The examination delves into Europe's most recently contentious topic: the European Union's
eastw... more The examination delves into Europe's most recently contentious topic: the European Union's eastward expansion. It will highlight the enterprise of welcoming new members to the European Union as both a good and negative process for greater European integration and sustainability by focusing on Eastern European nations. The investigation is conducted via the lenses of law, as well as other areas such as history, politics, economic growth, and cultural traits, all of which are critical themes that always intertwine in these nations' Europeanization processes. The study will also consider the example of a former communist country that became a member of the European Union, Poland, which had a solid development until the sickness of populism took over the establishments and caused the state to take many steps back in terms of rule of law and democratic progress, leaving the European Union at a crossroads, between the application of art 7 of the TEU - in short terms to exclude Poland from the Union - or to sanction it. Another country that will be examined in our study is Turkey, whose integration process has been halted due to non-acceptance of its possible presence by existing Union members such as Austria and Cyprus, as well as internal problems that have kept the country from achieving its dream of becoming closer to European partners. It is important to take into consideration the fact that the country has gone through a lengthy secularization process in the past, and its strategic importance geographically has been critical in perceiving it as a significant partner for the EU. However, a wave of populism and nationalism has swept over this country as well, leading to the abandoning of the rule of law, basic ideals, and human rights respect. All of this has happened as a result of the EU's members' persistent refusal to approve its bid for EU membership in the past. Other possibilities that will be examined in this research include Ukraine's accession process, which has accelerated the integration of Eastern countries due to the Russian threat, and Albania, a Balkan country that has had a very long transition process - namely the transition from the communist to the democratic system - following the fall of Enver Hoxha's rule. The most recent has had a special impact on the country’s aim to become a member of the European Union, since the country has had to go through many reforms and changes that have pushed the establishment to work harder and more transparently. Given the long and difficult path that eastern European countries have taken as a result of this stance on the accession process, we can say that these new candidate states to the European Union have a chance to show the Union a different development if they are astute enough to predict that specific types of policies will result in specific outcomes and, as a result, to consider better solutions for their countries' future. This means that the EU's eastward expansion is highly reliant on the collaboration of the European Union and a candidate country's leadership, rather than just the country's ability to meet specific benchmarks.
Questo lavoro ha la finalità di sviluppare un'analisi dell'espropriazione per pubblica utilità ne... more Questo lavoro ha la finalità di sviluppare un'analisi dell'espropriazione per pubblica utilità nell'ordinamento albanese. La scelta di concentrarsi su di essa sorge dalla considerazione che i rapporti tra lo Stato albanese e la proprietà privata dei cittadini costituiscono un problema centrale e l’espropriazione ne rappresenta un risvolto drammatico. Dinanzi a una situazione così difficoltosa, viene naturale domandarsi che cosa sia stato a causarla. Per rispondere a tutto ciò basta effettuare una analisi della politica economica di Enver Hoxha, ripercorrere le tappe essenziali della storia del Paese alla ricerca dei fattori che ne hanno rovinato l’assetto economico rallentandone lo sviluppo. Negli anni novanta tutti i nodi sono venuti al pettine e nel momento di privatizzare i beni immobili sono nate le problematiche relative all'espropriazione. Questo potere dello Stato configura la massima estensione concessa alla Pubblica Amministrazione nei confronti dell'individuo. La Costituzione albanese, emanata nel 1998, utilizza la Convenzione EDU come metro di misura per la propria disciplina e attribuisce alla proprietà privata un rango elevato. Il potere di espropriare spetta al legislatore, conformemente al principio della riserva di legge, ma anche a ogni altro soggetto pubblico cui la legislazione attribuisce il potere di realizzare l’interesse generale. L'espropriazione per pubblico interesse viene disciplinata dalla legge n.8561 del 22/12/1999, la quale afferma il potere dello Stato di espropriare o prendere l'uso temporaneo della proprietà di persone fisiche o giuridiche, nonché di tutelare i diritti e gli interessi dei rispettivi proprietari. Le persone fisiche o giuridiche hanno il diritto al rispetto delle loro proprietà. L'espropriazione della proprietà privata viene effettuata nelle condizioni in cui ciò prevale sugli interessi dei privati, in conformità con limitazioni previste dalla legge e nel rispetto dei principi generali del diritto internazionale. Di notevole importanza per il cittadino è la quantificazione dell’indennizzo, che rappresenta il fine ultimo delle previsioni legislative. Muovendo da tali presupposti, il critico approfondimento delle questioni finora descritte ha come obiettivo d'indagare la posizione della dottrina, della Corte Costituzionale albanese al riguardo ed il ruolo spettante al Giudice albanese nell’utilizzare dette disposizioni costituzionali e ordinarie nell’esercizio dell'attività ermeneutica che è il presupposto logico e metodologico per la risoluzione dei casi e del bilanciamento degli interessi in giudizio. La scelta dell’argomento di questa tesi è strettamente legata ad un personale interesse per l’Albania, dalla quale provengono le mie origini, e al desiderio di realizzare una ricerca, che mi permetta di unire in questa prova finale le diverse conoscenze acquisite durante il corso di studi, spaziando nel diritto comparato, materia che mi ha particolarmente affascinato.
