Water is the most essential product that is consumed by humans, which must be prevented from dete... more Water is the most essential product that is consumed by humans, which must be prevented from deterioration in quality. The quality of drinking water becomes even more important as water borne diseases spread through water. For this purpose, we assess the quality of drinking water in the city of Kumanova with some physico-chemical parameters, which have a significant role in determining the potability of drinking water. The obtained results were compared with Macedonian standards as well as with those set by the WHO and the EU. In this research, parameters such as temperature, turbidity, RC, pH, EC, TRAE, TDS, COD, nitrites, nitrates, ammonia and chlorides were found to be within the permissible limits, while residual chlorine in one case were found to be below lower than the recommended limit. Finally, the Drinking Water Quality Index (DWQI) developed by Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment for five sample points is calculated. It has been found that drinking water in the 2011 spring season was of a Excellent category (average value of DWQI = 95.21) and suitable for drinking. We recommend that the relevant municipal authorities make regular and proper amount disinfection of drinking water, as there is no compromise that can be made when it comes to the drinking water.
Tetracyclines are broad-spectrum antibiotics, so they are widely used to treat infection diseases... more Tetracyclines are broad-spectrum antibiotics, so they are widely used to treat infection diseases in veterinary and human medicine. The inappropriate use of antibiotics can lead to the presence of residues in milk and this can pose a risk to health of humans. Therefore, the European Union has established maximum residue levels (MRLs) for most antibiotics in milk and animal tissues. The aim of this study is validation of LC-MS/MS method for detection of tetracyclin (TC) and oxytetrayclin (OTC) antibiotics in milk. The samples were cleaned on an Oasis HLB solid-phase extraction cartridge. Chromatographic separation was carried out on C18 column (50 x 2.1 mm, 1.7µm) with mobile phase A: 0.1% formic acid in water and mobile phase B: 0.1% formic acid in acetonitrile. Validation of the method was performed according the criteria of Commission Decision 2002/657/EC. In validation procedure were evaluated: linearity, decision limit (CCα), detection capability (CCβ), accuracy, precision and reproducibility of the method. The results for optimization of MS/MS method are with agreement with reference’s data. The method demonstrated good linearity on the concentration range from 50.0 to 300.0 µg/L CCα and CCβ were below MRLs. The precision and reproducibility were evaluated by RSD, % (relative standard deviation,%). The recovery values were varies from 70-105% with RSD <20%. In conclusion, the LC-MS/MS method was sensitive and suitable for routine analysis for detection of these antibiotics in milk.
Abstract: Problem statement: The quality of drinking water is a crucial factor for human health. ... more Abstract: Problem statement: The quality of drinking water is a crucial factor for human health. The objective of this study was the assessment of physical, chemical and bacteriological quality of the drinking water in the city of Tetova and several surrounding villages in the Republic of Macedonia for the period May 2007-2008. The sampling and analysis are conducted in accordance with State Regulation No. 57/2004, which is in compliance with EU and WHO standards. A total of 415 samples were taken for chemical, physical and bacteriological analysis. Approach: We had used the Canadian Drinking Water Quality Index (DWQI) for the quality assessment of drinking water. Results: The results of the samples taken in Tetova point to better hygienic and sanitary conditions than in the rural drinking network, mainly due to improper disinfection practices. The results show that the highest water quality was recorded at the SEEU (DWQI = 92.69), whereas the lowest quality at Shipkovica (DWQI = 63...
Water is the most essential product that is consumed by humans, which must be prevented from dete... more Water is the most essential product that is consumed by humans, which must be prevented from deterioration in quality. The quality of drinking water becomes even more important as water borne diseases spread through water. For this purpose, we assess the quality of drinking water in the city of Tetova with some physico-chemical parameters, which have a significant role in determining the potability of drinking water. The obtained results were compared with Macedonian standards as well as with those set by the WHO and the EU. In this research, parameters such as temperature, pH, EC, TRAE, TDS, COD, TOC, DOC, nitrates and chlorides were found to be within the permissible limits, while turbidity and residual chlorine in some cases were found to be below ore above the recommended limit. Finally, the Drinking Water Quality Index (DWQI) developed by Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment for fifteen sample points is calculated. It has been found that drinking water in the 2011 s...
