Dermatoglyphic patterns have positive correlation in a number of genetic diseases. This research ... more Dermatoglyphic patterns have positive correlation in a number of genetic diseases. This research was carried out to determine any possible relationship between dermatoglyphics and autism in Nigeria using digital and palmar patterns, total ridge count, a-b ridge count and crease pattern. The digital and palmar prints of 20 autistic subjects from an autistic centre in Port Harcourt, Rivers state Nigeria were taken with parental guidance. The percentage frequency distribution of the digital pattern of the autistic subject was 49.5% for the arch, 18.5% for the whorl, 28.5% for the ulnar loop and 3.5% for the radial loop against 44% for the ulnar loop, 25.5% for the arch, 22% for the whorl and 8.5% for the radial loop for normal subjects. The mean values of the a –b ridge counts on the right and left hands of autistic male were 34.66 and 33.33 against 36.40 and 31.33 in non-autistic children respectively while in female they were 38.6 and 35.8 against 41.40 and 38.6 respectively. Though ...
Cephalic index is an important parameter useful in establishing racial and sexual dimorphism. Thi... more Cephalic index is an important parameter useful in establishing racial and sexual dimorphism. This study was carried out to determine the cephalic indices of adult Yorubas of age 18 to 40 years. One thousand and twenty (1020) Yoruba adults consisting of 493 males and 527 females were recruited randomly for the study. These were all residents of Port Harcourt, Rivers State of Nigeria. The mean cephalic index of Yorubas without reference to gender was 74.39 ± 5.41. Dominant and rare types of head shapes are dolicocephalic (68.33%) and hyperbrachycephalic (5.00%), respectively. The mean cephalic indices were 75.02 ± 4.76 (mesocephalic) in males and 73.75 ± 5.13 (dolicocephalic) in females. We conclude that Yoruba males are mesocephalic while Yoruba females are dolicocephalic. Besides, this study also reveals dolicocephalization tending towards mesocephalization amongst Yorubas. These findings will be very useful in forensic science, physical and medical anthropology, and clinical pract...
The Body Mass Index (BMI) is an important anthropometric tool used in the determination of how mu... more The Body Mass Index (BMI) is an important anthropometric tool used in the determination of how much of the body is composed of fat. The BMI determines the caloric nutritional status of an individual by the consideration of the result of its ratio of weight in kilogram to the square of the height of in metres. The determination of the differences in nutritional status that exist between the Ogonis and Ikwerres using their body mass indices and Waist to Hip Ratio is the purpose of this research so as to inform us on the classification of the ethnic groups whether they are underweight, overweight, normal and/or obese. A sample size of 1000 was used for this study, 500 from each tribe. The sample collection was randomly selected from villages in Ogoni and Ikwerre respectively, all in Rivers State. The results obtained showed that the average mean value of BMI is 25.14 kg/m 2 for Ogoni females, 23.81 kg/m 2 for Ogoni males, 23.29 kg/m 2 for Ikwerre females and 21.51 kg/m 2 for Ikwerre ma...
