New floristic records from Austria (236–304)<br> New for Austria as a whole are local intro... more New floristic records from Austria (236–304)<br> New for Austria as a whole are local introductions or escapes of Astragalus galegiformis in Burgenland,<br> Erodium manescavii in Burgenland and Vienna, Festuca rubra subsp. litoralis in Lower<br> Austria, as well as Galanthus woronowii in Lower Austria and Vienna. Three native species are new<br> to one Federal State: Arenaria multicaulis to Carinthia, Hieracium transylvanicum to Burgenland,<br> and Orobanche lycoctoni to Vorarlberg. Among adventitious occurrences, 23 taxa are new to one<br> up to three Federal States: for Burgenland, Ammi visnaga, Nassella tenuissima, Sporobolus vaginiflorus,<br> Torilis nodosa and Tulipa sylvestris; for Lower Austria, Erigeron sumatrensis, Nassella<br> tenuissima, Polycarpon tetraphyllum, Polypogon monspeliensis, Schoenoplectus mucronatus and<br> Torilis nodosa; for Vorarlberg, Cerastium tenoreanum, Juncus ensifolius und Lobelia siphilitica;<...
(i) Floristic data of vascular high-mountain plants from the Alps and the Carpathians, with occur... more (i) Floristic data of vascular high-mountain plants from the Alps and the Carpathians, with occurrences of each species with a regular grid system (ii) Species-specific AFLP data (1/0 matrices) separately for samples from Alps and Carpathians, collected along the same grid system as the floristic dat
The Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) aims at the conservation of all three levels of biod... more The Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) aims at the conservation of all three levels of biodiversity, i.e. ecosystems, species and genes. Genetic diversity represents evolutionary potential and is important for ecosystem functioning. Unfortunately, genetic diversity in natural populations is hardly considered in conservation strategies because it is difficult to measure and has been hypothesized to co-vary with species richness. This means that species richness is taken as a surrogate of genetic diversity in conservation planning, though their relationship has not been properly evaluated. We tested whether the genetic and species levels of biodiversity co-vary, using a large-scale and multi-species approach. We chose the high-mountain flora of the Alps and the Carpathians as study systems and demonstrate that species richness and genetic diversity are not correlated. Species richness thus cannot act as a surrogate for genetic diversity. Our results have important consequences for implementing the CBD when designing conservation strategies
Electronic supplement to Billensteiner A. & Niklfeld H. (2021): Biogeographical classification of... more Electronic supplement to Billensteiner A. & Niklfeld H. (2021): Biogeographical classification of Austria based on hierarchical cluster analysis of vascular plant distributions. – Neilreichia <strong>12</strong>: 199–218. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5818991
Applying hierarchical cluster analysis on data from the project "Floristic Mapping of Austri... more Applying hierarchical cluster analysis on data from the project "Floristic Mapping of Austria", a biogeographical classification of Austria is established. Various clustering methods and similarity indices are tested for their suitability, and their performance is assessed via stability tests. The best results are achieved by the Ward method in combination with Euclidean distance. For validation, the obtained results are compared with existing natural landscape classification schemes. The results are congruent, and the level of concordance to the natural landscape classification is satisfying. It is shown that hierarchical cluster analysis based only on plant distribution data is suitable for a biogeographical classification of Austria.
Neu für Österreich sind drei Neophyten: ein Fleck von <em>Symphytum bulbosum</em> im ... more Neu für Österreich sind drei Neophyten: ein Fleck von <em>Symphytum bulbosum</em> im Burgenland, ein unbeständiges Vorkommen von <em>Euphorbia chamaesyce</em> in Niederösterreich und ein lokal invasives Auftreten von <em>Akebia quinata</em> in Kärnten. Neu für das Burgenland sind <em>Aposeris foetida</em>, <em>Potamogeton gramineus</em> und <em>Potamogeton nodosus</em> (einheimisch), <em>Panicum riparium</em> (der Status wird diskutiert) sowie <em>Aegilops cylindrica</em>, <em>Calepina irregularis</em> (diese Art auch für Niederösterreich), <em>Lonicera japonica</em> und <em>Elodea canadensis</em> (neophytisch). Neu für die Steiermark ist <em>Ranunculus fluitans</em>. Neu für Kärnten ist ein neophytischer <em>Scirpus</em> aus Nordamerika. Neu für Salzburg sind <em>Botrychium lanceolatum, Orobanche bartlingii</em> und ...
