Faculty in economics and research for past one decade. Completed 12 policy oriented research papers. My research area interest is public finance and agricultural economics. Supervisors: Dr. K. Jothi Sivagnanam Professor and Head, Department of Economics, University of Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu Phone: 9940746666 9942081551 Address: Department of Economics Guru Nanak College Velachery, Chennai-42
The entomopathogenic fungus, Metarhizium anisopliae is being considered as a biocontrol agent for... more The entomopathogenic fungus, Metarhizium anisopliae is being considered as a biocontrol agent for the adult mosquito of Anopheles stephensi (Malarial vector). In the present experiment was carried out in the laboratory of 30-50 male and female adult mosquitoes were exposed to M. anisopliae (exposed to 1 x 106 conidia/ml of oil or water suspension). In our results, there was 96% and 94% adult mortality was observed in oil and water formulated conidia of M. anisopliae. Similarly, adult emergency rate was also decreased with increasing concentration (1x108 conidia/ml). Finally, we conclude that the fungal spores or cells developed within insect cuticle which is suppress the cellular defence system and also fungal grow on the legs and wings to arrest the mosquito movement.
Research Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences, 2018
Suicide is one of the epidemiological problems in the world. The factors like social, psychologic... more Suicide is one of the epidemiological problems in the world. The factors like social, psychological, cultural and other factors are very determining factors stimulate suicidal behaviour. Farmers’ suicide is one most incidence happen in the world, particularly, in India, farmers suicide is most important issues. The farmer's suicides are due to the mental stress cause of poverty, crop failure and loss and indebtedness in rural area in recent years. Indebtedness and the not earning adequate income to relief the debt is affect the farmers feeling of self-esteem and respect in society. The objective of the paper is finding out the incidence of farmers suicides in districts levels of Tamil Nadu and causes of it. The first is introductory in nature; the second deals with incidence of farmer's suicides in India level. Third describes the growth trends of farmer's suicides in Tamil Nadu at district level. Fourth section deals with procedure adopted and criteria for compensation and lastly provides concluding remarks and policy suggestions.
Journal of Entomological and Acarological Research, 2015
Lymphatic filariasis is an infection with the filarial worms, <em>Wuchereria bancrofti</... more Lymphatic filariasis is an infection with the filarial worms, <em>Wuchereria bancrofti</em>, <em>Brugia</em> <em>malayi</em> and <em>B. timori</em>. These parasites are transmitted to humans through the bite of an infected <em>Culex</em> mosquito and develop into adult worms in the lymphatic vessels, causing severe damage and swelling (lymphoedema). Mosquito control, in view of their medical as well as economical importance, assumes global importance. Geographic information system (GIS) is a powerful tool to analyse the distribution of mosquitoes and their relationship to different environmental factors, and can substantially improve our ability to quantify the impacts of demographic, climatic and ecological changes in vector distribution. In the present study <em>Culex</em> <em>quinquefasciatus</em>, <em>Culex</em> <em>tritaeniorhynchus</em> and <em>Culex</em> <...
History and origin of Public Economics Presented as the evolutionary nature of its disciplinary i... more History and origin of Public Economics Presented as the evolutionary nature of its disciplinary interest to for student curriculaum and a method of analysis for Govt. Policy doiers. The subject matter of this article has fully involved to discuss from its history and origin from classical periods to its in modern times. Further this article explained the nature and characteristics of public economics in collaboration, as a method of analysis of many dominant issues like externalities, market failure and distortions effects is to be as subject of studies in its growth.
Fertilisers are one of the major inputs of agriculture. The average fertilizer consumption (per h... more Fertilisers are one of the major inputs of agriculture. The average fertilizer consumption (per hectare) was very meagre amounting to 2 kg in 1950; it increased to 128 kg in 2012-13 due to the development of technology. The imbalanced use of fertilizers affects the crop production and soil fertility. There are deficiencies in various crops due to soil conditions. The objective of this paper is to examine the growth trend of fertiliser’s consumption and soil health status in Tamil Nadu. There is a functional relationship between fertilisers, nutrients and soil. A balanced nutrition is essential for maintaining soil productivity. The nutrients application in the soil is based on the requirement for crop and the nutrient supplying capacity of the soil. Therefore, there is a need for suitable management of nutrients to increase crop production. The farmers have to adopt the right quantity of fertilizers recommended for crop production. They have to maintain soil fertility by using fertilisers efficiently.
In order to combat the challenge of deficit in food availability, the Government of India launche... more In order to combat the challenge of deficit in food availability, the Government of India launched National Food Security Mission (NFSM) in 2007-08. The main objective is to achieve self-sufficiency in foodgrains production to improve livelihood of the people. Rice, wheat and pulses are given high priority in the process of production by the Union and State Governments. In Tamil Nadu, only 25 per cent of the districts (8 districts) where rice cultivation is predominant have implemented the scheme. After the implementation of the NFSM scheme, there has been significant improvement in the farmer’s life. NFSM beneficiaries are in a better position with improved performance in terms of input use, production, productivity in comparison with that of the Non-NFSM farmers. Further, many of the selected villages in the study area are yet to satisfy the existing coverage norms. The farmers are not well equipped with adequate farm materials like cono weeder, multiple planters, power weeder, pump sets, sprayers and power tillers as they have not been provided with them under the scheme. They have been given only a limited support like the provision of seeds and inputs. Besides, there is widespread intra-district disparity in terms of subsidy and benefits distributed.
Fertilisers are one of the major inputs of agriculture. The average fertilizer consumption (per h... more Fertilisers are one of the major inputs of agriculture. The average fertilizer consumption (per hectare) was very meagre amounting to 2 kg in 1950; it increased to 128 kg in 2012-13 due to the development of technology. The imbalanced use of fertilizers affects the crop production and soil fertility. There are deficiencies in various crops due to soil conditions. The objective of this paper is to examine the growth trend of fertiliser’s consumption and soil health status in Tamil Nadu. There is a functional relationship between fertilisers, nutrients and soil. A balanced nutrition is essential for maintaining soil productivity. The nutrients application in the soil is based on the requirement for crop and the nutrient supplying capacity of the soil. Therefore, there is a need for suitable management of nutrients to increase crop production. The farmers have to adopt the right quantity of fertilizers recommended for crop production. They have to maintain soil fertility by using fertilisers efficiently
International Journal of Advance Research and Innovative Ideas in Education, 2019
NFSM scheme is one of the flagship schemes for the development farmer's livelihood. The objective... more NFSM scheme is one of the flagship schemes for the development farmer's livelihood. The objective is to achieve self-sufficiency in foodgrains production to improve livelihood, particularly in rice, wheat and pulses. It is providing the modern machinery, farm management and pest management. The spending for NFSM had increased from Rs. 4,882.48 crores during the Eleventh FYP to Rs. 12,350 crores during the Twelfth FYP period. It is increased threefold. The scheme is implemented in 27 states including the northern-eastern and hill states. The paper intends to analyze the trends in area, production, productivity of rice in the NFSM and non-NFSM districts in Tamil Nadu. The paper is divided into six sections. The first is introductory in nature; the second deals with review of literature. Third describes the growth trends of foodgrain production in India. Fourth section deals with rice production in Tamil Nadu and fifth section describes that government spending to the NFSM scheme in Tamil Nadu. Lastly provides concluding remarks and policy suggestions from the study.
International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR), 2019
Oil palm is one of the important commercial crop and the study was conducted to analyse the growt... more Oil palm is one of the important commercial crop and the study was conducted to analyse the growth trends in oil palm in Tamil Nadu. The area under oil palm cultivation has been stagnant for the past decade (2005-06 to 2015-16) in Tamil Nadu and there is slow progress in area under oil palm cultivation. The area under NMOOP increased from 1106 ha during 2014-15 to 1348 had during 2015-16. The productivity of palm oil increased from 4697 kgha-1during 2011-12 to 7810 kgha-1during 2015-16. The productivity of the oil increased to 40 percent over the five years. The area expansion under the scheme increased from four districts during 1993-94 to 25 districts during 2015-16. Villupuram is the leading district, followed by Cuddalore, Vellore and Thanjavur. It implies that the increase in the area expansion was because of the subsidies provided by the government and private companies which worked intensively in the area. On the other hand, Sivagangai, Thiruvallore, Krishnagiri, Pudukottai and Virudhunagar districts have lowest area under oil palm in Tamil Nadu during 2015-16.
