Abstract
Bidirectional texture functions, or BTFs, accurately model reflectance variation at a fine (meso-) scale as a function of lighting and viewing direction. BTFs also capture view-dependent visibility variation, also called masking or parallax, but only within surface contours. Mesostructure detail is neglected at silhouettes, so BTF-mapped objects retain the coarse shape of the underlying model.
We augment BTF rendering to obtain approximate mesoscale silhouettes. Our new representation, the 4D mesostructure distance function (MDF), tabulates the displacement from a reference frame where a ray first intersects the mesoscale geometry beneath as a function of ray direction and ray position along that reference plane. Given an MDF, the mesostructure silhouette can be rendered with a per-pixel depth peeling process on graphics hardware, while shading and local parallax are handled by the BTF. Our approach allows real-time rendering, handles complex, non-height-field mesostructure, requires that no additional geometry be sent to the rasterizer other than the mesh triangles, is more compact than textured visibility representations used previously, and, for the first time, can be easily measured from physical samples. We also adapt the algorithm to capture detailed shadows cast both by and onto BTF-mapped surfaces. We demonstrate the efficiency of our algorithm on a variety of BTF data, including real data acquired using our BTF–MDF measurement system.
Similar content being viewed by others
Explore related subjects
Discover the latest articles, news and stories from top researchers in related subjects.References
Blinn, J.F.: Simulation of wrinkled surfaces. In: Computer Graphics (SIGGRAPH ’78 Proceedings), 12(3), 286–292 (1978)
Bouguet, J.Y., Perona, P.: 3d photography on your desk. In: IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV98), pp. 43–50 (1998)
Cook, R.L.: Shade trees. In: Computer Graphics (SIGGRAPH ’84 Proceedings), 18(3), 223–231 (1984)
Curless, B., Levoy, M.: Better optical triangulation through spacetime analysis. In: IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV95), pp. 987–994 (1995)
Dana, K.J.: Brdf/btf measurement device. In: Proceedings of the 8th IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV), 2, 460–466 (2001)
Dana, K.J., van Ginneken, B., Nayar, S.K., Koenderink, J.J.: Reflectance and texture of real-world surfaces. ACM Trans. Graph. 18(1), 1–34 (1999)
Diefenbach, P.J.: Pipeline rendering: interaction and realism through hardware-based multi-pass rendering. Ph.D. thesis, Computer and Information Science, University of Pennsylvania. Philadelphia, PA 19104 US (1996)
Furukawa, R., Kawasaki, H., Ikeuchi, K., Sakauchi, M.: Appearance based object modeling using texture database: acquisition, compression and rendering. In: Eurographics Workshop on Rendering, pp. 257–266 (2002)
Han, J.Y., Perlin, K.: Measuring bidirectional texture reflectance with a kaleidoscope. ACM Trans. Graph. 22(3), 741–748 (2003)
Heidrich, W., Daubert, K., Kautz, J., Seidel, H.P.: Illuminating micro geometry based on precomputed visibility. In: Computer Graphics (Proceedings of SIGGRAPH 2000), pp. 455–464 (2000)
Hirche, J., Ehlert, A., Guthe, S., Doggett, M.: Hardware accelerated per-pixel displacement mapping. In: GI ’04: Proceedings of the 2004 Conference on Graphics Interface, pp. 153–158. Canadian Human-Computer Communications Society, School of Computer Science, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada (2004)
Kaneko, T., Takahei, T., Inami, M., Kawakami, N., Yanagida, Y., Maeda, T., Tachi, S.: Detailed shape representation with parallax mapping. In: ICAT2001(11th International Conference on Artificial Reality and Tele-Existence), pp. 205–208 (2001)
Kautz, J., McCool, M.D.: Interactive rendering with arbitrary BRDFs using separable approximations. In: Lischinski, D., Larson, G.W. (eds.) Rendering Techniques ’99, Eurographics, pp. 247–260. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York (1999)
Koenderink, J.J., Doorn, A.J.V.: Illuminance texture due to surface mesostructure. J. Opt. Soc. Am. 13(3), 452–463 (1996)
Liu, X., Hu, Y., Zhang, J., Tong, X., Guo, B., Shum, H.Y.: Synthesis and rendering of bidirectional texture functions on arbitrary surfaces. IEEE Trans. Visual. Comput. Graph. 10(3), 278–289 (2004)
Liu, X., Yu, Y., Shum, H.Y.: Synthesizing bidirectional texture functions for real-world surfaces. In: Proceedings of SIGGRAPH, pp. 97–106 (2001)
Malzbender, T., Gelb, D., Wolters, H.: Polynomial texture maps. In: Proceedings of SIGGRAPH, pp. 519–528 (2001)
Mammen, A.: Transparency and antialiasing algorithms implemented with the virtual pixel maps technique. IEEE Comput. Graph. Appl. 9(4), 43–55 (1989)
Max, N.: Horizon mapping: shadows for bumped mapped surfaces. Visual Comput. 4(2), 109–117 (1988)
Mueller, G., Meseth, J., Klein, R.: Compression and real-time rendering of measured BTFs using local PCA. In: Proceedings of Vision, Modeling and Visualisation (2003)
Policarpo, F., Oliveira, M.M., Comba, J.L.D.: Real-time relief mapping on arbitrary polygonal surfaces. In: ACM SIGGRAPH 2005 Symposium on Interactive 3D Graphics and Games (I3D 2005) (2005)
Rushmeier, H., Balmelli, L., Bernardini, F.: Horizon map capture. In: Proceedings of Eurographics (2001)
Sattler, M., Sarlette, R., Klein, R.: Efficient and realistic visualization of cloth. In: Eurographics Symposium on Rendering, pp. 167–178 (2003)
Sloan, P.P., Cohen, M.F.: Interactive horizon mapping. In: Eurographics Workshop on Rendering, pp. 281–286 (2000)
Sloan, P.P., Liu, X., Shum, H.Y., Snyder, J.: Bi-scale radiance transfer. ACM Trans. Graph. 22(3), 370–375 (2003)
Suykens, F., vom Berge, K., Lagae, A., Dutré, P.: Interactive rendering with bidirectional texture functions. In: Proceedings of Eurographics (2003)
Tong, X., Zhang, J., Liu, L., Wang, X., Guo, B., Shum, H.Y.: Synthesis of bidirectional texture functions on arbitrary surfaces. ACM Trans. Graph. 21(3), 665–672 (2002)
Vasilescu, M.A.O., Terzopoulos, D.: TensorTextures: multilinear image-based rendering. ACM Trans. Graph. 23(3), 336–342 (2004)
Wang, L., Wang, X., Tong, X., Lin, S., Hu, S., Guo, B., Shum, H.Y.: View-dependent displacement mapping. ACM Trans. Graph. 22(3), 334–339 (2003)
Wang, X., Tong, X., Lin, S., Hu, S., Guo, B., Shum, H.Y.: Generalized displacement maps. In: Eurographics Symposium on Rendering (2004)
Yamauchi, Y., Sekine, M., Yanagawa, S.: Bidirectional texture mapping for realistic cloth rendering. In: SIGGRAPH 2003 Sketches and Applications (2003)
Zhang, Z.: Flexible camera calibration by viewing a plane from unknown orientations. In: IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV99), pp. 666–673 (1999)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Wang, J., Tong, X., Snyder, J. et al. Capturing and rendering geometry details for BTF-mapped surfaces. Visual Comput 21, 559–568 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00371-005-0318-y
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00371-005-0318-y