Neu für Österreich sind fünf Neophyten: ein historischer Herbarbeleg (von 1829) von <em>Hie... more Neu für Österreich sind fünf Neophyten: ein historischer Herbarbeleg (von 1829) von <em>Hieracium peleterianum</em> im niederösterreichischen Donautal, <em>Xanthium albinum</em> subsp. <em>albinum</em> im Burgenland und in Wien, unbeständige Vorkommen von <em>Sporobolus indicus</em> in Wien und von zwei Zierpflanzen, <em>Linum grandiflorum</em> in Wien und <em>Perovskia ×serotina</em> in Niederösterreich. Wenige einheimische Taxa sind für ein Bundesland neu: <em>Epipactis voethii</em> für Wien, <em>Orobanche alsatica</em> subsp. <em>libanotidis</em> (= <em>O. bartlingii</em>) für Oberösterreich, <em>Ranunculus penicillatus</em> für Kärnten. Ein isoliertes Vorkommen von <em>Daphne striata</em> ist neu für die Steiermark und rätselhafter Herkunft. Höher ist die Anzahl für ein oder zwei Bundesländer neuer Adentiver: für das Burgenland <em>...
Contact: Thorsten Englisch Harald Niklfeld thorsten.englisch@univie.ac.at harald.niklfeld@univie.... more Contact: Thorsten Englisch Harald Niklfeld thorsten.englisch@univie.ac.atharald.niklfeld@univie.ac.at Institute of Botany, University of Vienna Rennweg 14, 1030 Vienna, Austria Austria encompasses a great variety of different landscapes composed by geo-ecological (i. e. geologic, pedologic, climatic, biogeographic) environment as its "natural background" and patterns of anthropogenic influences with different types and highly varying intensities of land-use. Biological diversity exhibits dependencies on both natural and anthropogenic components of landscape and reacts in different ways to modification and transformation of land cover. Thus, a main goal in biodiversity research is to identify determinants of biodiversity patterns and proximate sources of change, and to derive indicative species as indicators of pressure, state, and response in order to assess effects of human actions on biodiversity. In search for a set of biodiversity indicators in a spatial context we re...
Aim To evaluate the effect of post-glacial migration lags on the current distribution of Alpine ... more Aim To evaluate the effect of post-glacial migration lags on the current distribution of Alpine plants and the factors responsible for possible range-filling differences among species. Location Austrian Alps. Methods We used species distribution models to predict environmentally suitable sites for 183 Alpine plants at a fine spatial resolution (100 × 100 m2). We overlaid these predictions with independent mapping data (3′× 5′) and calculated the extent to which species fill their potential ranges at this coarser grain based on several different approaches. Moreover, we correlated range-filling estimates with the magnitude of improvement of distribution models when using the distance to putative glacial refugia as an additional independent variable. Finally, we compared species-specific range-filling estimates with traits related to dispersal capacity and competitive ability of these species as well as with characteristics of their habitats. Results Even under a conservative approach, incomplete range filling appears common, with 46% and 31% of the species studied occurring in less than 75% and 50% of their predicted suitable ranges, respectively. Proximity to glacial refugia generally accounts for a lower percentage of the deviance in species distribution data (0–20%, mean 4%) than environmental variables (9–57%, mean 27%). However, its importance correlates closely and negatively with the calculated range-filling estimates. Range filling significantly increases with the dispersal capacity of a species' propagules and the breadth of its altitudinal niche. Calcicolous species have lower range filling than silicicolous plants and substrate generalists. Conclusions Our results suggest that the current ranges of many Alpine plants are still shaped by delayed Holocene recolonization of suitable sites. Hence, long-term migration lags also affect plant distribution in mountainous areas, at least on regional scales. These findings question whether high mountain floras will be able to track the expected rapid, climate change driven shifts in habitat.
Neu für Österreich sind <em>Hieracium atrocalyx </em>(Niederösterreich), die Hybride ... more Neu für Österreich sind <em>Hieracium atrocalyx </em>(Niederösterreich), die Hybride <em>Primula auricula </em>× <em>P. minima </em>(Kärnten) und <em>Taraxacum pulchellum </em>(Kärnten). Neu für ein Bundesland bzw. die Böhmische Masse sind <em>Allium strictum </em>(Kärnten), <em>Draba stylaris </em>(Vorarlberg), <em>Rhamnus saxatilis </em>(Böhmische Masse), <em>Schoenoplectus mucronatus </em>(Böhmische Masse, Status unklar) und <em>Vicia cassubica </em>(Kärnten). <em>Arnica montana </em>ist neu für die historische Flora Wiens. Bedeutende Wiederfunde für ein Bundesland bzw. einen Naturraum sind <em>Blackstonia acuminata </em>(Vorarlberg), <em>Botrychium multifidum </em>(Nordtirol), <em>Campanula latifolia </em>(Osttirol), <em>Cicuta virosa </em>(Steiermark), <em>Dianthus carthusianorum </em>× <em>D. s...
