O presente artigo expressa a reflexão conjunta sobre o ensino da fisiologia, unidade curricular d... more O presente artigo expressa a reflexão conjunta sobre o ensino da fisiologia, unidade curricular do 2.º ano do Mestrado Integrado em Medicina (MIM); uma reflexão realizada pelos Departamentos de Fisiologia e de Educação Médica da Faculdade de Ciências Médicas (FCM) da Universidade Nova de Lisboa. O artigo baseia-se no cruzamento das opções pedagógicas do regente da unidade curricular com as opiniões de alunos do 6.º ano do curso, que também são co-autores do texto. A partir de um enquadramento sobre aprendizagem da medicina nos tempos de hoje e sobre a forma como os jovens adultos aprendem, caracteriza-se o que tem sido o ensino da fisiologia na FCM nas últimas duas décadas. Explicitam-se as razões que levaram à opção por uma abordagem científica apoiada num “laboratório seco” com recurso a simuladores, como forma de fornecer ferramentas cognitivas consideradas úteis para a prossecução do curso e para a futura vida profissional dos estudantes. Os estudantes valorizaram, para além da ...
PurposeThe study investigates meaningful learning among higher education students using concept m... more PurposeThe study investigates meaningful learning among higher education students using concept maps (CM) as a learning strategy. The main goals were to understand whether the introduction of CM produced changes in students' academic achievement and intrinsic motivation (IM).Design/methodology/approachIn this quasi-experimental study, academic achievement was collected using achievement tests made in-class, IM through a self-reported questionnaire and the usefulness of CM using an interview. The research sample consisted of 60 undergraduate students enrolled in the first year of an undergraduate occupational therapy (OT) program of a Portuguese polytechnic institute in two different consecutive academic years. Students were assigned to 2 groups (experimental group (EG) – 23 and control group – 37). CM were introduced in the pedagogical process of the EG.FindingsCM produced better academic achievement in the EG. Nevertheless, groups presented a decrease in the levels of IM over t...
This article describes a project, which took place between 1992 and 1994, on the application of p... more This article describes a project, which took place between 1992 and 1994, on the application of problem-based learning to three disciplines of the basic medical curriculum: Biochemistry (1st year) Physiology (2nd year) and physiopathology (3rd year). The main objectives of the project were to bring teaching closer to the future professional reality, to stimulate critical thinking and to facilitate independent learning. Despite differences in content and in teaching materials, the trigger event for learning was information given within a clinical context which was further analyzed in small-group tutorial sessions. The project also included the training of the tutors and the development of audiovisual materials. Although no statistically significant differences were found in the final scores between students taught during this period and before, the first group reported a considerable increase in the motivation to learn which, in the case of Biochemistry, was important to change the p...
ABSTRACT The practice of integrated education for pupils with special needs has been attempted na... more ABSTRACT The practice of integrated education for pupils with special needs has been attempted nationally in Portugal. This has prompted the development of area support teams across the country. Whilst this is a positive move, it has created a pressure for specialist training of teachers. This demand is yet to be fulfilled; an example of an inservice course is outlined in this report.
The aim of this study was to determine, in a group of medical students, whether the acquired know... more The aim of this study was to determine, in a group of medical students, whether the acquired knowledge in Pathophysiology was comparable when assessed using a concept map based test, with MCQ’s embedded (CM test) or a traditional context-free MCQ test (MCQ test) and to evaluate the feasibility of implementing CM test as an assessment tool. CM tests consisted of incomplete concept maps, with concepts left blank for the students to fill in, choosing the correct answer among five possible options. The same questions were used to produce two traditional context-free multiple-choice tests one on the pathophysiological mechanisms of liver cirrhosis and the other on circulatory shock One hundred and eleven volunteers were allocated in two groups: Group 1 (n=56), performed a liver cirrhosis CM test and a MCQ test on circulatory shock and Group 2 (n=55) performed CM test circulatory shock and a MCQ test on liver cirrhosis. Both groups performed better in CM tests (cirrhosis test score: 49.2 ...