International Journal of Research and Analytical Reviews, , 2018
Fisheries sector plays a significant role in the Indian and Tamil Nadu economy. The fishery secto... more Fisheries sector plays a significant role in the Indian and Tamil Nadu economy. The fishery sector has from traditional activities into commercial enterprises. The paper examines the post-harvest infrastructure facilities the fisheries sector in Tamil Nadu and policy analysis in the state,post-harvest infrastructure ice plants, cold storage, freezing/chill plants in Tamil Nadu, Ice plants and cold storages plants were state funds to ensure the availability of ice to fishermen to preserve the quality of harvested fish. The cold storages were provided to keep the excess quantity of fish for. In spite of these initiatives, post-harvest losses are around 15 percent. The existing condition of landing centres/landing platforms in the fishing harbours, auction halls and the fish markets (both wholesale/retail) all need improvement in terms of quality. These warrant that the government focusestheir policy initiatives in strengthening and improving post-harvest infrastructures. The foremost requirement is improving the hygienic conditions of the fish landing platforms, auction halls via required adequate washing and drainage facilities. Cold storage and ice crushing facilities also need be established at fishing harbours complexes to avoid fish losses. Key Words: Fisheries sector, Post-harvest Loss, Fish, Harbours, Economic Development, Introduction Fisheries sector plays a significant role in the Indian economy in terms of its contribution to growth and development. For growth, the sector contributes through its share in GDP and foreign exchange earnings gained through the export of fish and fishery products. For instance, in 2012-13, contribution of fisheries sector in India's GDP was 1.07 percent and its share in the GDP of the agriculture sector was 5.31. The fish production in India has reached 8.30 million tonnes per annum during 2013-14.
International Journal of Advance Research and Innovative Ideas in Education, 2018
NFSM scheme is one of the flagship schemes for the development farmer's livelihood. The objective... more NFSM scheme is one of the flagship schemes for the development farmer's livelihood. The objective is to achieve self-sufficiency in foodgrains production to improve livelihood, particularly in rice, wheat and pulses. It is providing the modern machinery, farm management and pest management. The spending for NFSM had increased from Rs. 4,882.48 crores during the Eleventh FYP to Rs. 12,350 crores during the Twelfth FYP period. It is increased threefold. The scheme is implemented in 27 states including the northern-eastern and hill states. The paper intends to analyze the trends in area, production, productivity of rice in the NFSM and non-NFSM districts in Tamil Nadu. The paper is divided into six sections. The first is introductory in nature; the second deals with review of literature. Third describes the growth trends of foodgrain production in India. Fourth section deals with rice production in Tamil Nadu and fifth section describes that government spending to the NFSM scheme in Tamil Nadu. Lastly provides concluding remarks and policy suggestions from the study.
Research Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences, 2018
Suicide is one of the epidemiological problems in the world. The factors like social, psychologic... more Suicide is one of the epidemiological problems in the world. The factors like social, psychological, cultural and other factors are very determining factors stimulate suicidal behaviour. Farmers' suicide is one most incidence happen in the world, particularly, in India, farmers suicide is most important issues. The farmer's suicides are due to the mental stress cause of poverty, crop failure and loss and indebtedness in rural area in recent years. Indebtedness and the not earning adequate income to relief the debt is affect the farmers feeling of self-esteem and respect in society. The objective of the paper is finding out the incidence of farmers suicides in districts levels of Tamil Nadu and causes of it. The first is introductory in nature; the second deals with incidence of farmer's suicides in India level. Third describes the growth trends of farmer's suicides in Tamil Nadu at district level. Fourth section deals with procedure adopted and criteria for compensation and lastly provides concluding remarks and policy suggestions.
K. Jothi Sivagnanam and K. Murugan- Agro-Economic Research Centre, University of Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 2017
We are the major producers and consumers of vegetable oils. During 2013-14, the
production of ve... more We are the major producers and consumers of vegetable oils. During 2013-14, the
production of vegetable oil is 9.64 million tonnes. The domestic availability of edible oil is continues to remain inadequate to meet the demand for it. There is wide gap between demand and availability of edible oils. Therefore, the government is imported from other countries. Oil palm satisfies 30 percent of the world edible oil and fat requirements with little fewer than seven percent of the area planted to oil crops. The palm oil production is 0.785 lakh tonnes in India. The production level is very meagre level. In future, there is wide demand for consumption of common men in India. But the area under palm oil is 19.30 lakh ha from 19 states and 2.62 lakh ha was planted upto March 2014. In the fourth coming years of 2050, the country will be needed to expand the area under oil palm is to 14.04 million tonnes from 31.03 million of vegetable oils for solving 1620 million population. The share of palm sector in the vegetable oil requirement will be 45 percent in India. The domestic production of palm oil is inadequate to meet the palm oil demand in India. The import of that is increased from 41 percent in 2001-02 to 61 percent in 2012-13. During 2012-13, the palm oil was imported of 10.40 MMT. The palm oil is consumed all most all the people in India in recent years due to price rise of other oil. During 2012-13, we are use of vegetable oil of 8.67 MMT. Out of that, palm oil accounted for 50 percent of the total edible oil consumption. To meet the increasing per capita consumption of palm oils along
with the population growth, there was an urgent need to increase the production and
productivity of palm oils in India. To tackle this problem, the Government of India has been initiated expand the large scale cultivation in the country. The Palm Oil Area Expansion scheme was started for the expansion of that oil.
K. Jothi Sivagnanam and K. Murugan- Agro-Economic Research Centre, University of Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 2017
Farmer suicides are the burning issues in the political and administrative
level in Kerala in re... more Farmer suicides are the burning issues in the political and administrative
level in Kerala in recent years. During past two decades, committing suicide of
farmers and agricultural labours have increased. The main objectives are to
study the causes leading to farmers’ suicides including production and market
risks, sociological, psychological and other family related factors responsible for
farmer suicides in Kerala. Various factors are involved in the farmer’s suicides
such as monsoon failure, high debt burdens, genetically modified crops,
government policies, public mental health, personal issues, pressure from credit
agency for repayment of loan, poor marketing system, inherited poverty of farm
families, weak psychology, crop failure, lack of government protection of farmers
and family problems. The policy makers and scholars are noted different
connotations and conflicting reasons for farmer suicides.
Primary data has been collected from five districts namely Idukki, Kannur,
Palakkad and Wayanad of Kerala. The chosen of four districts for the present
study are highest victim households in recent years. Totally ten representative
blocks are taken for collection of primary data. In each block, the victim
households has been chosen based on incidence happen and stratified according
to four land size groups such as marginal (less than 1 hectare), small (1 to 2
hectares), medium (2 to 4 hectares) and large (more than 4 hectares). In five four,
Wayanad district recorded highest suicides of 15 cases, followed by Palakad (10
cases), Idukki (1 case) and Kannur (1 case) has been collected primary survey.
