This study investigated the dynamics in pyrethriod resistance and the presence/frequencies of L10... more This study investigated the dynamics in pyrethriod resistance and the presence/frequencies of L1014F knockdown resistance mutant allelles in Culex quinquefasciatus vector populations from Uruan Local Government Area of AkwaIbom State, Southern Nigeria between the months of March and November, 2021. Uruan LGA is among the endemic LGAs for lymphatic filariasis in AkwaIbomState. Female Anopheles mosquitoes from Eman Uruan, Ituk Mbang and Idu Uruan were exposed to permethrin, deltamethrin and alphacypermethrin in CDC insecticide coated bottles for susceptibility bioassay following standard protocols. The mosquitoes were obtained as aquatic forms from the study sites and reared under laboratory conditions to adults. The adult mosquitoes were used for this study. All the mosquitoes used for the insecticide susceptibility bioassay were morphologically identified. Standard Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used for authenticating the Culex quinquefasciatus species. A portion of the vgsc (...
The study was carried out to assess the level of geohelminth contamination in playgrounds of six ... more The study was carried out to assess the level of geohelminth contamination in playgrounds of six Government Primary School (GPS) randomly selected within the three districts of Akwa Ibom State and also their state of compliance on sanitation in order to ensure a child-friendly learning environment. Soil samples were collected and analyzed using the zinc sulphate floatation method and the Baermann technique while sanitation facility compliance was assessed using structured checklist which was subjected to Water Access, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH) grading criteria for sanitation. Out of 300 soil samples analyzed, a 22% contamination rate was recorded, with Ascaris lumbricoides being the most encountered. Toxocara canis and Taenia sp. were also encountered in the study which are associated with visceral larval migran and cysticercosis, respectively. Sanitation compliance rate recorded was 68.8% which revealed that the existing facilities in the public primary schools in the area need...
Sultan Qaboos University Journal for Science [SQUJS]
The increasing use of plant-based medicines necessitates safety evaluations of all medicinal plan... more The increasing use of plant-based medicines necessitates safety evaluations of all medicinal plants. This study evaluated the effects of mango (Mangifera indica) leaf extracts on albino rats (Rattus norvegicus). The phytochemistry of the plant’s extract was evaluated, followed by a determination of its acute toxicity using 24 rats. Thereafter, the chronic toxicity of the extract was determined using another set of 24 rats, separated into four groups of six rats each. Rats in group 1 (the control) were administered distilled water, while groups 2, 3, and 4 received daily doses of 1000, 2000, and 3000 mg kg-1 body weight, respectively. The rats’ body weights and reactions were monitored for 90 days before blood, liver, and kidney samples were collected for hematological and histopathological examinations. The phytochemistry revealed phenols, alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids, steroids, glycosides, and saponins. The acute toxicity test recorded no mortality at doses up to 5000 mg kg-1, an...
Background There has been a growing interest in better understanding the association between wate... more Background There has been a growing interest in better understanding the association between water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) and malnutrition. Aim We analysed anthropometric data of children attending WASH intervention schools and those from non-intervention schools in Ogun State, Nigeria. Methods A total of 353 children across six schools (three interventions and three non-interventions) participated in this study. WASH conditions were assessed using WHO standardized tools and anthropometric data of children were analysed in WHO AnthroPlus and R Software. Results The prevalence of stunting was 26.2% in the intervention group, and 29.4% in the control group ( p = 0.045). Underweight was lower in the intervention group (3.9% vs. 10.1%) ( p = 0.45). However, wasting was higher in the intervention group (32.3% vs. 8.2%) ( p = 0.001). Of the variables included in our multivariate model (age, gender, and school category, i.e. intervention/control and class grade), only age was sele...
American Journal of Food Science and Technology, 2018
The effects of different preservation methods (fresh, boiled, fried and smoked) on the nutritiona... more The effects of different preservation methods (fresh, boiled, fried and smoked) on the nutritional composition, mineral composition and vitamins in Trachurus trachurus were determined according to AOAC . All processing methods revealed significant difference (p<0.05) in the various nutritional, mineral and vitamin composition. Boiling had the highest moisture content (60.01%), frying had the highest ash content (2.45%). Fresh fish had the highest level of fibre (0.07%), protein (3.86%) and carbohydrate (9.70%). Among the methods of preservation, boiled fish had the highest protein (22.71%), carbohydrate (8.20%) and smoked fish had the highest fat of 20.35%. Comparing all the methods of preservation, the fish samples had variable quantity of the various nutritional components measured. It is therefore recommended that consumers should check the appropriate diet need and go for the method of preservation that provides the best nutrient as all the methods are recommended.