Journal of International Research in Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Apr 14, 2017
The auricular position and orientation is highly complex and as such forensic scientists as well ... more The auricular position and orientation is highly complex and as such forensic scientists as well as reconstructive surgeons require detailed information about its typical dimensions. These information will aid in personal identification and design of auricular products. This study focused on establishing a quick but accurate sex differentiation tool in forensic science. A total of 200 subjects (100 males and 100 females) Kalabari indigens of Rivers State, Nigeria were used in this study. Four auricular dimensions; [Total Ear Height (TEH), Ear Width (EW), Lobular Height (LH) and lobular Width (LW)] were measured and the data analyzed using SPSS version 23. The mean values for male subjects on the right were; 65.83 ± 60.55 mm, 31.38 ± 3.36 mm, 14.39 ± 2.92 mm, and 12.27 ± 1.75 mm respectively, while on the left; 59.75 ± 4.80 mm, 31.14 ± 3.28 mm, 14.36 ± 2.73 mm and 12.10 ± 1.57 mm respectively. Those of the female subjects on the right were 59.38 ± 6.95 mm, 30.31 ± 3.57 mm, 12.68 ± 2.06 mm and 51.24 ± 5.76 mm respectively. While on the left side, we have 59.18 ± 6.23 mm, 29.60 ± 3.15 mm, 13.58 ± 9.63 mm and 50.39 ± 5.37 mm respectively. The findings made in this study, showed that mean values of auricular dimensions were higher in males as compared to the females (P < 0.05). These differences were significant for the left total ear width as well as the left ear index. Concerning the right and left auricular parameters, male subjects did not show any significant difference with respect to side (P < 0.05), while the females showed significance in the right and left total ear width (P = 0.02) as well as left ear index (P = 0.02). These sex related differences were said to be sexually dimorphic.
This study investigates the nutritional health status of adults in Obowo L.G.A. Imo State, Nigeri... more This study investigates the nutritional health status of adults in Obowo L.G.A. Imo State, Nigeria, as indicated by their BMI and WHR. 500 adults were recruited for the study and using standard procedures, their height, weight, and waist-hip circumference, were measured and recorded for BMI and WHR determination. Data were analyzed using SPSS for discrete statistics and test of significance. Results showed a non-significant difference (P>0.05) in the mean BMI between males (26.45±0.73kg/m 2 ) and females (24.65±0.16kg/m 2 ). Male subjects presented a greater degree of obesity and are at a higher risk for cardiovascular diseases as 1.6%, 42.8%, 28% and 27.6% of the males and 2.8%, 60.4%, 22.8% and 14% of the females were found to be underweight, normal, overweight and obese respectively. However, a significant difference (P<0.05) was observed in the mean WHR between the males (0.92) and females (0.80), and while the health condition of 2.4% of the males were good, that of 13.6%...
Canthal index is an important component of craniofacial anthropometry. Craniofacial anthropometry... more Canthal index is an important component of craniofacial anthropometry. Craniofacial anthropometry is vital in making a precise and systematic measurement of human skull. One thousand (1000) adults comprising 500 males and 500 females were used for this study. Five hundred (500) comprising 250 males and 250 females were from either Urhobo or Itsekiri ethnic group of Delta state. All the subjects were drawn from Warri in Delta State. The subjects were measured for inner and outer canthal distances using a non stretchable plastic ruler and the canthal index was calculated. The results showed that Urhobo males and females had inner canthal distances of 3.40cm and 3.00cm respectively, outer canthal distances of 13.10cm and 12.10cm and mean canthal indices of 24.38 and 29.38 respectively while Itsekiri males and females had inner canthal distances of 3.50cm and 3.30cm respectively ,outer canthal distances of 12.90cm and 11.40cm and mean canthal indices of 26.03 and 27.07 respectively .Can...
The aim of this study was to determine and compare the frequencies of ocular dominance amongst th... more The aim of this study was to determine and compare the frequencies of ocular dominance amongst the Okrikas and Ikwerres of Rivers State, Nigeria. A total of 1000 questionnaires were used, out of which 534 questionnaires were administered to the Okrikas and 466 to the Ikwerres, cutting across all age groups. 92.2% of the subjects used in this study were right-eye dominant, 5.5% were left-eye dominant with only 2.3% using both eyes. 89.7% and 95.1% of Okrikas and Ikwerres respectively were found to be right-eye dominant, while 7.1% and 3.6% of Okrikas and Ikwerres respectively were found to be left-eye dominant. The study also shows that 3.2% of Okrikas use both eyes as against 1.3% of the Ikwerres (equidominant). Most people switch eye preference depending upon the task being carried out, while some do not change their eye preference no matter the task they perform. Majority of the people preferred eye corresponds with their preferred hand, while some change their preferred eye and h...