K. Jothi Sivagnanam and K. Murugan- Agro-Economic Research Centre, University of Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 2017
Farmer suicides are the burning issues in the political and
administrative level in Tamil Nadu i... more Farmer suicides are the burning issues in the political and
administrative level in Tamil Nadu in recent years. During past two
decades, committing suicide of farmers and agricultural labours have
increased. The main objectives are to study the causes leading to farmers’
suicides including production and market risks, sociological, psychological
and other family related factors responsible for farmer suicides in Tamil
Nadu. Various factors are involved in the farmer’s suicides such as
monsoon failure, high debt burdens, genetically modified crops,
government policies, public mental health, personal issues, pressure from
credit agency for repayment of loan, poor marketing system, inherited
poverty of farm families, weak psychology, crop failure, lack of government
protection of farmers and family problems. The policy makers and
scholars are noted different connotations and conflicting reasons for
farmer suicides.The farmer’s suicide rate in farm distressed districts such
as like Nagapattinam, Thanjavur, Thiruvarur, Pudukottai and Tirunelveli
relatively high among the state. The agrarian distress, farmer suicides
have been relatively more recent years. farmers in the wake of imminent
crop failure and fear of inability to repay crop loans and their fields on
seeing their crops withering away due to lack of sufficient water,
particularly in the Cauvery command area dependent on canal irrigation
and non-availability of adequate storage in Mettur dam at the head of the
system in the wake of Karnataka's obduracy.
K. Jothi Sivagnanam and K. Murugan- Agro-Economic Research Centre, University of Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 2016
The fisheries sector is an important player in the overall socioeconomic
development of our coun... more The fisheries sector is an important player in the overall socioeconomic
development of our country. The vibrancy of the sector can be visualized by more
than 13 fold increase that India achieved in fish production in just six decades, i.e.
from 0.75 million tonnes in 1950-51 to 10.07 million tonnes during 2014-15. This
resulted in an unparalleled average annual growth rate of over 5 percent over the years
which have placed the country on the forefront of global fish production, only after
China. Besides meeting the domestic needs, the dependence of over 14.5 million
people on fisheries activities for their livelihood and foreign exchange earnings to the
tune of US$ 5.51 billion (2014–15) from fish and fisheries products, equaled about 18
percent of the export earnings from the agriculture sector, amply justifies the
importance of the sector on the country's economy and in livelihood security.
For development, the sector contributes by providing food and nutritional
security as well as employment opportunities to a considerable number of our
population. Over the last six decades, the fishery sector has transformed itself from a
purely traditional activity into a significant commercial enterprise. Thus, it is obvious
that increasing fish production will certainly help to promote growth and development
but fish, particularly marine resources, are fast depleting due to overexploitation of our
coastal areas. Given such resource constraint, preventing the loss of fisheries,
particularly during the various post-harvest stages gains more significance.
Thus, though the sector has transformed in terms of its nature and significance,
there are challenges yet to be addressed but reducing or if possible, eliminating
economic losses of fisheries due to inadequate postinfrastructure (PHI) facilities is one of the most important of them. Being a highly perishable commodity, fish requires
proper landing facilities, processing, storage, transport and distribution facilities
running through the entire supply chain from capture to consumer. Adequate
provisions of such infrastructure may result in the utilization of fish in a cost-effective
and efficient way and absence of such required infrastructure facilities result in
considerable wastage and losses. As there is limited scope for horizontal expansion to
cope with the public food demand, vertical intensification through integration of
different farm based enterprises and post-harvest loss reductions could help to meet
expected increase in production demand and quality.
The entomopathogenic fungus, Metarhizium anisopliae is being considered as a biocontrol agent for... more The entomopathogenic fungus, Metarhizium anisopliae is being considered as a biocontrol agent for the adult mosquito of Anopheles stephensi (Malarial vector). In the present experiment was carried out in the laboratory of 30-50 male and female adult mosquitoes were exposed to M. anisopliae (exposed to 1 x 106 conidia/ml of oil or water suspension). In our results, there was 96% and 94% adult mortality was observed in oil and water formulated conidia of M. anisopliae. Similarly, adult emergency rate was also decreased with increasing concentration (1x108 conidia/ml). Finally, we conclude that the fungal spores or cells developed within insect cuticle which is suppress the cellular defence system and also fungal grow on the legs and wings to arrest the mosquito movement.
Research Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences, 2018
Suicide is one of the epidemiological problems in the world. The factors like social, psychologic... more Suicide is one of the epidemiological problems in the world. The factors like social, psychological, cultural and other factors are very determining factors stimulate suicidal behaviour. Farmers’ suicide is one most incidence happen in the world, particularly, in India, farmers suicide is most important issues. The farmer's suicides are due to the mental stress cause of poverty, crop failure and loss and indebtedness in rural area in recent years. Indebtedness and the not earning adequate income to relief the debt is affect the farmers feeling of self-esteem and respect in society. The objective of the paper is finding out the incidence of farmers suicides in districts levels of Tamil Nadu and causes of it. The first is introductory in nature; the second deals with incidence of farmer's suicides in India level. Third describes the growth trends of farmer's suicides in Tamil Nadu at district level. Fourth section deals with procedure adopted and criteria for compensation and lastly provides concluding remarks and policy suggestions.
Journal of Entomological and Acarological Research, 2015
Lymphatic filariasis is an infection with the filarial worms, <em>Wuchereria bancrofti</... more Lymphatic filariasis is an infection with the filarial worms, <em>Wuchereria bancrofti</em>, <em>Brugia</em> <em>malayi</em> and <em>B. timori</em>. These parasites are transmitted to humans through the bite of an infected <em>Culex</em> mosquito and develop into adult worms in the lymphatic vessels, causing severe damage and swelling (lymphoedema). Mosquito control, in view of their medical as well as economical importance, assumes global importance. Geographic information system (GIS) is a powerful tool to analyse the distribution of mosquitoes and their relationship to different environmental factors, and can substantially improve our ability to quantify the impacts of demographic, climatic and ecological changes in vector distribution. In the present study <em>Culex</em> <em>quinquefasciatus</em>, <em>Culex</em> <em>tritaeniorhynchus</em> and <em>Culex</em> <...
History and origin of Public Economics Presented as the evolutionary nature of its disciplinary i... more History and origin of Public Economics Presented as the evolutionary nature of its disciplinary interest to for student curriculaum and a method of analysis for Govt. Policy doiers. The subject matter of this article has fully involved to discuss from its history and origin from classical periods to its in modern times. Further this article explained the nature and characteristics of public economics in collaboration, as a method of analysis of many dominant issues like externalities, market failure and distortions effects is to be as subject of studies in its growth.
Fertilisers are one of the major inputs of agriculture. The average fertilizer consumption (per h... more Fertilisers are one of the major inputs of agriculture. The average fertilizer consumption (per hectare) was very meagre amounting to 2 kg in 1950; it increased to 128 kg in 2012-13 due to the development of technology. The imbalanced use of fertilizers affects the crop production and soil fertility. There are deficiencies in various crops due to soil conditions. The objective of this paper is to examine the growth trend of fertiliser’s consumption and soil health status in Tamil Nadu. There is a functional relationship between fertilisers, nutrients and soil. A balanced nutrition is essential for maintaining soil productivity. The nutrients application in the soil is based on the requirement for crop and the nutrient supplying capacity of the soil. Therefore, there is a need for suitable management of nutrients to increase crop production. The farmers have to adopt the right quantity of fertilizers recommended for crop production. They have to maintain soil fertility by using fertilisers efficiently.
In order to combat the challenge of deficit in food availability, the Government of India launche... more In order to combat the challenge of deficit in food availability, the Government of India launched National Food Security Mission (NFSM) in 2007-08. The main objective is to achieve self-sufficiency in foodgrains production to improve livelihood of the people. Rice, wheat and pulses are given high priority in the process of production by the Union and State Governments. In Tamil Nadu, only 25 per cent of the districts (8 districts) where rice cultivation is predominant have implemented the scheme. After the implementation of the NFSM scheme, there has been significant improvement in the farmer’s life. NFSM beneficiaries are in a better position with improved performance in terms of input use, production, productivity in comparison with that of the Non-NFSM farmers. Further, many of the selected villages in the study area are yet to satisfy the existing coverage norms. The farmers are not well equipped with adequate farm materials like cono weeder, multiple planters, power weeder, pump sets, sprayers and power tillers as they have not been provided with them under the scheme. They have been given only a limited support like the provision of seeds and inputs. Besides, there is widespread intra-district disparity in terms of subsidy and benefits distributed.