Termites are generally regarded as pests, although they have some beneficial roles to play in the... more Termites are generally regarded as pests, although they have some beneficial roles to play in the ecosystem, particularly in the soil. This study was conducted between January 2018 and April 2018, to determine the effect of physico-chemical parametrs on abundance and diversity of termites and other arthropods in termite mounds in Uinversity of Uyo Community. Soil samples were randomly collected from six termite mounds from two sites for physiochemical parameters analysis and these were temperature, pH, moisture content, nitrogen, phosphorus, magnesium, copper, sodium, potassium, manganese and iron.. The termites and other arthropods were preserved in 70% ethanol. Temperature and moisture content, copper, sodium and iron were significant. The results revealed that the physicochemical parameters affected the termite species abundance as station 1 (539) had relatively more of the termite species than station 2 (551), and also affected the diversity of the termites as station 1 (0.89) ...
The aim of this study was the isolation and molecular characterization of fungi from untreated re... more The aim of this study was the isolation and molecular characterization of fungi from untreated refinery effluent by using multiple conserved genes. The Fungi isolated were characterized based on PCR amplification and genomic sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer region (ITS), partial β-tubulin (BenA), calmodulin (CaM), and RNA polymerase second large subunit (RPB2) genes, along with morphological characterization. The obtained sequences were subjected to BLAST analysis and the corresponding fungal isolates were assigned species names after comparison with representative sequences available in GenBank. Fifteen (15) Fungi species belonging to four genera of Aspergillus, Penicillium, Fusarium, and Trichoderma with Aspergillus as the predominant genus were identified. Therefore these genes should be used as molecular markers for species level identification of fungi (especially Aspergillus and Penicillium as proven in this study.
Background: This study was conducted to determine the prevalence and risk associated with Trichom... more Background: This study was conducted to determine the prevalence and risk associated with Trichomonas vaginalis amongst women in Okene metropolis, Kogi State. Methods: High vaginal swabs were collected from females of reproductive age groups using swab sticks from February to May 2019 and were examined microscopically using wet mount preparation and were confirmed with Dorset culture method. Structured questionnaires were administered to assess the risk factors. Results: A total of 180 (40.7%) women were infected with T. vaginalis. The General Hospital had the highest prevalence of 80 women (42.1%), whereas the least was from Oyiza Hospital (66 women, 39.3%). The age group of 21–30 years (65, 55.1%) had the highest prevalence, whereas the age group of 14–20 years (20, 25.0%) had the least prevalence. Divorced women, women with multiple partners and those that do not use condom are at higher risk of infections. Conclusion: T. vaginalis is endemic amongst women in Okene metropolis, Ko...
Onchocerciasis is a parasitic disease transmitted by black flies. Human onchocerciasis is a publi... more Onchocerciasis is a parasitic disease transmitted by black flies. Human onchocerciasis is a public health and socioeconomic problem in Nigeria. Its prevalence and morbidity have reduced over the years because of control efforts especially, Mass Drug Administration with ivermectin. The current goal is to eliminate the disease transmission by 2030. Understanding the changes in transmission patterns in Cross River State is critical to elimination of onchocerciasis in Nigeria. This study was designed to determine the transmission dynamics of onchocerciasis in Cross River State after over two decades of mass ivermectin distribution in endemic communities. Agbokim, Aningeje, Ekong Anaku and Orimekpang are four endemic communities from three Local Government Areas of the State selected for this study. Transmission indices such as infectivity rates, biting rates and transmission potentials, parity rates and diurnal biting activities were determined. A total of 15,520 adult female flies were...
Background: The negative impact of soil-transmitted helminths (STHs) in Nigeria is enormous posin... more Background: The negative impact of soil-transmitted helminths (STHs) in Nigeria is enormous posing serious public health issues. This study was undertaken to investigate the impact of health education intervention on re-infection of STHs in pupils of rural schools of Kogi East, North Central Nigeria. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was carried out in 45 schools to determine the prevalence of STHs in the 9 local government areas of Kogi East. Stool samples were collected and examined for STHs. A total of 10 schools with the highest prevalence were selected for the follow-up study, 5 schools were dewormed and given health education (DHE) intervention while the other 5 schools were dewormed only (DO). Reassessment of schools for re-infection was carried out for a period of 12 months. Data obtained were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Student t-test was used to make comparison between interventions in the incidence of infections. Analysis was carried out at p<0.05.Results: R...