Background: The Doppler scan serves as an early and non-invasive diagnostic tool for carotid arte... more Background: The Doppler scan serves as an early and non-invasive diagnostic tool for carotid artery disease due to its location, which is significant for cerebrovascular accidents. The carotid diameter has been associated with hypertension just as a sexual variation in hypertensives is documented. However, the difference among healthy individuals with normal pressure and body weight with relation to the diameter of the carotid is not proven among healthy Nigerians. Objective: The objective of the study is to identify a sexual dimorphism in the diameter of the carotid artery and its association with body mass index and blood pressure among normotensive Nigerians. Materials and Methods: A total of 104 were sampled with the average age of 28 years comprising 62 males and 42 females. Doppler ultrasound scans of common, internal, and external carotid arteries were made by an experienced radiologist using a linear transducer with a frequency of 7.0 Mhz. Diameter measurements were taken in...
Objective: To examine the relationship between malignant mammary neoplasm and dermatoglyphic patt... more Objective: To examine the relationship between malignant mammary neoplasm and dermatoglyphic patterns of hands. Methodology and results: Palmar and digital prints from 20 women with histologically proven malignant mammary neoplasm (case group) were compared to palmar and digital prints from 25 women with no history of any malignant diseases (control group) to establish a relationship with dermatoglyphic patterns of hands. Of the patterns analyzed, ulnar loop showed a statistically significant association with malignant mammary neoplasm in 8 out of 10 digits, which has the highest, mean percentage frequency of digital pattern followed by whorls, arch and lastly the radial loop. In addition, women with malignant mammary neoplasm showed significantly high mean DAT angle (62.70 ± 2.85 and 61.66 ±2.56) for right and left hand respectively, and a reduced total ridge count (12.61 ± 2.21). Conclusion and application of findings : The results demonstrate that dermatoglyphic patterns and valu...
This determines and compares the human physical variations in some selected anthropometric parame... more This determines and compares the human physical variations in some selected anthropometric parameters among the Itsekiri and Okpe ethnic communities Delta, Nigeria. 1000 apparently healthy adult subjects comprising 250 males and 250 females from each of the communities, were randomly selected for this study. Using standard laboratory procedures, height, knee height, waist circumference, hip circumference, arm length, head length, head breadth, nasal length, and nasal breadth were measured while nasal index, waist/hip ratio and cephalic index were calculated using standard formulae. Results showed that the two ethnic groups presented typical nose (platyrrhine) and head (dolicocephaly) types for African populations. Except for nasal index (90.78 vs 92.05), the Itsekiris’ presented higher mean head length (18.45cm vs 18.29cm), head breadth (13.46cm vs 13.06cm), cephalic index (73.04 vs 71.84), nasal height(4.59cm vs 4.38cm), nasal breadth (4.14cm vs 4.06cm), waist circumference (80.75c...
The study estimated sex using occlusal tooth wear. A total of 202 Igbo adults (aged 21 – 60 years... more The study estimated sex using occlusal tooth wear. A total of 202 Igbo adults (aged 21 – 60 years), resident in the south-eastern part of Nigeria were used for the study. Those who gave their consent and reached the benchmark for selection were sampled. Tooth wear patterns were obtained using alginate-based impression material obtained from alginate (using a grade IV dental stone). Tooth wear (TW) was scored from the casts using the adjusted Kim’s scoring system. Occlusal wear was scored 0-10 according to the pattern and degree of wear. The teeth were numbered: 14, 15, 16, 17, 24, 25, 26, 27, 34, 35, 36, 37, 44, 45, 46 and 47 following FDI nomenclature. Results were analyzed using SPSS (IBM®, version 25.0, Armonk, New York, USA) and Minitab (Minitab® Inc., version 18.0, Pennsylvania). Results values were presented in descriptive statistics, Mann Whitney U test, was used to establish sex and paired t-test for side differences, while Decision Tree using Chi-square Automatic Interactio...