Fertilisers are one of the major inputs of agriculture. The average fertilizer consumption (per h... more Fertilisers are one of the major inputs of agriculture. The average fertilizer consumption (per hectare) was very meagre amounting to 2 kg in 1950; it increased to 128 kg in 2012-13 due to the development of technology. The imbalanced use of fertilizers affects the crop production and soil fertility. There are deficiencies in various crops due to soil conditions. The objective of this paper is to examine the growth trend of fertiliser’s consumption and soil health status in Tamil Nadu. There is a functional relationship between fertilisers, nutrients and soil. A balanced nutrition is essential for maintaining soil productivity. The nutrients application in the soil is based on the requirement for crop and the nutrient supplying capacity of the soil. Therefore, there is a need for suitable management of nutrients to increase crop production. The farmers have to adopt the right quantity of fertilizers recommended for crop production. They have to maintain soil fertility by using fertilisers efficiently
International Journal of Advance Research and Innovative Ideas in Education, 2019
NFSM scheme is one of the flagship schemes for the development farmer's livelihood. The objective... more NFSM scheme is one of the flagship schemes for the development farmer's livelihood. The objective is to achieve self-sufficiency in foodgrains production to improve livelihood, particularly in rice, wheat and pulses. It is providing the modern machinery, farm management and pest management. The spending for NFSM had increased from Rs. 4,882.48 crores during the Eleventh FYP to Rs. 12,350 crores during the Twelfth FYP period. It is increased threefold. The scheme is implemented in 27 states including the northern-eastern and hill states. The paper intends to analyze the trends in area, production, productivity of rice in the NFSM and non-NFSM districts in Tamil Nadu. The paper is divided into six sections. The first is introductory in nature; the second deals with review of literature. Third describes the growth trends of foodgrain production in India. Fourth section deals with rice production in Tamil Nadu and fifth section describes that government spending to the NFSM scheme in Tamil Nadu. Lastly provides concluding remarks and policy suggestions from the study.
International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR), 2019
Oil palm is one of the important commercial crop and the study was conducted to analyse the growt... more Oil palm is one of the important commercial crop and the study was conducted to analyse the growth trends in oil palm in Tamil Nadu. The area under oil palm cultivation has been stagnant for the past decade (2005-06 to 2015-16) in Tamil Nadu and there is slow progress in area under oil palm cultivation. The area under NMOOP increased from 1106 ha during 2014-15 to 1348 had during 2015-16. The productivity of palm oil increased from 4697 kgha-1during 2011-12 to 7810 kgha-1during 2015-16. The productivity of the oil increased to 40 percent over the five years. The area expansion under the scheme increased from four districts during 1993-94 to 25 districts during 2015-16. Villupuram is the leading district, followed by Cuddalore, Vellore and Thanjavur. It implies that the increase in the area expansion was because of the subsidies provided by the government and private companies which worked intensively in the area. On the other hand, Sivagangai, Thiruvallore, Krishnagiri, Pudukottai and Virudhunagar districts have lowest area under oil palm in Tamil Nadu during 2015-16.
International Journal of Research and Analytical Reviews, , 2018
Fisheries sector plays a significant role in the Indian and Tamil Nadu economy. The fishery secto... more Fisheries sector plays a significant role in the Indian and Tamil Nadu economy. The fishery sector has from traditional activities into commercial enterprises. The paper examines the post-harvest infrastructure facilities the fisheries sector in Tamil Nadu and policy analysis in the state,post-harvest infrastructure ice plants, cold storage, freezing/chill plants in Tamil Nadu, Ice plants and cold storages plants were state funds to ensure the availability of ice to fishermen to preserve the quality of harvested fish. The cold storages were provided to keep the excess quantity of fish for. In spite of these initiatives, post-harvest losses are around 15 percent. The existing condition of landing centres/landing platforms in the fishing harbours, auction halls and the fish markets (both wholesale/retail) all need improvement in terms of quality. These warrant that the government focusestheir policy initiatives in strengthening and improving post-harvest infrastructures. The foremost requirement is improving the hygienic conditions of the fish landing platforms, auction halls via required adequate washing and drainage facilities. Cold storage and ice crushing facilities also need be established at fishing harbours complexes to avoid fish losses. Key Words: Fisheries sector, Post-harvest Loss, Fish, Harbours, Economic Development, Introduction Fisheries sector plays a significant role in the Indian economy in terms of its contribution to growth and development. For growth, the sector contributes through its share in GDP and foreign exchange earnings gained through the export of fish and fishery products. For instance, in 2012-13, contribution of fisheries sector in India's GDP was 1.07 percent and its share in the GDP of the agriculture sector was 5.31. The fish production in India has reached 8.30 million tonnes per annum during 2013-14.
International Journal of Advance Research and Innovative Ideas in Education, 2018
NFSM scheme is one of the flagship schemes for the development farmer's livelihood. The objective... more NFSM scheme is one of the flagship schemes for the development farmer's livelihood. The objective is to achieve self-sufficiency in foodgrains production to improve livelihood, particularly in rice, wheat and pulses. It is providing the modern machinery, farm management and pest management. The spending for NFSM had increased from Rs. 4,882.48 crores during the Eleventh FYP to Rs. 12,350 crores during the Twelfth FYP period. It is increased threefold. The scheme is implemented in 27 states including the northern-eastern and hill states. The paper intends to analyze the trends in area, production, productivity of rice in the NFSM and non-NFSM districts in Tamil Nadu. The paper is divided into six sections. The first is introductory in nature; the second deals with review of literature. Third describes the growth trends of foodgrain production in India. Fourth section deals with rice production in Tamil Nadu and fifth section describes that government spending to the NFSM scheme in Tamil Nadu. Lastly provides concluding remarks and policy suggestions from the study.
Research Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences, 2018
Suicide is one of the epidemiological problems in the world. The factors like social, psychologic... more Suicide is one of the epidemiological problems in the world. The factors like social, psychological, cultural and other factors are very determining factors stimulate suicidal behaviour. Farmers' suicide is one most incidence happen in the world, particularly, in India, farmers suicide is most important issues. The farmer's suicides are due to the mental stress cause of poverty, crop failure and loss and indebtedness in rural area in recent years. Indebtedness and the not earning adequate income to relief the debt is affect the farmers feeling of self-esteem and respect in society. The objective of the paper is finding out the incidence of farmers suicides in districts levels of Tamil Nadu and causes of it. The first is introductory in nature; the second deals with incidence of farmer's suicides in India level. Third describes the growth trends of farmer's suicides in Tamil Nadu at district level. Fourth section deals with procedure adopted and criteria for compensation and lastly provides concluding remarks and policy suggestions.
K. Jothi Sivagnanam and K. Murugan- Agro-Economic Research Centre, University of Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 2017
We are the major producers and consumers of vegetable oils. During 2013-14, the
production of ve... more We are the major producers and consumers of vegetable oils. During 2013-14, the
production of vegetable oil is 9.64 million tonnes. The domestic availability of edible oil is continues to remain inadequate to meet the demand for it. There is wide gap between demand and availability of edible oils. Therefore, the government is imported from other countries. Oil palm satisfies 30 percent of the world edible oil and fat requirements with little fewer than seven percent of the area planted to oil crops. The palm oil production is 0.785 lakh tonnes in India. The production level is very meagre level. In future, there is wide demand for consumption of common men in India. But the area under palm oil is 19.30 lakh ha from 19 states and 2.62 lakh ha was planted upto March 2014. In the fourth coming years of 2050, the country will be needed to expand the area under oil palm is to 14.04 million tonnes from 31.03 million of vegetable oils for solving 1620 million population. The share of palm sector in the vegetable oil requirement will be 45 percent in India. The domestic production of palm oil is inadequate to meet the palm oil demand in India. The import of that is increased from 41 percent in 2001-02 to 61 percent in 2012-13. During 2012-13, the palm oil was imported of 10.40 MMT. The palm oil is consumed all most all the people in India in recent years due to price rise of other oil. During 2012-13, we are use of vegetable oil of 8.67 MMT. Out of that, palm oil accounted for 50 percent of the total edible oil consumption. To meet the increasing per capita consumption of palm oils along
with the population growth, there was an urgent need to increase the production and
productivity of palm oils in India. To tackle this problem, the Government of India has been initiated expand the large scale cultivation in the country. The Palm Oil Area Expansion scheme was started for the expansion of that oil.