This study investigated the dynamics in pyrethriod resistance and the presence/frequencies of L10... more This study investigated the dynamics in pyrethriod resistance and the presence/frequencies of L1014F knockdown resistance mutant allelles in Culex quinquefasciatus vector populations from Uruan Local Government Area of AkwaIbom State, Southern Nigeria between the months of March and November, 2021. Uruan LGA is among the endemic LGAs for lymphatic filariasis in AkwaIbomState. Female Anopheles mosquitoes from Eman Uruan, Ituk Mbang and Idu Uruan were exposed to permethrin, deltamethrin and alphacypermethrin in CDC insecticide coated bottles for susceptibility bioassay following standard protocols. The mosquitoes were obtained as aquatic forms from the study sites and reared under laboratory conditions to adults. The adult mosquitoes were used for this study. All the mosquitoes used for the insecticide susceptibility bioassay were morphologically identified. Standard Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used for authenticating the Culex quinquefasciatus species. A portion of the vgsc (...
The study was carried out to assess the level of geohelminth contamination in playgrounds of six ... more The study was carried out to assess the level of geohelminth contamination in playgrounds of six Government Primary School (GPS) randomly selected within the three districts of Akwa Ibom State and also their state of compliance on sanitation in order to ensure a child-friendly learning environment. Soil samples were collected and analyzed using the zinc sulphate floatation method and the Baermann technique while sanitation facility compliance was assessed using structured checklist which was subjected to Water Access, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH) grading criteria for sanitation. Out of 300 soil samples analyzed, a 22% contamination rate was recorded, with Ascaris lumbricoides being the most encountered. Toxocara canis and Taenia sp. were also encountered in the study which are associated with visceral larval migran and cysticercosis, respectively. Sanitation compliance rate recorded was 68.8% which revealed that the existing facilities in the public primary schools in the area need...
Sultan Qaboos University Journal for Science [SQUJS]
The increasing use of plant-based medicines necessitates safety evaluations of all medicinal plan... more The increasing use of plant-based medicines necessitates safety evaluations of all medicinal plants. This study evaluated the effects of mango (Mangifera indica) leaf extracts on albino rats (Rattus norvegicus). The phytochemistry of the plant’s extract was evaluated, followed by a determination of its acute toxicity using 24 rats. Thereafter, the chronic toxicity of the extract was determined using another set of 24 rats, separated into four groups of six rats each. Rats in group 1 (the control) were administered distilled water, while groups 2, 3, and 4 received daily doses of 1000, 2000, and 3000 mg kg-1 body weight, respectively. The rats’ body weights and reactions were monitored for 90 days before blood, liver, and kidney samples were collected for hematological and histopathological examinations. The phytochemistry revealed phenols, alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids, steroids, glycosides, and saponins. The acute toxicity test recorded no mortality at doses up to 5000 mg kg-1, an...
Background There has been a growing interest in better understanding the association between wate... more Background There has been a growing interest in better understanding the association between water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) and malnutrition. Aim We analysed anthropometric data of children attending WASH intervention schools and those from non-intervention schools in Ogun State, Nigeria. Methods A total of 353 children across six schools (three interventions and three non-interventions) participated in this study. WASH conditions were assessed using WHO standardized tools and anthropometric data of children were analysed in WHO AnthroPlus and R Software. Results The prevalence of stunting was 26.2% in the intervention group, and 29.4% in the control group ( p = 0.045). Underweight was lower in the intervention group (3.9% vs. 10.1%) ( p = 0.45). However, wasting was higher in the intervention group (32.3% vs. 8.2%) ( p = 0.001). Of the variables included in our multivariate model (age, gender, and school category, i.e. intervention/control and class grade), only age was sele...
American Journal of Food Science and Technology, 2018
The effects of different preservation methods (fresh, boiled, fried and smoked) on the nutritiona... more The effects of different preservation methods (fresh, boiled, fried and smoked) on the nutritional composition, mineral composition and vitamins in Trachurus trachurus were determined according to AOAC . All processing methods revealed significant difference (p<0.05) in the various nutritional, mineral and vitamin composition. Boiling had the highest moisture content (60.01%), frying had the highest ash content (2.45%). Fresh fish had the highest level of fibre (0.07%), protein (3.86%) and carbohydrate (9.70%). Among the methods of preservation, boiled fish had the highest protein (22.71%), carbohydrate (8.20%) and smoked fish had the highest fat of 20.35%. Comparing all the methods of preservation, the fish samples had variable quantity of the various nutritional components measured. It is therefore recommended that consumers should check the appropriate diet need and go for the method of preservation that provides the best nutrient as all the methods are recommended.
