Article

Visibility: a new metric for protocol design

Authors:

Kannan Srinivasan,

Philip LevisAuthors Info & Claims

SenSys '07: Proceedings of the 5th international conference on Embedded networked sensor systems

Pages 73 - 86

https://doi.org/10.1145/1322263.1322271

Published: 06 November 2007 Publication History

Abstract

This paper proposes a new sensornet protocol design goal: visibility. Visibility into behaviors at the network level will simplify debugging and ease the development process. We argue that increasing visibility is the responsibility of the network protocols themselves, and not solely the responsibility of existing debugging tools. We describe a quantitative visibility metric to evaluate and compare protocols, where visibility is defined as the energy cost of diagnosing the cause of a behavior in a protocol. The design and evaluation of Pull Collection Protocol, a novel multi-hop collection protocol, is an example of how to design for visibility without sacrificing throughput or node-level fairness. We also describe our optimizations for an existing protocol, Deluge, to increase its visibility and efficiency.

References

[1]

A. Arora, P. Dutta, S. Bapat, V. Kulathumani, H. Zhang, V. Naik, V. Mittal, H. Cao, M. Demirbas, M. Gouda, Y. Choi, T. Herman, S. Kulkarni, U. Arumugam, M. Nesterenko, A. Vora, and M. Miyashita. A line in the sand: A wireless sensor network for target detection. Computer Networks (Elsevier), 46, 2004.

Digital Library

[2]

R. Beckwith, D. Teibel, and P. Bowen. Unwired wine: Sensor networks in vineyards. In Proceedings of IEEE Sensors, 2004.

[3]

P. Buonadonna, D. Gay, J. Hellerstein, W. Hong, and S. Madden. Task: Sensor network in a box. In Proceedings of the Second European Workshop on Wireless Sensor Networks (EWSN), 2005.

[4]

B. M. Cantrill, M. W. Shapiro, and A. H. Leventhal. Dynamic instrumentation of production systems. In Proceedings of the 6th Symposium on Operating Systems Design and Implementation, 2004.

Digital Library

[5]

J. Considine, F. Li, G. Kollios, and J. Byers. Approximate aggregation techniques for sensor databases. In Proceedings of the 20th International Conference on Data Engineering, 2004.

Digital Library

[6]

L. Girod, T. Stathopoulos, N. Ramanathan, J. Elson, D. Estrin, E. Osterweil, and T. Schoellhammer. A system for simulation, emulation, and deployment of heterogeneous sensor networks. In Proceedings of the Second ACM Conference On Embedded Networked Sensor Systems (SenSys), 2004.

Digital Library

[7]

T. He, S. Krishnamurthy, L. Luo, T. Yan, L. Gu, R. Stoleru, G. Zhou, Q. Cao, P. Vicaire, J. A. Stankovic, T. F. Abdelzaher, J. Hui, and B. Krogh. Vigilnet: An integrated sensor network system for energy-efficient surveillance. ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN), 2006.

Digital Library

[8]

J. Hill, R. Szewczyk, A. Woo, S. Hollar, D. E. Culler, and K. S. J. Pister. System Architecture Directions for Networked Sensors. In Architectural Support for Programming Languages and Operating Systems, pages 93--104, 2000. TinyOS is available at http://webs.cs.berkeley.edu.

Digital Library

[9]

J. W. Hui and D. Culler. The dynamic behavior of a data dissemination protocol for network programming at scale. In Proceedings of the Second International Conferences on Embedded Network Sensor Systems (SenSys), 2004.

Digital Library

[10]

R. Jain, D. Chiu, and W. Hawe. A quantitative measure of fairness and discrimination for resource allocation in shared computer systems. Technical Report TR-301, DEC Research, September 1984.

[11]

P. Kimelman. personal communication, 2006.

[12]

L. Krishnamurthy, R. Adler, P. Buonadonna, J. Chhabra, M. Flanigan, N. Kushalnagar, L. Nachman, and M. Tarvis. Design and deployment of industrial sensor networks: Experiences from a semiconductor plant and the north sea. In Proceedings of the Third ACM Conference On Embedded Networked Sensor Systems (SenSys), 2005.

Digital Library

[13]

K. Langendoen, A. Baggio, and O. Visser. Murphy loves potatoes: Experiences from a pilot sensor network deployment in precision agriculture. In the Fourteenth Int. Workshop on Parallel and Distributed Real-Time Systems (WPDRTS), 2006.

Digital Library

[14]

P. Levis, N. Patel, D. Culler, and S. Shenker. Trickle: A self-regulating algorithm for code maintenance and propagation in wireless sensor networks. In First USENIX/ACM Symposium on Network Systems Design and Implementation (NSDI), 2004.

Digital Library

[15]

S. Nath, P. B. Gibbons, S. Seshan, and Z. R. Anderson. Synopsis diffusion for robust aggregation in sensor networks. In Proceedings of the Second ACM Conference On Embedded Networked Sensor Systems (SenSys), 2004.