K. Jothi Sivagnanam and K. Murugan- Agro-Economic Research Centre, University of Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 2017
Farmer suicides are the burning issues in the political and administrative
level in Kerala in re... more Farmer suicides are the burning issues in the political and administrative
level in Kerala in recent years. During past two decades, committing suicide of
farmers and agricultural labours have increased. The main objectives are to
study the causes leading to farmers’ suicides including production and market
risks, sociological, psychological and other family related factors responsible for
farmer suicides in Kerala. Various factors are involved in the farmer’s suicides
such as monsoon failure, high debt burdens, genetically modified crops,
government policies, public mental health, personal issues, pressure from credit
agency for repayment of loan, poor marketing system, inherited poverty of farm
families, weak psychology, crop failure, lack of government protection of farmers
and family problems. The policy makers and scholars are noted different
connotations and conflicting reasons for farmer suicides.
Primary data has been collected from five districts namely Idukki, Kannur,
Palakkad and Wayanad of Kerala. The chosen of four districts for the present
study are highest victim households in recent years. Totally ten representative
blocks are taken for collection of primary data. In each block, the victim
households has been chosen based on incidence happen and stratified according
to four land size groups such as marginal (less than 1 hectare), small (1 to 2
hectares), medium (2 to 4 hectares) and large (more than 4 hectares). In five four,
Wayanad district recorded highest suicides of 15 cases, followed by Palakad (10
cases), Idukki (1 case) and Kannur (1 case) has been collected primary survey.
K. Jothi Sivagnanam and K. Murugan- Agro-Economic Research Centre, University of Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 2017
Farmer suicides are the burning issues in the political and
administrative level in Tamil Nadu i... more Farmer suicides are the burning issues in the political and
administrative level in Tamil Nadu in recent years. During past two
decades, committing suicide of farmers and agricultural labours have
increased. The main objectives are to study the causes leading to farmers’
suicides including production and market risks, sociological, psychological
and other family related factors responsible for farmer suicides in Tamil
Nadu. Various factors are involved in the farmer’s suicides such as
monsoon failure, high debt burdens, genetically modified crops,
government policies, public mental health, personal issues, pressure from
credit agency for repayment of loan, poor marketing system, inherited
poverty of farm families, weak psychology, crop failure, lack of government
protection of farmers and family problems. The policy makers and
scholars are noted different connotations and conflicting reasons for
farmer suicides.The farmer’s suicide rate in farm distressed districts such
as like Nagapattinam, Thanjavur, Thiruvarur, Pudukottai and Tirunelveli
relatively high among the state. The agrarian distress, farmer suicides
have been relatively more recent years. farmers in the wake of imminent
crop failure and fear of inability to repay crop loans and their fields on
seeing their crops withering away due to lack of sufficient water,
particularly in the Cauvery command area dependent on canal irrigation
and non-availability of adequate storage in Mettur dam at the head of the
system in the wake of Karnataka's obduracy.
K. Jothi Sivagnanam and K. Murugan- Agro-Economic Research Centre, University of Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 2016
The fisheries sector is an important player in the overall socioeconomic
development of our coun... more The fisheries sector is an important player in the overall socioeconomic
development of our country. The vibrancy of the sector can be visualized by more
than 13 fold increase that India achieved in fish production in just six decades, i.e.
from 0.75 million tonnes in 1950-51 to 10.07 million tonnes during 2014-15. This
resulted in an unparalleled average annual growth rate of over 5 percent over the years
which have placed the country on the forefront of global fish production, only after
China. Besides meeting the domestic needs, the dependence of over 14.5 million
people on fisheries activities for their livelihood and foreign exchange earnings to the
tune of US$ 5.51 billion (2014–15) from fish and fisheries products, equaled about 18
percent of the export earnings from the agriculture sector, amply justifies the
importance of the sector on the country's economy and in livelihood security.
For development, the sector contributes by providing food and nutritional
security as well as employment opportunities to a considerable number of our
population. Over the last six decades, the fishery sector has transformed itself from a
purely traditional activity into a significant commercial enterprise. Thus, it is obvious
that increasing fish production will certainly help to promote growth and development
but fish, particularly marine resources, are fast depleting due to overexploitation of our
coastal areas. Given such resource constraint, preventing the loss of fisheries,
particularly during the various post-harvest stages gains more significance.
Thus, though the sector has transformed in terms of its nature and significance,
there are challenges yet to be addressed but reducing or if possible, eliminating
economic losses of fisheries due to inadequate postinfrastructure (PHI) facilities is one of the most important of them. Being a highly perishable commodity, fish requires
proper landing facilities, processing, storage, transport and distribution facilities
running through the entire supply chain from capture to consumer. Adequate
provisions of such infrastructure may result in the utilization of fish in a cost-effective
and efficient way and absence of such required infrastructure facilities result in
considerable wastage and losses. As there is limited scope for horizontal expansion to
cope with the public food demand, vertical intensification through integration of
different farm based enterprises and post-harvest loss reductions could help to meet
expected increase in production demand and quality.
K. Jothi Sivagnanam, K. Murugan, Department of Economics University of Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu , 2013
Public expenditure plays a crucial role in the process of economic development of
developed and ... more Public expenditure plays a crucial role in the process of economic development of
developed and more particularly, developing countries like India, Sri Lanka and Pakistan. Public expenditure facilitates economic development by expanding economic infrastructure such as roads, power, food, shelter, health, education, employment opportunity, transport and other sectoral development. Further, it raises the standard of living of the people and promotes social, economic and human development.
The overall objective of the study is to examine the impact of public expenditure on
economic development of selected major States in India. The specific objectives are:
• To explain the association between public expenditure and economic development
in India; • To find out the composition of public expenditure in the major States of India;
• To analyze the relative significance of revenue and capital expenditures and their
impact on the growth of Gross State Domestic Product in the study area.;
K. Jothi Sivagnanam, K. Murugan-Agro-Economic Research Centre, University of Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu , 2013
Agriculture is one of the major sectors in Indian economy and within which food production plays ... more Agriculture is one of the major sectors in Indian economy and within which food production plays a critical role in ensuring our food security. India now is one of the leading countries in the world on food grain production. India’s food grain production has increased to 241 million tonnes in 2010-11 form just 50 million tonnes in 1950-51. Modern technology has made profound influence in increasing the food grain production to meet our ever growing needs.
The growing demand for agricultural commodities needs to be met with by increasing the production on one hand and mitigating the crop losses on the other. Government has implemented many schemes and programmes to support farmers and production and has started working at micro level to for efficient way of cultivation.
But the problem of food losses is a challenge that needs to be tackled effectively. The losses occur both during the pre and post harvest periods. They together are the critical determinant of food production, food security and farmers’ income. They also have deep impact on economic development and environment. The estimation of the extent of crop loss either physical or financial is rather difficult exercise but needs to be done to address them effectively by appropriate policy interventions. This study is one such attempt to estimate the physical and financial losses in paddy (rice) at farm level in Tamil Nadu and it was allotted to AERC, Chennai. Tiruvarur and Villupuram districts were selected for the study and it has also examined the ongoing measures of pest and disease management under different agro climatic conditions to identify factors responsible for such losses and suggest ways and means to reduce the extent of losses in different operations in order to increase overall productivity. The results of the study, we hope would be useful to policy makers for clear evaluation and better implementation of the schemes so as to achieve the desired objectives.