New floristic records from Austria (236–304)<br> New for Austria as a whole are local intro... more New floristic records from Austria (236–304)<br> New for Austria as a whole are local introductions or escapes of Astragalus galegiformis in Burgenland,<br> Erodium manescavii in Burgenland and Vienna, Festuca rubra subsp. litoralis in Lower<br> Austria, as well as Galanthus woronowii in Lower Austria and Vienna. Three native species are new<br> to one Federal State: Arenaria multicaulis to Carinthia, Hieracium transylvanicum to Burgenland,<br> and Orobanche lycoctoni to Vorarlberg. Among adventitious occurrences, 23 taxa are new to one<br> up to three Federal States: for Burgenland, Ammi visnaga, Nassella tenuissima, Sporobolus vaginiflorus,<br> Torilis nodosa and Tulipa sylvestris; for Lower Austria, Erigeron sumatrensis, Nassella<br> tenuissima, Polycarpon tetraphyllum, Polypogon monspeliensis, Schoenoplectus mucronatus and<br> Torilis nodosa; for Vorarlberg, Cerastium tenoreanum, Juncus ensifolius und Lobelia siphilitica;<...
(i) Floristic data of vascular high-mountain plants from the Alps and the Carpathians, with occur... more (i) Floristic data of vascular high-mountain plants from the Alps and the Carpathians, with occurrences of each species with a regular grid system (ii) Species-specific AFLP data (1/0 matrices) separately for samples from Alps and Carpathians, collected along the same grid system as the floristic dat
The Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) aims at the conservation of all three levels of biod... more The Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) aims at the conservation of all three levels of biodiversity, i.e. ecosystems, species and genes. Genetic diversity represents evolutionary potential and is important for ecosystem functioning. Unfortunately, genetic diversity in natural populations is hardly considered in conservation strategies because it is difficult to measure and has been hypothesized to co-vary with species richness. This means that species richness is taken as a surrogate of genetic diversity in conservation planning, though their relationship has not been properly evaluated. We tested whether the genetic and species levels of biodiversity co-vary, using a large-scale and multi-species approach. We chose the high-mountain flora of the Alps and the Carpathians as study systems and demonstrate that species richness and genetic diversity are not correlated. Species richness thus cannot act as a surrogate for genetic diversity. Our results have important consequences for implementing the CBD when designing conservation strategies
Electronic supplement to Billensteiner A. & Niklfeld H. (2021): Biogeographical classification of... more Electronic supplement to Billensteiner A. & Niklfeld H. (2021): Biogeographical classification of Austria based on hierarchical cluster analysis of vascular plant distributions. – Neilreichia <strong>12</strong>: 199–218. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5818991
Applying hierarchical cluster analysis on data from the project "Floristic Mapping of Austri... more Applying hierarchical cluster analysis on data from the project "Floristic Mapping of Austria", a biogeographical classification of Austria is established. Various clustering methods and similarity indices are tested for their suitability, and their performance is assessed via stability tests. The best results are achieved by the Ward method in combination with Euclidean distance. For validation, the obtained results are compared with existing natural landscape classification schemes. The results are congruent, and the level of concordance to the natural landscape classification is satisfying. It is shown that hierarchical cluster analysis based only on plant distribution data is suitable for a biogeographical classification of Austria.
Neu für Österreich sind drei Neophyten: ein Fleck von <em>Symphytum bulbosum</em> im ... more Neu für Österreich sind drei Neophyten: ein Fleck von <em>Symphytum bulbosum</em> im Burgenland, ein unbeständiges Vorkommen von <em>Euphorbia chamaesyce</em> in Niederösterreich und ein lokal invasives Auftreten von <em>Akebia quinata</em> in Kärnten. Neu für das Burgenland sind <em>Aposeris foetida</em>, <em>Potamogeton gramineus</em> und <em>Potamogeton nodosus</em> (einheimisch), <em>Panicum riparium</em> (der Status wird diskutiert) sowie <em>Aegilops cylindrica</em>, <em>Calepina irregularis</em> (diese Art auch für Niederösterreich), <em>Lonicera japonica</em> und <em>Elodea canadensis</em> (neophytisch). Neu für die Steiermark ist <em>Ranunculus fluitans</em>. Neu für Kärnten ist ein neophytischer <em>Scirpus</em> aus Nordamerika. Neu für Salzburg sind <em>Botrychium lanceolatum, Orobanche bartlingii</em> und ...