Cet article s’inscrit dans le cadre de l’Education Medicale et porte sur l’introduction d’innovat... more Cet article s’inscrit dans le cadre de l’Education Medicale et porte sur l’introduction d’innovations pedagogiques dans les cours de medicine. La recherche-action collaborative 1 presentee ici se centre sur une experience pedagogique vecue au sein de la discipline de Physiopathologie (discipline de la 3 e annee du cours de medicine de la Faculte de Sciences Medicales de l’Universite Nouvelle de Lisbonne), ou les «Cartes Conceptuelles» (CC) sont utilisees comme un outil pedagogique integre dans une strategie d’«Apprentissage Par Problemes» (APP). On a vise a determiner l’utilite des CC, articulees avec l’APP, d’apres les opinions des etudiants, recueillies, par questionnaire, au long des quatre dernieres annees scolaires. L’analyse des commentaires des etudiants a demontre leur adhesion a l’utilisation des CC dans une strategie d’APP, surtout comme un outil d’organisation et de schematisation des contenus et a confirme les avantages des CC pour l’apprentissage de la discipline de Phy...
Having closely monitored the need for doctors to adapt to new situations and address the changes ... more Having closely monitored the need for doctors to adapt to new situations and address the changes under way in the health sector, faculties of medicine have begun to renew their curricula. The new curriculum and pedagogical innovations introduced have, nonetheless, instigated some resistance. Part of the solution to this problem may lie in the pedagogical training of the teachers to support them in their choice and use of a variety of flexible pedagogical approaches. As far as the teachers of faculties of medicine are concerned, the of the education departments as an instrument of support during this period of change has come to be broadly acknowledged. This article reflects on this issue and is structured around three main conceptual strands: the need to provide future doctors with a type of training that will address the new challenges of modern society; the main concepts of current faculties of medicine curricula, particularly in Europe and America; the contribution of medical edu...
Context Medically unexplained physical symptoms (MUPS) are frequently encountered in family medic... more Context Medically unexplained physical symptoms (MUPS) are frequently encountered in family medicine, and lead to disability, discomfort, medicalisation, iatrogenesis and economic costs. They cause professionals to feel insecure and frustrated and patients to feel dissatisfied and misunderstood. Doctors seek answers for rather than with the patient. Objectives This study aimed to explore patients' explanations of the medically unexplained physical symptoms that they were experiencing by eliciting their own explanations for their complaints, their associated fears, their expectations of the consultation, changes in their ideas of causality, and the therapeutic approach that they considered would be useful. Methodology A qualitative analysis was under-taken of interviews with 15 patients with MUPS in a family medicine unit, 6 months after diagnosis. Results Experience is crucial in construction of the meaning of symptoms and illness behaviour. Many patients identify psychosocial c...
O presente artigo expressa a reflexão conjunta sobre o ensino da fisiologia, unidade curricular d... more O presente artigo expressa a reflexão conjunta sobre o ensino da fisiologia, unidade curricular do 2.º ano do Mestrado Integrado em Medicina (MIM); uma reflexão realizada pelos Departamentos de Fisiologia e de Educação Médica da Faculdade de Ciências Médicas (FCM) da Universidade Nova de Lisboa. O artigo baseia-se no cruzamento das opções pedagógicas do regente da unidade curricular com as opiniões de alunos do 6.º ano do curso, que também são co-autores do texto. A partir de um enquadramento sobre aprendizagem da medicina nos tempos de hoje e sobre a forma como os jovens adultos aprendem, caracteriza-se o que tem sido o ensino da fisiologia na FCM nas últimas duas décadas. Explicitam-se as razões que levaram à opção por uma abordagem científica apoiada num “laboratório seco” com recurso a simuladores, como forma de fornecer ferramentas cognitivas consideradas úteis para a prossecução do curso e para a futura vida profissional dos estudantes. Os estudantes valorizaram, para além da ...
PurposeThe study investigates meaningful learning among higher education students using concept m... more PurposeThe study investigates meaningful learning among higher education students using concept maps (CM) as a learning strategy. The main goals were to understand whether the introduction of CM produced changes in students' academic achievement and intrinsic motivation (IM).Design/methodology/approachIn this quasi-experimental study, academic achievement was collected using achievement tests made in-class, IM through a self-reported questionnaire and the usefulness of CM using an interview. The research sample consisted of 60 undergraduate students enrolled in the first year of an undergraduate occupational therapy (OT) program of a Portuguese polytechnic institute in two different consecutive academic years. Students were assigned to 2 groups (experimental group (EG) – 23 and control group – 37). CM were introduced in the pedagogical process of the EG.FindingsCM produced better academic achievement in the EG. Nevertheless, groups presented a decrease in the levels of IM over t...