K. Jothi Sivagnanam and K. Murugan-Agro-Economic Research Centre, University of Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu , 2016
The fisheries sector is an important player in the overall socioeconomic development of our count... more The fisheries sector is an important player in the overall socioeconomic development of our country. The vibrancy of the sector can be visualized by more than 13 fold increase that India achieved in fish production in just six decades, i.e. from 0.75 million tonnes in 1950-51 to 10.07 million tonnes during 2014-15. This resulted in an unparalleled average annual growth rate of over 5 percent over the years which have placed the country on the forefront of global fish production, only after China. Besides meeting the domestic needs, the dependence of over 14.5 million people on fisheries activities for their livelihood and foreign exchange earnings to the tune of US$ 5.51 billion (2014–15) from fish and fisheries products, equaled about 18 percent of the export earnings from the agriculture sector, amply justifies the importance of the sector on the country's economy and in livelihood security.
For development, the sector contributes by providing food and nutritional security as well as employment opportunities to a considerable number of our population. Over the last six decades, the fishery sector has transformed itself from a purely traditional activity into a significant commercial enterprise. Thus, it is obvious that increasing fish production will certainly help to promote growth and development but fish, particularly marine resources, are fast depleting due to overexploitation of our coastal areas. Given such resource constraint, preventing the loss of fisheries, particularly during the various post-harvest stages gains more significance.
Thus, though the sector has transformed in terms of its nature and significance, there are challenges yet to be addressed but reducing or if possible, eliminating economic losses of fisheries due to inadequate post infrastructure (PHI) facilities is one of the most important of them. Being a highly perishable commodity, fish requires proper landing facilities, processing, storage, transport and distribution facilities running through the entire supply chain from capture to consumer. Adequate provisions of such infrastructure may result in the utilization of fish in a cost-effective and efficient way and absence of such required infrastructure facilities result in considerable wastage and losses. As there is limited scope for horizontal expansion to cope with the public food demand, vertical intensification through integration of different farm based enterprises and post-harvest loss reductions could help to meet expected increase in production demand and quality.
K. Jothi Sivagnanam and K. Murugan-Agro-Economic Research Centre, University of Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu , 2015
In India, agricultural marketing has witnessed tremendous changes since the last six decades. It ... more In India, agricultural marketing has witnessed tremendous changes since the last six decades. It plays a crucial role not only in stimulating production and consumption, but also in accelerating the economic development. There are various challenges involved in marketing of the agricultural produce. There is limited access to the market information; literacy level among the farmers is very low, multiple-channel distribution affects pockets of the farmers and the consumers. The Government funding to the farmers is inadequate. A majority of the small farmers depend upon the money lenders/private agencies. There is no effective organized and regulated marketing system for marketing the agricultural produce. The farmers have to face so many constraints in the market for receiving fair price.
In India, agricultural marketing is crowded with small traders who operate on a small scale in a limited market segment. There are many agents in-between the producers and the consumers such as wholesalers, retailers, labour contractors and brokers in each market system. Size of their business is very small. They seek large margins on small volume of business. Thus, the channels for marketing of agri-producer remain long and fragmented and lack economics of scale. Generally, an average of four to six transactions take place before the produce reaches the consumers, for each transaction involves cost and some margin for intermediaries.
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meagre amounting to 2 kg in 1950; it increased to 128 kg in 2012-13 due to the development of technology. The
imbalanced use of fertilizers affects the crop production and soil fertility. There are deficiencies in various crops due
to soil conditions. The objective of this paper is to examine the growth trend of fertiliser’s consumption and soil health
status in Tamil Nadu. There is a functional relationship between fertilisers, nutrients and soil. A balanced nutrition
is essential for maintaining soil productivity. The nutrients application in the soil is based on the requirement
for crop and the nutrient supplying capacity of the soil. Therefore, there is a need for suitable management of
nutrients to increase crop production. The farmers have to adopt the right quantity of fertilizers recommended for
crop production. They have to maintain soil fertility by using fertilisers efficiently.
meagre amounting to 2 kg in 1950; it increased to 128 kg in 2012-13 due to the development of technology. The
imbalanced use of fertilizers affects the crop production and soil fertility. There are deficiencies in various crops due
to soil conditions. The objective of this paper is to examine the growth trend of fertiliser’s consumption and soil health
status in Tamil Nadu. There is a functional relationship between fertilisers, nutrients and soil. A balanced nutrition
is essential for maintaining soil productivity. The nutrients application in the soil is based on the requirement
for crop and the nutrient supplying capacity of the soil. Therefore, there is a need for suitable management of
nutrients to increase crop production. The farmers have to adopt the right quantity of fertilizers recommended for
crop production. They have to maintain soil fertility by using fertilisers efficiently
Tamil Nadu. The area under oil palm cultivation has been stagnant for the past decade (2005-06 to 2015-16) in Tamil Nadu and there is
slow progress in area under oil palm cultivation. The area under NMOOP increased from 1106 ha during 2014-15 to 1348 had during
2015-16. The productivity of palm oil increased from 4697 kgha-1during 2011-12 to 7810 kgha-1during 2015-16. The productivity of the
oil increased to 40 percent over the five years. The area expansion under the scheme increased from four districts during 1993-94 to 25
districts during 2015-16. Villupuram is the leading district, followed by Cuddalore, Vellore and Thanjavur. It implies that the increase in
the area expansion was because of the subsidies provided by the government and private companies which worked intensively in the
area. On the other hand, Sivagangai, Thiruvallore, Krishnagiri, Pudukottai and Virudhunagar districts have lowest area under oil palm
in Tamil Nadu during 2015-16.
Key Words: Fisheries sector, Post-harvest Loss, Fish, Harbours, Economic Development,
Introduction
Fisheries sector plays a significant role in the Indian economy in terms of its contribution to growth and development. For growth, the sector contributes through its share in GDP and foreign exchange earnings gained through the export of fish and fishery products. For instance, in 2012-13, contribution of fisheries sector in India's GDP was 1.07 percent and its share in the GDP of the agriculture sector was 5.31. The fish production in India has reached 8.30 million tonnes per annum during 2013-14.
production of vegetable oil is 9.64 million tonnes. The domestic availability of edible oil is continues to remain inadequate to meet the demand for it. There is wide gap between demand and availability of edible oils. Therefore, the government is imported from other countries. Oil palm satisfies 30 percent of the world edible oil and fat requirements with little fewer than seven percent of the area planted to oil crops. The palm oil production is 0.785 lakh tonnes in India. The production level is very meagre level. In future, there is wide demand for consumption of common men in India. But the area under palm oil is 19.30 lakh ha from 19 states and 2.62 lakh ha was planted upto March 2014. In the fourth coming years of 2050, the country will be needed to expand the area under oil palm is to 14.04 million tonnes from 31.03 million of vegetable oils for solving 1620 million population. The share of palm sector in the vegetable oil requirement will be 45 percent in India. The domestic production of palm oil is inadequate to meet the palm oil demand in India. The import of that is increased from 41 percent in 2001-02 to 61 percent in 2012-13. During 2012-13, the palm oil was imported of 10.40 MMT. The palm oil is consumed all most all the people in India in recent years due to price rise of other oil. During 2012-13, we are use of vegetable oil of 8.67 MMT. Out of that, palm oil accounted for 50 percent of the total edible oil consumption. To meet the increasing per capita consumption of palm oils along
with the population growth, there was an urgent need to increase the production and
productivity of palm oils in India. To tackle this problem, the Government of India has been initiated expand the large scale cultivation in the country. The Palm Oil Area Expansion scheme was started for the expansion of that oil.
level in Kerala in recent years. During past two decades, committing suicide of
farmers and agricultural labours have increased. The main objectives are to
study the causes leading to farmers’ suicides including production and market
risks, sociological, psychological and other family related factors responsible for
farmer suicides in Kerala. Various factors are involved in the farmer’s suicides
such as monsoon failure, high debt burdens, genetically modified crops,
government policies, public mental health, personal issues, pressure from credit
agency for repayment of loan, poor marketing system, inherited poverty of farm
families, weak psychology, crop failure, lack of government protection of farmers
and family problems. The policy makers and scholars are noted different
connotations and conflicting reasons for farmer suicides.