Neu für Österreich sind fünf Neophyten: ein historischer Herbarbeleg (von 1829) von <em>Hie... more Neu für Österreich sind fünf Neophyten: ein historischer Herbarbeleg (von 1829) von <em>Hieracium peleterianum</em> im niederösterreichischen Donautal, <em>Xanthium albinum</em> subsp. <em>albinum</em> im Burgenland und in Wien, unbeständige Vorkommen von <em>Sporobolus indicus</em> in Wien und von zwei Zierpflanzen, <em>Linum grandiflorum</em> in Wien und <em>Perovskia ×serotina</em> in Niederösterreich. Wenige einheimische Taxa sind für ein Bundesland neu: <em>Epipactis voethii</em> für Wien, <em>Orobanche alsatica</em> subsp. <em>libanotidis</em> (= <em>O. bartlingii</em>) für Oberösterreich, <em>Ranunculus penicillatus</em> für Kärnten. Ein isoliertes Vorkommen von <em>Daphne striata</em> ist neu für die Steiermark und rätselhafter Herkunft. Höher ist die Anzahl für ein oder zwei Bundesländer neuer Adentiver: für das Burgenland <em>...
Contact: Thorsten Englisch Harald Niklfeld thorsten.englisch@univie.ac.at harald.niklfeld@univie.... more Contact: Thorsten Englisch Harald Niklfeld thorsten.englisch@univie.ac.atharald.niklfeld@univie.ac.at Institute of Botany, University of Vienna Rennweg 14, 1030 Vienna, Austria Austria encompasses a great variety of different landscapes composed by geo-ecological (i. e. geologic, pedologic, climatic, biogeographic) environment as its "natural background" and patterns of anthropogenic influences with different types and highly varying intensities of land-use. Biological diversity exhibits dependencies on both natural and anthropogenic components of landscape and reacts in different ways to modification and transformation of land cover. Thus, a main goal in biodiversity research is to identify determinants of biodiversity patterns and proximate sources of change, and to derive indicative species as indicators of pressure, state, and response in order to assess effects of human actions on biodiversity. In search for a set of biodiversity indicators in a spatial context we re...
Aim To evaluate the effect of post-glacial migration lags on the current distribution of Alpine ... more Aim To evaluate the effect of post-glacial migration lags on the current distribution of Alpine plants and the factors responsible for possible range-filling differences among species. Location Austrian Alps. Methods We used species distribution models to predict environmentally suitable sites for 183 Alpine plants at a fine spatial resolution (100 × 100 m2). We overlaid these predictions with independent mapping data (3′× 5′) and calculated the extent to which species fill their potential ranges at this coarser grain based on several different approaches. Moreover, we correlated range-filling estimates with the magnitude of improvement of distribution models when using the distance to putative glacial refugia as an additional independent variable. Finally, we compared species-specific range-filling estimates with traits related to dispersal capacity and competitive ability of these species as well as with characteristics of their habitats. Results Even under a conservative approach, incomplete range filling appears common, with 46% and 31% of the species studied occurring in less than 75% and 50% of their predicted suitable ranges, respectively. Proximity to glacial refugia generally accounts for a lower percentage of the deviance in species distribution data (0–20%, mean 4%) than environmental variables (9–57%, mean 27%). However, its importance correlates closely and negatively with the calculated range-filling estimates. Range filling significantly increases with the dispersal capacity of a species' propagules and the breadth of its altitudinal niche. Calcicolous species have lower range filling than silicicolous plants and substrate generalists. Conclusions Our results suggest that the current ranges of many Alpine plants are still shaped by delayed Holocene recolonization of suitable sites. Hence, long-term migration lags also affect plant distribution in mountainous areas, at least on regional scales. These findings question whether high mountain floras will be able to track the expected rapid, climate change driven shifts in habitat.
Neu für Österreich sind <em>Hieracium atrocalyx </em>(Niederösterreich), die Hybride ... more Neu für Österreich sind <em>Hieracium atrocalyx </em>(Niederösterreich), die Hybride <em>Primula auricula </em>× <em>P. minima </em>(Kärnten) und <em>Taraxacum pulchellum </em>(Kärnten). Neu für ein Bundesland bzw. die Böhmische Masse sind <em>Allium strictum </em>(Kärnten), <em>Draba stylaris </em>(Vorarlberg), <em>Rhamnus saxatilis </em>(Böhmische Masse), <em>Schoenoplectus mucronatus </em>(Böhmische Masse, Status unklar) und <em>Vicia cassubica </em>(Kärnten). <em>Arnica montana </em>ist neu für die historische Flora Wiens. Bedeutende Wiederfunde für ein Bundesland bzw. einen Naturraum sind <em>Blackstonia acuminata </em>(Vorarlberg), <em>Botrychium multifidum </em>(Nordtirol), <em>Campanula latifolia </em>(Osttirol), <em>Cicuta virosa </em>(Steiermark), <em>Dianthus carthusianorum </em>× <em>D. s...
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