timely, accurate monitoring of social indicators, such as poverty or inequality, on a finegrained spatial and temporal scale is a crucial tool for understanding social phenomena and policymaking, but poses a great challenge to official statistics. This article argues that an interdisciplinary approach, combining the body of statistical research in small area estimation with the body of research in social data mining based on Big Data, can provide novel means to tackle this problem successfully. Big Data derived from the digital crumbs that humans leave behind in their daily activities are in fact providing ever more accurate proxies of social life. Social data mining from these data, coupled with advanced model-based techniques for fine-grained estimates, have the potential to provide a novel microscope through which to view and understand social complexity. This article suggests three ways to use Big Data together with small area estimation techniques, and shows how Big Data ha...
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate whether minor abnormalities of glucose metabo... more OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate whether minor abnormalities of glucose metabolism without gestational diabetes are a risk factor for fetal overgrowth. DESIGN: A sample of 1883 unselected white mother-infant pairs were screened for gestational diabetes using a 50 g 1-h oral glucose challenge test (GCT) in two periods of pregnancy: early (16-20 weeks) and late (26-30 weeks). METHODS: The effects of risk factors (glucose metabolism, previous history of mothers, obesity, multiparity and age of mothers) were estimated using a multinomial logit model. RESULTS: The level of risk was related to gestational age at the appearance of an abnormal GCT. Patients with an abnormal GCT in the early and late periods of pregnancy (Group 1) had a risk of delivering a large for gestational age (LGA) infant seven times higher than the control group (normal GCT in both periods), and patients with a normal GCT in the early period and an abnormal GCT in the late period (Group 2) showed a...
Background: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is common and can have a substantial impact on fe... more Background: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is common and can have a substantial impact on fetal growth, birth weight, and morbidity. The American Diabetes Association recommends GDM testing with either a 3-h, 100-g glucose load (100g) (criteria according to Am J Obstet Gynecol 1982;144:768–73) or a 2-h, 75-g glucose load (75g). We investigated the comparability of the 75g and the 100g tests in the diagnosis of GDM. Methods: From January 1997 to December 1999, in 1061 consecutive Caucasian nonobese and nondiabetic pregnant women who attended the Maternal-Fetal Medicine Unit, we performed GDM testing with a 75-g load during 2 periods of pregnancy: early (16–20 weeks) and late (26–30 weeks). Because we assumed there would be few GBM cases in women with a 1-h plasma glucose <1300 mg/L in the 75g test, we did not retest these women. We retested the remaining women with possible or diagnosed GDM with a 100-g load within a week. Results: GDM was diagnosed in 41 of 227 women with th...
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