Primary data has been collected from five districts namely Idukki, Kannur,
Palakkad and Wayanad of Kerala. The chosen of four districts for the present
study are highest victim households in recent years. Totally ten representative
blocks are taken for collection of primary data. In each block, the victim
households has been chosen based on incidence happen and stratified according
to four land size groups such as marginal (less than 1 hectare), small (1 to 2
hectares), medium (2 to 4 hectares) and large (more than 4 hectares). In five four,
Wayanad district recorded highest suicides of 15 cases, followed by Palakad (10
cases), Idukki (1 case) and Kannur (1 case) has been collected primary survey.
administrative level in Tamil Nadu in recent years. During past two
decades, committing suicide of farmers and agricultural labours have
increased. The main objectives are to study the causes leading to farmers’
suicides including production and market risks, sociological, psychological
and other family related factors responsible for farmer suicides in Tamil
Nadu. Various factors are involved in the farmer’s suicides such as
monsoon failure, high debt burdens, genetically modified crops,
government policies, public mental health, personal issues, pressure from
credit agency for repayment of loan, poor marketing system, inherited
poverty of farm families, weak psychology, crop failure, lack of government
protection of farmers and family problems. The policy makers and
scholars are noted different connotations and conflicting reasons for
farmer suicides.The farmer’s suicide rate in farm distressed districts such
as like Nagapattinam, Thanjavur, Thiruvarur, Pudukottai and Tirunelveli
relatively high among the state. The agrarian distress, farmer suicides
have been relatively more recent years. farmers in the wake of imminent
crop failure and fear of inability to repay crop loans and their fields on
seeing their crops withering away due to lack of sufficient water,
particularly in the Cauvery command area dependent on canal irrigation
and non-availability of adequate storage in Mettur dam at the head of the
system in the wake of Karnataka's obduracy.
development of our country. The vibrancy of the sector can be visualized by more
than 13 fold increase that India achieved in fish production in just six decades, i.e.
from 0.75 million tonnes in 1950-51 to 10.07 million tonnes during 2014-15. This
resulted in an unparalleled average annual growth rate of over 5 percent over the years
which have placed the country on the forefront of global fish production, only after
China. Besides meeting the domestic needs, the dependence of over 14.5 million
people on fisheries activities for their livelihood and foreign exchange earnings to the
tune of US$ 5.51 billion (2014–15) from fish and fisheries products, equaled about 18
percent of the export earnings from the agriculture sector, amply justifies the
importance of the sector on the country's economy and in livelihood security.
For development, the sector contributes by providing food and nutritional
security as well as employment opportunities to a considerable number of our
population. Over the last six decades, the fishery sector has transformed itself from a
purely traditional activity into a significant commercial enterprise. Thus, it is obvious
that increasing fish production will certainly help to promote growth and development
but fish, particularly marine resources, are fast depleting due to overexploitation of our
coastal areas. Given such resource constraint, preventing the loss of fisheries,
particularly during the various post-harvest stages gains more significance.
Thus, though the sector has transformed in terms of its nature and significance,
there are challenges yet to be addressed but reducing or if possible, eliminating
economic losses of fisheries due to inadequate postinfrastructure (PHI) facilities is one of the most important of them. Being a highly perishable commodity, fish requires
proper landing facilities, processing, storage, transport and distribution facilities
running through the entire supply chain from capture to consumer. Adequate
provisions of such infrastructure may result in the utilization of fish in a cost-effective
and efficient way and absence of such required infrastructure facilities result in
considerable wastage and losses. As there is limited scope for horizontal expansion to
cope with the public food demand, vertical intensification through integration of
different farm based enterprises and post-harvest loss reductions could help to meet
expected increase in production demand and quality.
meagre amounting to 2 kg in 1950; it increased to 128 kg in 2012-13 due to the development of technology. The
imbalanced use of fertilizers affects the crop production and soil fertility. There are deficiencies in various crops due
to soil conditions. The objective of this paper is to examine the growth trend of fertiliser’s consumption and soil health
status in Tamil Nadu. There is a functional relationship between fertilisers, nutrients and soil. A balanced nutrition
is essential for maintaining soil productivity. The nutrients application in the soil is based on the requirement
for crop and the nutrient supplying capacity of the soil. Therefore, there is a need for suitable management of
nutrients to increase crop production. The farmers have to adopt the right quantity of fertilizers recommended for
crop production. They have to maintain soil fertility by using fertilisers efficiently.
meagre amounting to 2 kg in 1950; it increased to 128 kg in 2012-13 due to the development of technology. The
imbalanced use of fertilizers affects the crop production and soil fertility. There are deficiencies in various crops due
to soil conditions. The objective of this paper is to examine the growth trend of fertiliser’s consumption and soil health
status in Tamil Nadu. There is a functional relationship between fertilisers, nutrients and soil. A balanced nutrition
is essential for maintaining soil productivity. The nutrients application in the soil is based on the requirement
for crop and the nutrient supplying capacity of the soil. Therefore, there is a need for suitable management of
nutrients to increase crop production. The farmers have to adopt the right quantity of fertilizers recommended for
crop production. They have to maintain soil fertility by using fertilisers efficiently
Tamil Nadu. The area under oil palm cultivation has been stagnant for the past decade (2005-06 to 2015-16) in Tamil Nadu and there is
slow progress in area under oil palm cultivation. The area under NMOOP increased from 1106 ha during 2014-15 to 1348 had during
2015-16. The productivity of palm oil increased from 4697 kgha-1during 2011-12 to 7810 kgha-1during 2015-16. The productivity of the
oil increased to 40 percent over the five years. The area expansion under the scheme increased from four districts during 1993-94 to 25
districts during 2015-16. Villupuram is the leading district, followed by Cuddalore, Vellore and Thanjavur. It implies that the increase in
the area expansion was because of the subsidies provided by the government and private companies which worked intensively in the
area. On the other hand, Sivagangai, Thiruvallore, Krishnagiri, Pudukottai and Virudhunagar districts have lowest area under oil palm
in Tamil Nadu during 2015-16.
Key Words: Fisheries sector, Post-harvest Loss, Fish, Harbours, Economic Development,
Introduction
Fisheries sector plays a significant role in the Indian economy in terms of its contribution to growth and development. For growth, the sector contributes through its share in GDP and foreign exchange earnings gained through the export of fish and fishery products. For instance, in 2012-13, contribution of fisheries sector in India's GDP was 1.07 percent and its share in the GDP of the agriculture sector was 5.31. The fish production in India has reached 8.30 million tonnes per annum during 2013-14.
production of vegetable oil is 9.64 million tonnes. The domestic availability of edible oil is continues to remain inadequate to meet the demand for it. There is wide gap between demand and availability of edible oils. Therefore, the government is imported from other countries. Oil palm satisfies 30 percent of the world edible oil and fat requirements with little fewer than seven percent of the area planted to oil crops. The palm oil production is 0.785 lakh tonnes in India. The production level is very meagre level. In future, there is wide demand for consumption of common men in India. But the area under palm oil is 19.30 lakh ha from 19 states and 2.62 lakh ha was planted upto March 2014. In the fourth coming years of 2050, the country will be needed to expand the area under oil palm is to 14.04 million tonnes from 31.03 million of vegetable oils for solving 1620 million population. The share of palm sector in the vegetable oil requirement will be 45 percent in India. The domestic production of palm oil is inadequate to meet the palm oil demand in India. The import of that is increased from 41 percent in 2001-02 to 61 percent in 2012-13. During 2012-13, the palm oil was imported of 10.40 MMT. The palm oil is consumed all most all the people in India in recent years due to price rise of other oil. During 2012-13, we are use of vegetable oil of 8.67 MMT. Out of that, palm oil accounted for 50 percent of the total edible oil consumption. To meet the increasing per capita consumption of palm oils along
with the population growth, there was an urgent need to increase the production and
productivity of palm oils in India. To tackle this problem, the Government of India has been initiated expand the large scale cultivation in the country. The Palm Oil Area Expansion scheme was started for the expansion of that oil.
level in Kerala in recent years. During past two decades, committing suicide of
farmers and agricultural labours have increased. The main objectives are to
study the causes leading to farmers’ suicides including production and market
risks, sociological, psychological and other family related factors responsible for
farmer suicides in Kerala. Various factors are involved in the farmer’s suicides
such as monsoon failure, high debt burdens, genetically modified crops,
government policies, public mental health, personal issues, pressure from credit
agency for repayment of loan, poor marketing system, inherited poverty of farm
families, weak psychology, crop failure, lack of government protection of farmers
and family problems. The policy makers and scholars are noted different
connotations and conflicting reasons for farmer suicides.