The examination delves into Europe's most recently contentious topic: the European Union's
eastw... more The examination delves into Europe's most recently contentious topic: the European Union's eastward expansion. It will highlight the enterprise of welcoming new members to the European Union as both a good and negative process for greater European integration and sustainability by focusing on Eastern European nations. The investigation is conducted via the lenses of law, as well as other areas such as history, politics, economic growth, and cultural traits, all of which are critical themes that always intertwine in these nations' Europeanization processes. The study will also consider the example of a former communist country that became a member of the European Union, Poland, which had a solid development until the sickness of populism took over the establishments and caused the state to take many steps back in terms of rule of law and democratic progress, leaving the European Union at a crossroads, between the application of art 7 of the TEU - in short terms to exclude Poland from the Union - or to sanction it. Another country that will be examined in our study is Turkey, whose integration process has been halted due to non-acceptance of its possible presence by existing Union members such as Austria and Cyprus, as well as internal problems that have kept the country from achieving its dream of becoming closer to European partners. It is important to take into consideration the fact that the country has gone through a lengthy secularization process in the past, and its strategic importance geographically has been critical in perceiving it as a significant partner for the EU. However, a wave of populism and nationalism has swept over this country as well, leading to the abandoning of the rule of law, basic ideals, and human rights respect. All of this has happened as a result of the EU's members' persistent refusal to approve its bid for EU membership in the past. Other possibilities that will be examined in this research include Ukraine's accession process, which has accelerated the integration of Eastern countries due to the Russian threat, and Albania, a Balkan country that has had a very long transition process - namely the transition from the communist to the democratic system - following the fall of Enver Hoxha's rule. The most recent has had a special impact on the country’s aim to become a member of the European Union, since the country has had to go through many reforms and changes that have pushed the establishment to work harder and more transparently. Given the long and difficult path that eastern European countries have taken as a result of this stance on the accession process, we can say that these new candidate states to the European Union have a chance to show the Union a different development if they are astute enough to predict that specific types of policies will result in specific outcomes and, as a result, to consider better solutions for their countries' future. This means that the EU's eastward expansion is highly reliant on the collaboration of the European Union and a candidate country's leadership, rather than just the country's ability to meet specific benchmarks.
Questo lavoro ha la finalità di sviluppare un'analisi dell'espropriazione per pubblica utilità ne... more Questo lavoro ha la finalità di sviluppare un'analisi dell'espropriazione per pubblica utilità nell'ordinamento albanese. La scelta di concentrarsi su di essa sorge dalla considerazione che i rapporti tra lo Stato albanese e la proprietà privata dei cittadini costituiscono un problema centrale e l’espropriazione ne rappresenta un risvolto drammatico. Dinanzi a una situazione così difficoltosa, viene naturale domandarsi che cosa sia stato a causarla. Per rispondere a tutto ciò basta effettuare una analisi della politica economica di Enver Hoxha, ripercorrere le tappe essenziali della storia del Paese alla ricerca dei fattori che ne hanno rovinato l’assetto economico rallentandone lo sviluppo. Negli anni novanta tutti i nodi sono venuti al pettine e nel momento di privatizzare i beni immobili sono nate le problematiche relative all'espropriazione. Questo potere dello Stato configura la massima estensione concessa alla Pubblica Amministrazione nei confronti dell'individuo. La Costituzione albanese, emanata nel 1998, utilizza la Convenzione EDU come metro di misura per la propria disciplina e attribuisce alla proprietà privata un rango elevato. Il potere di espropriare spetta al legislatore, conformemente al principio della riserva di legge, ma anche a ogni altro soggetto pubblico cui la legislazione attribuisce il potere di realizzare l’interesse generale. L'espropriazione per pubblico interesse viene disciplinata dalla legge n.8561 del 22/12/1999, la quale afferma il potere dello Stato di espropriare o prendere l'uso temporaneo della proprietà di persone fisiche o giuridiche, nonché di tutelare i diritti e gli interessi dei rispettivi proprietari. Le persone fisiche o giuridiche hanno il diritto al rispetto delle loro proprietà. L'espropriazione della proprietà privata viene effettuata nelle condizioni in cui ciò prevale sugli interessi dei privati, in conformità con limitazioni previste dalla legge e nel rispetto dei principi generali del diritto internazionale. Di notevole importanza per il cittadino è la quantificazione dell’indennizzo, che rappresenta il fine ultimo delle previsioni legislative. Muovendo da tali presupposti, il critico approfondimento delle questioni finora descritte ha come obiettivo d'indagare la posizione della dottrina, della Corte Costituzionale albanese al riguardo ed il ruolo spettante al Giudice albanese nell’utilizzare dette disposizioni costituzionali e ordinarie nell’esercizio dell'attività ermeneutica che è il presupposto logico e metodologico per la risoluzione dei casi e del bilanciamento degli interessi in giudizio. La scelta dell’argomento di questa tesi è strettamente legata ad un personale interesse per l’Albania, dalla quale provengono le mie origini, e al desiderio di realizzare una ricerca, che mi permetta di unire in questa prova finale le diverse conoscenze acquisite durante il corso di studi, spaziando nel diritto comparato, materia che mi ha particolarmente affascinato.