Termites are generally regarded as pests, although they have some beneficial roles to play in the... more Termites are generally regarded as pests, although they have some beneficial roles to play in the ecosystem, particularly in the soil. This study was conducted between January 2018 and April 2018, to determine the effect of physico-chemical parametrs on abundance and diversity of termites and other arthropods in termite mounds in Uinversity of Uyo Community. Soil samples were randomly collected from six termite mounds from two sites for physiochemical parameters analysis and these were temperature, pH, moisture content, nitrogen, phosphorus, magnesium, copper, sodium, potassium, manganese and iron.. The termites and other arthropods were preserved in 70% ethanol. Temperature and moisture content, copper, sodium and iron were significant. The results revealed that the physicochemical parameters affected the termite species abundance as station 1 (539) had relatively more of the termite species than station 2 (551), and also affected the diversity of the termites as station 1 (0.89) ...
The aim of this study was the isolation and molecular characterization of fungi from untreated re... more The aim of this study was the isolation and molecular characterization of fungi from untreated refinery effluent by using multiple conserved genes. The Fungi isolated were characterized based on PCR amplification and genomic sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer region (ITS), partial β-tubulin (BenA), calmodulin (CaM), and RNA polymerase second large subunit (RPB2) genes, along with morphological characterization. The obtained sequences were subjected to BLAST analysis and the corresponding fungal isolates were assigned species names after comparison with representative sequences available in GenBank. Fifteen (15) Fungi species belonging to four genera of Aspergillus, Penicillium, Fusarium, and Trichoderma with Aspergillus as the predominant genus were identified. Therefore these genes should be used as molecular markers for species level identification of fungi (especially Aspergillus and Penicillium as proven in this study.
Background: This study was conducted to determine the prevalence and risk associated with Trichom... more Background: This study was conducted to determine the prevalence and risk associated with Trichomonas vaginalis amongst women in Okene metropolis, Kogi State. Methods: High vaginal swabs were collected from females of reproductive age groups using swab sticks from February to May 2019 and were examined microscopically using wet mount preparation and were confirmed with Dorset culture method. Structured questionnaires were administered to assess the risk factors. Results: A total of 180 (40.7%) women were infected with T. vaginalis. The General Hospital had the highest prevalence of 80 women (42.1%), whereas the least was from Oyiza Hospital (66 women, 39.3%). The age group of 21–30 years (65, 55.1%) had the highest prevalence, whereas the age group of 14–20 years (20, 25.0%) had the least prevalence. Divorced women, women with multiple partners and those that do not use condom are at higher risk of infections. Conclusion: T. vaginalis is endemic amongst women in Okene metropolis, Ko...
Onchocerciasis is a parasitic disease transmitted by black flies. Human onchocerciasis is a publi... more Onchocerciasis is a parasitic disease transmitted by black flies. Human onchocerciasis is a public health and socioeconomic problem in Nigeria. Its prevalence and morbidity have reduced over the years because of control efforts especially, Mass Drug Administration with ivermectin. The current goal is to eliminate the disease transmission by 2030. Understanding the changes in transmission patterns in Cross River State is critical to elimination of onchocerciasis in Nigeria. This study was designed to determine the transmission dynamics of onchocerciasis in Cross River State after over two decades of mass ivermectin distribution in endemic communities. Agbokim, Aningeje, Ekong Anaku and Orimekpang are four endemic communities from three Local Government Areas of the State selected for this study. Transmission indices such as infectivity rates, biting rates and transmission potentials, parity rates and diurnal biting activities were determined. A total of 15,520 adult female flies were...
Background: The negative impact of soil-transmitted helminths (STHs) in Nigeria is enormous posin... more Background: The negative impact of soil-transmitted helminths (STHs) in Nigeria is enormous posing serious public health issues. This study was undertaken to investigate the impact of health education intervention on re-infection of STHs in pupils of rural schools of Kogi East, North Central Nigeria. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was carried out in 45 schools to determine the prevalence of STHs in the 9 local government areas of Kogi East. Stool samples were collected and examined for STHs. A total of 10 schools with the highest prevalence were selected for the follow-up study, 5 schools were dewormed and given health education (DHE) intervention while the other 5 schools were dewormed only (DO). Reassessment of schools for re-infection was carried out for a period of 12 months. Data obtained were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Student t-test was used to make comparison between interventions in the incidence of infections. Analysis was carried out at p<0.05.Results: R...
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Papers by Clement Ameh Yaro