Primary data has been collected from five districts namely Idukki, Kannur,
Palakkad and Wayanad of Kerala. The chosen of four districts for the present
study are highest victim households in recent years. Totally ten representative
blocks are taken for collection of primary data. In each block, the victim
households has been chosen based on incidence happen and stratified according
to four land size groups such as marginal (less than 1 hectare), small (1 to 2
hectares), medium (2 to 4 hectares) and large (more than 4 hectares). In five four,
Wayanad district recorded highest suicides of 15 cases, followed by Palakad (10
cases), Idukki (1 case) and Kannur (1 case) has been collected primary survey.
administrative level in Tamil Nadu in recent years. During past two
decades, committing suicide of farmers and agricultural labours have
increased. The main objectives are to study the causes leading to farmers’
suicides including production and market risks, sociological, psychological
and other family related factors responsible for farmer suicides in Tamil
Nadu. Various factors are involved in the farmer’s suicides such as
monsoon failure, high debt burdens, genetically modified crops,
government policies, public mental health, personal issues, pressure from
credit agency for repayment of loan, poor marketing system, inherited
poverty of farm families, weak psychology, crop failure, lack of government
protection of farmers and family problems. The policy makers and
scholars are noted different connotations and conflicting reasons for
farmer suicides.The farmer’s suicide rate in farm distressed districts such
as like Nagapattinam, Thanjavur, Thiruvarur, Pudukottai and Tirunelveli
relatively high among the state. The agrarian distress, farmer suicides
have been relatively more recent years. farmers in the wake of imminent
crop failure and fear of inability to repay crop loans and their fields on
seeing their crops withering away due to lack of sufficient water,
particularly in the Cauvery command area dependent on canal irrigation
and non-availability of adequate storage in Mettur dam at the head of the
system in the wake of Karnataka's obduracy.
development of our country. The vibrancy of the sector can be visualized by more
than 13 fold increase that India achieved in fish production in just six decades, i.e.
from 0.75 million tonnes in 1950-51 to 10.07 million tonnes during 2014-15. This
resulted in an unparalleled average annual growth rate of over 5 percent over the years
which have placed the country on the forefront of global fish production, only after
China. Besides meeting the domestic needs, the dependence of over 14.5 million
people on fisheries activities for their livelihood and foreign exchange earnings to the
tune of US$ 5.51 billion (2014–15) from fish and fisheries products, equaled about 18
percent of the export earnings from the agriculture sector, amply justifies the
importance of the sector on the country's economy and in livelihood security.
For development, the sector contributes by providing food and nutritional
security as well as employment opportunities to a considerable number of our
population. Over the last six decades, the fishery sector has transformed itself from a
purely traditional activity into a significant commercial enterprise. Thus, it is obvious
that increasing fish production will certainly help to promote growth and development
but fish, particularly marine resources, are fast depleting due to overexploitation of our
coastal areas. Given such resource constraint, preventing the loss of fisheries,
particularly during the various post-harvest stages gains more significance.
Thus, though the sector has transformed in terms of its nature and significance,
there are challenges yet to be addressed but reducing or if possible, eliminating
economic losses of fisheries due to inadequate postinfrastructure (PHI) facilities is one of the most important of them. Being a highly perishable commodity, fish requires
proper landing facilities, processing, storage, transport and distribution facilities
running through the entire supply chain from capture to consumer. Adequate
provisions of such infrastructure may result in the utilization of fish in a cost-effective
and efficient way and absence of such required infrastructure facilities result in
considerable wastage and losses. As there is limited scope for horizontal expansion to
cope with the public food demand, vertical intensification through integration of
different farm based enterprises and post-harvest loss reductions could help to meet
expected increase in production demand and quality.
developed and more particularly, developing countries like India, Sri Lanka and Pakistan. Public expenditure facilitates economic development by expanding economic infrastructure such as roads, power, food, shelter, health, education, employment opportunity, transport and other sectoral development. Further, it raises the standard of living of the people and promotes social, economic and human development.
The overall objective of the study is to examine the impact of public expenditure on
economic development of selected major States in India. The specific objectives are:
• To explain the association between public expenditure and economic development
in India; • To find out the composition of public expenditure in the major States of India;
• To analyze the relative significance of revenue and capital expenditures and their
impact on the growth of Gross State Domestic Product in the study area.;
The growing demand for agricultural commodities needs to be met with by increasing the production on one hand and mitigating the crop losses on the other. Government has implemented many schemes and programmes to support farmers and production and has started working at micro level to for efficient way of cultivation.
But the problem of food losses is a challenge that needs to be tackled effectively. The losses occur both during the pre and post harvest periods. They together are the critical determinant of food production, food security and farmers’ income. They also have deep impact on economic development and environment. The estimation of the extent of crop loss either physical or financial is rather difficult exercise but needs to be done to address them effectively by appropriate policy interventions. This study is one such attempt to estimate the physical and financial losses in paddy (rice) at farm level in Tamil Nadu and it was allotted to AERC, Chennai. Tiruvarur and Villupuram districts were selected for the study and it has also examined the ongoing measures of pest and disease management under different agro climatic conditions to identify factors responsible for such losses and suggest ways and means to reduce the extent of losses in different operations in order to increase overall productivity. The results of the study, we hope would be useful to policy makers for clear evaluation and better implementation of the schemes so as to achieve the desired objectives.
For development, the sector contributes by providing food and nutritional security as well as employment opportunities to a considerable number of our population. Over the last six decades, the fishery sector has transformed itself from a purely traditional activity into a significant commercial enterprise. Thus, it is obvious that increasing fish production will certainly help to promote growth and development but fish, particularly marine resources, are fast depleting due to overexploitation of our coastal areas. Given such resource constraint, preventing the loss of fisheries, particularly during the various post-harvest stages gains more significance.
Thus, though the sector has transformed in terms of its nature and significance, there are challenges yet to be addressed but reducing or if possible, eliminating economic losses of fisheries due to inadequate post infrastructure (PHI) facilities is one of the most important of them. Being a highly perishable commodity, fish requires proper landing facilities, processing, storage, transport and distribution facilities running through the entire supply chain from capture to consumer. Adequate provisions of such infrastructure may result in the utilization of fish in a cost-effective and efficient way and absence of such required infrastructure facilities result in considerable wastage and losses. As there is limited scope for horizontal expansion to cope with the public food demand, vertical intensification through integration of different farm based enterprises and post-harvest loss reductions could help to meet expected increase in production demand and quality.
In India, agricultural marketing is crowded with small traders who operate on a small scale in a limited market segment. There are many agents in-between the producers and the consumers such as wholesalers, retailers, labour contractors and brokers in each market system. Size of their business is very small. They seek large margins on small volume of business. Thus, the channels for marketing of agri-producer remain long and fragmented and lack economics of scale. Generally, an average of four to six transactions take place before the produce reaches the consumers, for each transaction involves cost and some margin for intermediaries.