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Papers by Lorela Sejdini
eastward expansion. It will highlight the enterprise of welcoming new members to the European Union as both a good and negative process for greater European integration and sustainability by focusing on Eastern European nations. The investigation is conducted via the lenses of law, as well as other areas such as history, politics, economic growth, and cultural traits, all of which are critical themes that always intertwine in these nations' Europeanization processes. The study will also consider the example of a former communist country that became a member of the European Union, Poland, which had a solid development until the sickness of populism took over the establishments and caused the state to take many steps back in terms of rule of law and democratic progress, leaving the European Union at a crossroads, between the application of art 7 of the TEU - in short terms to exclude Poland from the Union - or to sanction it. Another country that will be examined in our study is Turkey, whose integration process has been halted due to non-acceptance of its possible presence by existing Union members such as Austria and Cyprus, as well as internal problems that have kept the country from achieving its dream of becoming closer to European partners. It is important to take into consideration the fact that the country has gone through a lengthy secularization process in the past, and its strategic importance geographically has been critical in perceiving it as a significant partner for the EU. However, a wave of populism and nationalism has swept over this country as well, leading to the abandoning of the rule of law, basic ideals, and human rights respect. All of this has happened as a result of the EU's members' persistent refusal to approve its bid for EU membership in the past. Other possibilities that will be examined in this research include Ukraine's accession process, which has accelerated the integration of Eastern countries due to the Russian threat, and Albania, a Balkan country that has had a very long transition process - namely the transition from the communist to the democratic system - following the fall of Enver Hoxha's rule. The most recent has had a special impact on the country’s aim to become a member of the European Union, since the country has had to go through many reforms and changes that have pushed the establishment to work harder and more transparently. Given the long and difficult path that eastern European countries have taken as a result of this stance on the accession process, we can say that these new candidate states to the European Union have a chance to show the Union a different development if they are astute enough to predict that specific types of policies will result in specific outcomes and, as a result, to consider better solutions for their countries' future. This means that the EU's eastward expansion is highly reliant on the collaboration of the European Union and a candidate country's leadership, rather than just the country's ability to meet specific benchmarks.
eastward expansion. It will highlight the enterprise of welcoming new members to the European Union as both a good and negative process for greater European integration and sustainability by focusing on Eastern European nations. The investigation is conducted via the lenses of law, as well as other areas such as history, politics, economic growth, and cultural traits, all of which are critical themes that always intertwine in these nations' Europeanization processes. The study will also consider the example of a former communist country that became a member of the European Union, Poland, which had a solid development until the sickness of populism took over the establishments and caused the state to take many steps back in terms of rule of law and democratic progress, leaving the European Union at a crossroads, between the application of art 7 of the TEU - in short terms to exclude Poland from the Union - or to sanction it. Another country that will be examined in our study is Turkey, whose integration process has been halted due to non-acceptance of its possible presence by existing Union members such as Austria and Cyprus, as well as internal problems that have kept the country from achieving its dream of becoming closer to European partners. It is important to take into consideration the fact that the country has gone through a lengthy secularization process in the past, and its strategic importance geographically has been critical in perceiving it as a significant partner for the EU. However, a wave of populism and nationalism has swept over this country as well, leading to the abandoning of the rule of law, basic ideals, and human rights respect. All of this has happened as a result of the EU's members' persistent refusal to approve its bid for EU membership in the past. Other possibilities that will be examined in this research include Ukraine's accession process, which has accelerated the integration of Eastern countries due to the Russian threat, and Albania, a Balkan country that has had a very long transition process - namely the transition from the communist to the democratic system - following the fall of Enver Hoxha's rule. The most recent has had a special impact on the country’s aim to become a member of the European Union, since the country has had to go through many reforms and changes that have pushed the establishment to work harder and more transparently. Given the long and difficult path that eastern European countries have taken as a result of this stance on the accession process, we can say that these new candidate states to the European Union have a chance to show the Union a different development if they are astute enough to predict that specific types of policies will result in specific outcomes and, as a result, to consider better solutions for their countries' future. This means that the EU's eastward expansion is highly reliant on the collaboration of the European Union and a candidate country's leadership, rather than just the country's ability to meet specific benchmarks.