Dermatoglyphic patterns have positive correlation in a number of genetic diseases. This research ... more Dermatoglyphic patterns have positive correlation in a number of genetic diseases. This research was carried out to determine any possible relationship between dermatoglyphics and autism in Nigeria using digital and palmar patterns, total ridge count, a-b ridge count and crease pattern. The digital and palmar prints of 20 autistic subjects from an autistic centre in Port Harcourt, Rivers state Nigeria were taken with parental guidance. The percentage frequency distribution of the digital pattern of the autistic subject was 49.5% for the arch, 18.5% for the whorl, 28.5% for the ulnar loop and 3.5% for the radial loop against 44% for the ulnar loop, 25.5% for the arch, 22% for the whorl and 8.5% for the radial loop for normal subjects. The mean values of the a –b ridge counts on the right and left hands of autistic male were 34.66 and 33.33 against 36.40 and 31.33 in non-autistic children respectively while in female they were 38.6 and 35.8 against 41.40 and 38.6 respectively. Though ...
Cephalic index is an important parameter useful in establishing racial and sexual dimorphism. Thi... more Cephalic index is an important parameter useful in establishing racial and sexual dimorphism. This study was carried out to determine the cephalic indices of adult Yorubas of age 18 to 40 years. One thousand and twenty (1020) Yoruba adults consisting of 493 males and 527 females were recruited randomly for the study. These were all residents of Port Harcourt, Rivers State of Nigeria. The mean cephalic index of Yorubas without reference to gender was 74.39 ± 5.41. Dominant and rare types of head shapes are dolicocephalic (68.33%) and hyperbrachycephalic (5.00%), respectively. The mean cephalic indices were 75.02 ± 4.76 (mesocephalic) in males and 73.75 ± 5.13 (dolicocephalic) in females. We conclude that Yoruba males are mesocephalic while Yoruba females are dolicocephalic. Besides, this study also reveals dolicocephalization tending towards mesocephalization amongst Yorubas. These findings will be very useful in forensic science, physical and medical anthropology, and clinical pract...
The Body Mass Index (BMI) is an important anthropometric tool used in the determination of how mu... more The Body Mass Index (BMI) is an important anthropometric tool used in the determination of how much of the body is composed of fat. The BMI determines the caloric nutritional status of an individual by the consideration of the result of its ratio of weight in kilogram to the square of the height of in metres. The determination of the differences in nutritional status that exist between the Ogonis and Ikwerres using their body mass indices and Waist to Hip Ratio is the purpose of this research so as to inform us on the classification of the ethnic groups whether they are underweight, overweight, normal and/or obese. A sample size of 1000 was used for this study, 500 from each tribe. The sample collection was randomly selected from villages in Ogoni and Ikwerre respectively, all in Rivers State. The results obtained showed that the average mean value of BMI is 25.14 kg/m 2 for Ogoni females, 23.81 kg/m 2 for Ogoni males, 23.29 kg/m 2 for Ikwerre females and 21.51 kg/m 2 for Ikwerre ma...