This article describes a project, which took place between 1992 and 1994, on the application of p... more This article describes a project, which took place between 1992 and 1994, on the application of problem-based learning to three disciplines of the basic medical curriculum: Biochemistry (1st year) Physiology (2nd year) and physiopathology (3rd year). The main objectives of the project were to bring teaching closer to the future professional reality, to stimulate critical thinking and to facilitate independent learning. Despite differences in content and in teaching materials, the trigger event for learning was information given within a clinical context which was further analyzed in small-group tutorial sessions. The project also included the training of the tutors and the development of audiovisual materials. Although no statistically significant differences were found in the final scores between students taught during this period and before, the first group reported a considerable increase in the motivation to learn which, in the case of Biochemistry, was important to change the p...
ABSTRACT The practice of integrated education for pupils with special needs has been attempted na... more ABSTRACT The practice of integrated education for pupils with special needs has been attempted nationally in Portugal. This has prompted the development of area support teams across the country. Whilst this is a positive move, it has created a pressure for specialist training of teachers. This demand is yet to be fulfilled; an example of an inservice course is outlined in this report.
The aim of this study was to determine, in a group of medical students, whether the acquired know... more The aim of this study was to determine, in a group of medical students, whether the acquired knowledge in Pathophysiology was comparable when assessed using a concept map based test, with MCQ’s embedded (CM test) or a traditional context-free MCQ test (MCQ test) and to evaluate the feasibility of implementing CM test as an assessment tool. CM tests consisted of incomplete concept maps, with concepts left blank for the students to fill in, choosing the correct answer among five possible options. The same questions were used to produce two traditional context-free multiple-choice tests one on the pathophysiological mechanisms of liver cirrhosis and the other on circulatory shock One hundred and eleven volunteers were allocated in two groups: Group 1 (n=56), performed a liver cirrhosis CM test and a MCQ test on circulatory shock and Group 2 (n=55) performed CM test circulatory shock and a MCQ test on liver cirrhosis. Both groups performed better in CM tests (cirrhosis test score: 49.2 ...
Cet article s’inscrit dans le cadre de l’Education Medicale et porte sur l’introduction d’innovat... more Cet article s’inscrit dans le cadre de l’Education Medicale et porte sur l’introduction d’innovations pedagogiques dans les cours de medicine. La recherche-action collaborative 1 presentee ici se centre sur une experience pedagogique vecue au sein de la discipline de Physiopathologie (discipline de la 3 e annee du cours de medicine de la Faculte de Sciences Medicales de l’Universite Nouvelle de Lisbonne), ou les «Cartes Conceptuelles» (CC) sont utilisees comme un outil pedagogique integre dans une strategie d’«Apprentissage Par Problemes» (APP). On a vise a determiner l’utilite des CC, articulees avec l’APP, d’apres les opinions des etudiants, recueillies, par questionnaire, au long des quatre dernieres annees scolaires. L’analyse des commentaires des etudiants a demontre leur adhesion a l’utilisation des CC dans une strategie d’APP, surtout comme un outil d’organisation et de schematisation des contenus et a confirme les avantages des CC pour l’apprentissage de la discipline de Phy...
Having closely monitored the need for doctors to adapt to new situations and address the changes ... more Having closely monitored the need for doctors to adapt to new situations and address the changes under way in the health sector, faculties of medicine have begun to renew their curricula. The new curriculum and pedagogical innovations introduced have, nonetheless, instigated some resistance. Part of the solution to this problem may lie in the pedagogical training of the teachers to support them in their choice and use of a variety of flexible pedagogical approaches. As far as the teachers of faculties of medicine are concerned, the of the education departments as an instrument of support during this period of change has come to be broadly acknowledged. This article reflects on this issue and is structured around three main conceptual strands: the need to provide future doctors with a type of training that will address the new challenges of modern society; the main concepts of current faculties of medicine curricula, particularly in Europe and America; the contribution of medical edu...
Context Medically unexplained physical symptoms (MUPS) are frequently encountered in family medic... more Context Medically unexplained physical symptoms (MUPS) are frequently encountered in family medicine, and lead to disability, discomfort, medicalisation, iatrogenesis and economic costs. They cause professionals to feel insecure and frustrated and patients to feel dissatisfied and misunderstood. Doctors seek answers for rather than with the patient. Objectives This study aimed to explore patients' explanations of the medically unexplained physical symptoms that they were experiencing by eliciting their own explanations for their complaints, their associated fears, their expectations of the consultation, changes in their ideas of causality, and the therapeutic approach that they considered would be useful. Methodology A qualitative analysis was under-taken of interviews with 15 patients with MUPS in a family medicine unit, 6 months after diagnosis. Results Experience is crucial in construction of the meaning of symptoms and illness behaviour. Many patients identify psychosocial c...
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