Digital Library

[16]

J. R. Quinlan. C4.5: Programs for Machine Learning. Morgan Kaufmann Publishers Inc., San Francisco, CA, USA, 1993.

Digital Library

[17]

N. Ramanathan, K. Chang, R. Kapur, L. Girod, E. Kohler, and D. Estrin. Sympathy for the sensor network debugger. In Proceedings of the Third ACM Conference On Embedded Networked Sensor Systems (SenSys), 2005.

Digital Library

[18]

S. Rangwala, R. Gummadi, R. Govindan, and K. Psounis. Interference-aware fair rate control in wireless sensor networks. In Proceedings of the ACM SIGCOMM, 2006.

Digital Library

[19]

T. Schmid, H. Dubois-Ferriere, and M. Vetterli. Sensorscope: Experiences with a wireless building monitoring sensor network. In Proceedings of the Workshop on Real-World Wireless Sensor Networks (REALWSN), 2005.

[20]

R. Szewczyk, J. Polastre, A. Mainwaring, and D. Culler. An analysis of a large scale habitat monitoring application. In Proceedings of the Second ACM Conference on Embedded Networked Sensor Systems (SenSys 2004), 2004.

Digital Library

[21]

G. Tolle and D. Culler. Design of an application-cooperative management system for wireless sensor networks, 2005.

[22]

V. Turau, C. Renner, M. Venzke, S. Waschik, C. Weyer, and M. Witt. The heathland experiment: Results and experiences. In Proceedings of the Workshop on Real-World Wireless Sensor Networks (REALWSN), 2005.

[23]

T. van Dam and K. Langendoen. An adaptive energy-efficient mac protocol for wireless sensor networks. In Proceedings of the First ACM Conference on Embedded Networked Sensor Systems, Los Angeles, CA, Nov. 2003.

Digital Library

[24]

G. Werner-Allen, K. Lorincz, J. Johnson, J. Leess, and M. Welsh. Monitoring volcanic eruptions with a wireless sensor network. In Proceedings of the Second European Workshop on Wireless Sensor Networks (EWSN), 2005.

[25]

G. Werner-Allen, P. Swieskowski, and M. Welsh. Motelab: A wireless sensor network testbed. In Proceedigns of the 4th International Symposium on Information Processing in Sensor Networks, 2005.

Digital Library

[26]

K. Whitehouse, G. Tolle, J. Taneja, C. Sharp, S. Kim, J. Jeong, J. Hui, P. Dutta, and D. Culler. Marionette: Using rpc for interactive development and debugging of wireless embedded networks. In Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Information Processing in Sensor Networks: Special Track on Sensor Platform, Tools, and Design Methods for Network Embedded Systems (IPSN/SPOTS), 2006.

Digital Library

[27]

A. Woo and T. Tong. Tinyos mintroute collection protocol. tinyos-1.x/lib/MintRoute.

Cited By

Clark MNewman MDutta P(2022)Introspecting network behavior with mixed realityProceedings of the 28th Annual International Conference on Mobile Computing And Networking10.1145/3495243.3558251(826-828)Online publication date: 14-Oct-2022
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3495243.3558251
Suzuki MLiao COhara SJinno KMorikawa HGunningberg PVoigt TMottola LLu C(2017)Wireless-Transparent SensingProceedings of the 2017 International Conference on Embedded Wireless Systems and Networks10.5555/3108009.3108019(66-77)Online publication date: 20-Feb-2017
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.5555/3108009.3108019
Lin SZhou GAl-Hami MWhitehouse KWu YStankovic JHe TWu XLiu H(2015)Toward Stable Network Performance in Wireless Sensor Networks: A Multilevel PerspectiveACM Transactions on Sensor Networks10.1145/270027211:3(1-26)Online publication date: 17-Feb-2015
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/2700272
Show More Cited By

Index Terms

Visibility: a new metric for protocol design

Recommendations

Visibility polygons and visibility graphs among dynamic polygonal obstacles in the plane
Abstract
We devise an algorithm for maintaining the visibility polygon of any query point in a dynamic polygonal domain, i.e., as the polygonal domain is modified with vertex insertions and deletions to its obstacles, we update the data structures that ... $_{^{}} {^{}}^{}$ ${^{}}^{}_{^{}}$ $_{^{}}$ $^{}$ $^{}$ $^{}$ $^{}$ $_{^{}}$ $^{}$ $_{^{}}$ $_{^{}}$ $_{^{}}$ ${^{}}^{}$ ${^{}}^{}$ $^{}$ $^{}$ $^{}$ $^{}$ $^{}$
Characterizing and recognizing LR-visibility polygons

A simple polygon P is LR-visible if there are two points s, t on the boundary of P such that every point on the clockwise boundary of P from s to t is visible from some point of the other boundary of P from t to s and vice versa. We show that P is not ...
Maintaining the Visibility Graph of a Dynamic Simple Polygon
Algorithms and Discrete Applied Mathematics
Abstract
We devise a fully-dynamic algorithm for maintaining the visibility graph of a given simple polygon P amid vertex insertions and deletions to the simple polygon. Our algorithm takes worst-case time to update the visibility graph when a vertex is ...