Water is the most essential product that is consumed by humans, which must be prevented from dete... more Water is the most essential product that is consumed by humans, which must be prevented from deterioration in quality. The quality of drinking water becomes even more important as water borne diseases spread through water. For this purpose, we assess the quality of drinking water in the city of Kumanova with some physico-chemical parameters, which have a significant role in determining the potability of drinking water. The obtained results were compared with Macedonian standards as well as with those set by the WHO and the EU. In this research, parameters such as temperature, turbidity, RC, pH, EC, TRAE, TDS, COD, nitrites, nitrates, ammonia and chlorides were found to be within the permissible limits, while residual chlorine in one case were found to be below lower than the recommended limit. Finally, the Drinking Water Quality Index (DWQI) developed by Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment for five sample points is calculated. It has been found that drinking water in the 2011 spring season was of a Excellent category (average value of DWQI = 95.21) and suitable for drinking. We recommend that the relevant municipal authorities make regular and proper amount disinfection of drinking water, as there is no compromise that can be made when it comes to the drinking water.
Tetracyclines are broad-spectrum antibiotics, so they are widely used to treat infection diseases... more Tetracyclines are broad-spectrum antibiotics, so they are widely used to treat infection diseases in veterinary and human medicine. The inappropriate use of antibiotics can lead to the presence of residues in milk and this can pose a risk to health of humans. Therefore, the European Union has established maximum residue levels (MRLs) for most antibiotics in milk and animal tissues. The aim of this study is validation of LC-MS/MS method for detection of tetracyclin (TC) and oxytetrayclin (OTC) antibiotics in milk. The samples were cleaned on an Oasis HLB solid-phase extraction cartridge. Chromatographic separation was carried out on C18 column (50 x 2.1 mm, 1.7µm) with mobile phase A: 0.1% formic acid in water and mobile phase B: 0.1% formic acid in acetonitrile. Validation of the method was performed according the criteria of Commission Decision 2002/657/EC. In validation procedure were evaluated: linearity, decision limit (CCα), detection capability (CCβ), accuracy, precision and reproducibility of the method. The results for optimization of MS/MS method are with agreement with reference’s data. The method demonstrated good linearity on the concentration range from 50.0 to 300.0 µg/L CCα and CCβ were below MRLs. The precision and reproducibility were evaluated by RSD, % (relative standard deviation,%). The recovery values were varies from 70-105% with RSD <20%. In conclusion, the LC-MS/MS method was sensitive and suitable for routine analysis for detection of these antibiotics in milk.
Abstract: Problem statement: The quality of drinking water is a crucial factor for human health. ... more Abstract: Problem statement: The quality of drinking water is a crucial factor for human health. The objective of this study was the assessment of physical, chemical and bacteriological quality of the drinking water in the city of Tetova and several surrounding villages in the Republic of Macedonia for the period May 2007-2008. The sampling and analysis are conducted in accordance with State Regulation No. 57/2004, which is in compliance with EU and WHO standards. A total of 415 samples were taken for chemical, physical and bacteriological analysis. Approach: We had used the Canadian Drinking Water Quality Index (DWQI) for the quality assessment of drinking water. Results: The results of the samples taken in Tetova point to better hygienic and sanitary conditions than in the rural drinking network, mainly due to improper disinfection practices. The results show that the highest water quality was recorded at the SEEU (DWQI = 92.69), whereas the lowest quality at Shipkovica (DWQI = 63...
Water is the most essential product that is consumed by humans, which must be prevented from dete... more Water is the most essential product that is consumed by humans, which must be prevented from deterioration in quality. The quality of drinking water becomes even more important as water borne diseases spread through water. For this purpose, we assess the quality of drinking water in the city of Tetova with some physico-chemical parameters, which have a significant role in determining the potability of drinking water. The obtained results were compared with Macedonian standards as well as with those set by the WHO and the EU. In this research, parameters such as temperature, pH, EC, TRAE, TDS, COD, TOC, DOC, nitrates and chlorides were found to be within the permissible limits, while turbidity and residual chlorine in some cases were found to be below ore above the recommended limit. Finally, the Drinking Water Quality Index (DWQI) developed by Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment for fifteen sample points is calculated. It has been found that drinking water in the 2011 s...
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Papers by Agim Shabani