Journal of International Research in Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Apr 14, 2017
The auricular position and orientation is highly complex and as such forensic scientists as well ... more The auricular position and orientation is highly complex and as such forensic scientists as well as reconstructive surgeons require detailed information about its typical dimensions. These information will aid in personal identification and design of auricular products. This study focused on establishing a quick but accurate sex differentiation tool in forensic science. A total of 200 subjects (100 males and 100 females) Kalabari indigens of Rivers State, Nigeria were used in this study. Four auricular dimensions; [Total Ear Height (TEH), Ear Width (EW), Lobular Height (LH) and lobular Width (LW)] were measured and the data analyzed using SPSS version 23. The mean values for male subjects on the right were; 65.83 ± 60.55 mm, 31.38 ± 3.36 mm, 14.39 ± 2.92 mm, and 12.27 ± 1.75 mm respectively, while on the left; 59.75 ± 4.80 mm, 31.14 ± 3.28 mm, 14.36 ± 2.73 mm and 12.10 ± 1.57 mm respectively. Those of the female subjects on the right were 59.38 ± 6.95 mm, 30.31 ± 3.57 mm, 12.68 ± 2.06 mm and 51.24 ± 5.76 mm respectively. While on the left side, we have 59.18 ± 6.23 mm, 29.60 ± 3.15 mm, 13.58 ± 9.63 mm and 50.39 ± 5.37 mm respectively. The findings made in this study, showed that mean values of auricular dimensions were higher in males as compared to the females (P &lt; 0.05). These differences were significant for the left total ear width as well as the left ear index. Concerning the right and left auricular parameters, male subjects did not show any significant difference with respect to side (P &lt; 0.05), while the females showed significance in the right and left total ear width (P = 0.02) as well as left ear index (P = 0.02). These sex related differences were said to be sexually dimorphic.
This study investigates the nutritional health status of adults in Obowo L.G.A. Imo State, Nigeri... more This study investigates the nutritional health status of adults in Obowo L.G.A. Imo State, Nigeria, as indicated by their BMI and WHR. 500 adults were recruited for the study and using standard procedures, their height, weight, and waist-hip circumference, were measured and recorded for BMI and WHR determination. Data were analyzed using SPSS for discrete statistics and test of significance. Results showed a non-significant difference (P>0.05) in the mean BMI between males (26.45±0.73kg/m 2 ) and females (24.65±0.16kg/m 2 ). Male subjects presented a greater degree of obesity and are at a higher risk for cardiovascular diseases as 1.6%, 42.8%, 28% and 27.6% of the males and 2.8%, 60.4%, 22.8% and 14% of the females were found to be underweight, normal, overweight and obese respectively. However, a significant difference (P<0.05) was observed in the mean WHR between the males (0.92) and females (0.80), and while the health condition of 2.4% of the males were good, that of 13.6%...
Canthal index is an important component of craniofacial anthropometry. Craniofacial anthropometry... more Canthal index is an important component of craniofacial anthropometry. Craniofacial anthropometry is vital in making a precise and systematic measurement of human skull. One thousand (1000) adults comprising 500 males and 500 females were used for this study. Five hundred (500) comprising 250 males and 250 females were from either Urhobo or Itsekiri ethnic group of Delta state. All the subjects were drawn from Warri in Delta State. The subjects were measured for inner and outer canthal distances using a non stretchable plastic ruler and the canthal index was calculated. The results showed that Urhobo males and females had inner canthal distances of 3.40cm and 3.00cm respectively, outer canthal distances of 13.10cm and 12.10cm and mean canthal indices of 24.38 and 29.38 respectively while Itsekiri males and females had inner canthal distances of 3.50cm and 3.30cm respectively ,outer canthal distances of 12.90cm and 11.40cm and mean canthal indices of 26.03 and 27.07 respectively .Can...
The aim of this study was to determine and compare the frequencies of ocular dominance amongst th... more The aim of this study was to determine and compare the frequencies of ocular dominance amongst the Okrikas and Ikwerres of Rivers State, Nigeria. A total of 1000 questionnaires were used, out of which 534 questionnaires were administered to the Okrikas and 466 to the Ikwerres, cutting across all age groups. 92.2% of the subjects used in this study were right-eye dominant, 5.5% were left-eye dominant with only 2.3% using both eyes. 89.7% and 95.1% of Okrikas and Ikwerres respectively were found to be right-eye dominant, while 7.1% and 3.6% of Okrikas and Ikwerres respectively were found to be left-eye dominant. The study also shows that 3.2% of Okrikas use both eyes as against 1.3% of the Ikwerres (equidominant). Most people switch eye preference depending upon the task being carried out, while some do not change their eye preference no matter the task they perform. Majority of the people preferred eye corresponds with their preferred hand, while some change their preferred eye and h...