Comments

Information & Contributors

Information

Published In

cover image ACM Conferences

SenSys '07: Proceedings of the 5th international conference on Embedded networked sensor systems

November 2007

455 pages

ISBN:9781595937636

DOI:10.1145/1322263

General Chair:
Sanjay Jha
University of New South Wales, Australia

Copyright © 2007 ACM.

Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. Copyrights for components of this work owned by others than ACM must be honored. Abstracting with credit is permitted. To copy otherwise, or republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, requires prior specific permission and/or a fee. Request permissions from [email protected]

Sponsors

Publisher

Association for Computing Machinery

New York, NY, United States

Publication History

Published: 06 November 2007

Permissions

Request permissions for this article.

Request Permissions

Check for updates

Author Tags

Qualifiers

Article

Conference

SenSys07

Sponsor:

SenSys07: The 5th ACM Conference on Embedded Network Sensor Systems

November 6 - 9, 2007

Sydney, Australia

Acceptance Rates

SenSys '07 Paper Acceptance Rate 25 of 149 submissions, 17%;

Overall Acceptance Rate 198 of 990 submissions, 20%

Contributors

Other Metrics

View Article Metrics

Bibliometrics & Citations

Bibliometrics

Article Metrics

47
Total Citations
View Citations
557
Total Downloads

Downloads (Last 12 months)5
Downloads (Last 6 weeks)1

Reflects downloads up to 27 Jan 2025

Other Metrics

View Author Metrics

Citations

Cited By

Clark MNewman MDutta P(2022)Introspecting network behavior with mixed realityProceedings of the 28th Annual International Conference on Mobile Computing And Networking10.1145/3495243.3558251(826-828)Online publication date: 14-Oct-2022
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3495243.3558251
Suzuki MLiao COhara SJinno KMorikawa HGunningberg PVoigt TMottola LLu C(2017)Wireless-Transparent SensingProceedings of the 2017 International Conference on Embedded Wireless Systems and Networks10.5555/3108009.3108019(66-77)Online publication date: 20-Feb-2017
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.5555/3108009.3108019
Lin SZhou GAl-Hami MWhitehouse KWu YStankovic JHe TWu XLiu H(2015)Toward Stable Network Performance in Wireless Sensor Networks: A Multilevel PerspectiveACM Transactions on Sensor Networks10.1145/270027211:3(1-26)Online publication date: 17-Feb-2015
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/2700272
Kamal ABleakley CDobson S(2014)Failure detection in wireless sensor networksACM Transactions on Sensor Networks10.1145/253052610:2(1-29)Online publication date: 31-Jan-2014
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/2530526
Liu KMa QGong WMiao XLiu Y(2014)Self-Diagnosis for Detecting System Failures in Large-Scale Wireless Sensor NetworksIEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications10.1109/TWC.2014.233665313:10(5535-5545)Online publication date: Oct-2014
https://doi.org/10.1109/TWC.2014.2336653
Löscher ATsiftes NVoigt THandziski V(2014)Efficient and Flexible Sensornet CheckpointingProceedings of the 11th European Conference on Wireless Sensor Networks - Volume 835410.1007/978-3-319-04651-8_4(50-65)Online publication date: 17-Feb-2014
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1007/978-3-319-04651-8_4
Xiao XHu DGuo DLiu K(2014)IFInternational Journal of Communication Systems10.1002/dac.270327:4(592-605)Online publication date: 1-Apr-2014
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1002/dac.2703
Puccinelli DGiordano S(2013)Connectivity and energy usage in low-power wireless: An experimental study2013 IEEE International Conference on Pervasive Computing and Communications Workshops (PERCOM Workshops)10.1109/PerComW.2013.6529564(590-595)Online publication date: Mar-2013
https://doi.org/10.1109/PerComW.2013.6529564
Lin JZhang CPeng QWan C(2013)MORIF: A MAC protocol for full-duplex transmissions in wireless star networks2013 International Conference on Anti-Counterfeiting, Security and Identification (ASID)10.1109/ICASID.2013.6825280(1-4)Online publication date: Oct-2013
https://doi.org/10.1109/ICASID.2013.6825280
Levis PVahdat AThekkath C(2012)Experiences from a decade of TinyOS developmentProceedings of the 10th USENIX conference on Operating Systems Design and Implementation10.5555/2387880.2387901(207-220)Online publication date: 8-Oct-2012
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.5555/2387880.2387901
Show More Cited By

View Options

Login options

Check if you have access through your login credentials or your institution to get full access on this article.

Full Access

Get this Publication

View options

PDF

View or Download as a PDF file.

eReader

View online with eReader.

Figures

Tables

Media

View Table of Conten