Background: The Doppler scan serves as an early and non-invasive diagnostic tool for carotid arte... more Background: The Doppler scan serves as an early and non-invasive diagnostic tool for carotid artery disease due to its location, which is significant for cerebrovascular accidents. The carotid diameter has been associated with hypertension just as a sexual variation in hypertensives is documented. However, the difference among healthy individuals with normal pressure and body weight with relation to the diameter of the carotid is not proven among healthy Nigerians. Objective: The objective of the study is to identify a sexual dimorphism in the diameter of the carotid artery and its association with body mass index and blood pressure among normotensive Nigerians. Materials and Methods: A total of 104 were sampled with the average age of 28 years comprising 62 males and 42 females. Doppler ultrasound scans of common, internal, and external carotid arteries were made by an experienced radiologist using a linear transducer with a frequency of 7.0 Mhz. Diameter measurements were taken in...
Objective: To examine the relationship between malignant mammary neoplasm and dermatoglyphic patt... more Objective: To examine the relationship between malignant mammary neoplasm and dermatoglyphic patterns of hands. Methodology and results: Palmar and digital prints from 20 women with histologically proven malignant mammary neoplasm (case group) were compared to palmar and digital prints from 25 women with no history of any malignant diseases (control group) to establish a relationship with dermatoglyphic patterns of hands. Of the patterns analyzed, ulnar loop showed a statistically significant association with malignant mammary neoplasm in 8 out of 10 digits, which has the highest, mean percentage frequency of digital pattern followed by whorls, arch and lastly the radial loop. In addition, women with malignant mammary neoplasm showed significantly high mean DAT angle (62.70 ± 2.85 and 61.66 ±2.56) for right and left hand respectively, and a reduced total ridge count (12.61 ± 2.21). Conclusion and application of findings : The results demonstrate that dermatoglyphic patterns and valu...
This determines and compares the human physical variations in some selected anthropometric parame... more This determines and compares the human physical variations in some selected anthropometric parameters among the Itsekiri and Okpe ethnic communities Delta, Nigeria. 1000 apparently healthy adult subjects comprising 250 males and 250 females from each of the communities, were randomly selected for this study. Using standard laboratory procedures, height, knee height, waist circumference, hip circumference, arm length, head length, head breadth, nasal length, and nasal breadth were measured while nasal index, waist/hip ratio and cephalic index were calculated using standard formulae. Results showed that the two ethnic groups presented typical nose (platyrrhine) and head (dolicocephaly) types for African populations. Except for nasal index (90.78 vs 92.05), the Itsekiris’ presented higher mean head length (18.45cm vs 18.29cm), head breadth (13.46cm vs 13.06cm), cephalic index (73.04 vs 71.84), nasal height(4.59cm vs 4.38cm), nasal breadth (4.14cm vs 4.06cm), waist circumference (80.75c...
The study estimated sex using occlusal tooth wear. A total of 202 Igbo adults (aged 21 – 60 years... more The study estimated sex using occlusal tooth wear. A total of 202 Igbo adults (aged 21 – 60 years), resident in the south-eastern part of Nigeria were used for the study. Those who gave their consent and reached the benchmark for selection were sampled. Tooth wear patterns were obtained using alginate-based impression material obtained from alginate (using a grade IV dental stone). Tooth wear (TW) was scored from the casts using the adjusted Kim’s scoring system. Occlusal wear was scored 0-10 according to the pattern and degree of wear. The teeth were numbered: 14, 15, 16, 17, 24, 25, 26, 27, 34, 35, 36, 37, 44, 45, 46 and 47 following FDI nomenclature. Results were analyzed using SPSS (IBM®, version 25.0, Armonk, New York, USA) and Minitab (Minitab® Inc., version 18.0, Pennsylvania). Results values were presented in descriptive statistics, Mann Whitney U test, was used to establish sex and paired t-test for side differences, while Decision Tree using Chi-square Automatic Interactio...
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