Location via proxy:   [ UP ]  
[Report a bug]   [Manage cookies]                
skip to main content
10.1145/2839509.2844604acmconferencesArticle/Chapter ViewAbstractPublication PagessigcseConference Proceedingsconference-collections
research-article

Measuring Effects of Modality on Perceived Test Anxiety for Computer Programming Exams

Published: 17 February 2016 Publication History

Abstract

The modality students use to complete programming-centric exams is shifting from paper to computer. We developed and distributed a survey to investigate how exam modality affects student perceptions of test anxiety and performance during programming-centric exams. We examine the distribution of modality preference among students and understand how students cope with test anxiety. We found a majority of students report at least moderate perceived anxiety (rating -- 4 on 7-pt scale) on paper- (69%) and computer-based (64%) exams. Though moderate anxiety was experienced by a majority of the students, we found 1 in 5 students had no strategy to cope with anxiety. Additionally, we examine how students perceived anxiety during testing affects their thought process and behavior. We found computer-based exams were perceived as more beneficial to the quality and speed of student's solutions and a majority of students preferred computer-based testing (67%). Lastly, we introduce possible technological solutions to benefit students experiencing test anxiety while not impeding less anxious students.

References

[1]
Asghari, A., Kadir, R., Elias, H., and Baba, M. Test anxiety and its related concepts: A brief review. GESJ: Education Science and Psychology 22 (2012), 3--8.
[2]
Barros, J. a. P., Estevens, L., Dias, R., Pais, R., and Soeiro, E. Using lab exams to ensure programming practice in an introductory programming course. SIGCSE Bull. 35, 3 (2003), 16--20.
[3]
Benson, J., and El-Zahhar, N. Further refinement and validation of the revised test anxiety scale. Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal 1, 3 (1994), 203--221.
[4]
Blankstein, K. R., Flett, G. L., and Watson, M. S. Coping and academic problem-solving ability in test anxiety. Journal of Clinical Psychology (1992), 37--46.
[5]
Bradley, R. T., McCraty, R., Atkinson, M., Tomasino, D., Daugherty, A., and Arguelles, L. Emotion self-regulation, psychophysiological coherence, and test anxiety: results from an experiment using electrophysiological measures. Applied psychophysiology and biofeedback 35, 4 (2010), 261--283.
[6]
Califf, M. E., and Goodwin, M. Testing skills and knowledge: Introducing a laboratory exam in cs1. Proceedings of the 33rd SIGCSE Technical Symposium on Computer Science Education (2002), 217--221.
[7]
Cassady, J. C., and Johnson, R. E. Cognitive test anxiety and academic performance. Contemporary Educational Psychology 27, 2 (2002), 270--295.
[8]
Chamillard, A. T., and et al. Using lab practica to evaluate programming ability. Proceedings of the Thirty-second SIGCSE Technical Symposium on Computer Science Education (2001), 159--163.
[9]
Delir Haghighi, P., and Sheard, J. Summative computer programming assessment using both paper and computer. In Proceedings of the 2005 Conference on Towards Sustainable and Scalable Educational Innovations Informed by the Learning Sciences: Sharing Good Practices of Research, Experimentation and Innovation, IOS Press (2005), 67--75.
[10]
Epstein, M. L., Lazarus, A. D., Calvano, T. B., Matthews, K. A., Hendel, R. A., Epstein, B. B., and Brosvic, G. M. Immediate feedback assessment technique promotes learning and corrects inaccurate first responses. The Psychological Record 52 (2002), 187--201.
[11]
Folkman, S., and Lazarus, R. S. If it changes it must be a process: study of emotion and coping during three stages of a college examination. Journal of personality and social psychology 48, 1 (1985), 150--170.
[12]
Hembree, R. Correlates, causes, effects, and treatment of test anxiety. Review of Educational Research 58, 1 (1988), 47--77.
[13]
Kavakci, O., Semiz, M., Kartal, A., Dikici, A., and Kugu, N. Test anxiety prevalance and related variables in the students who are going to take the university entrance examination. The Journal of Psychiatry and Neurological Sciences 27 (2014), 301--307.
[14]
Kika, F. M., McLaughlin, T., and Dixon, J. Effects of frequent testing of secondary algebra students. The Journal of Educational Research 85, 3 (1992), 159--162.
[15]
Kim, B., Kim, T., and Kim, J. Paper-and-pencil programming strategy toward computational thinking for non-majors: Design your solution. Journal of Educational Computing Research 49, 4 (2013), 437--459.
[16]
Liebert, R. M., and Morris, L. W. Cognitive and emotional components of test anxiety: A distinction and some initial data. Psychological reports 20, 3 (1967), 975--978.
[17]
McDonald, A. S. The prevalence and effects of test anxiety in school children. Educational Psychology 21, 1 (2001), 89--101.
[18]
Noyes, J. M., and Garland, K. J. Computer-vs. paper-based tasks: are they equivalent? Ergonomics 51, 9 (2008), 1352--1375.
[19]
Parker, J. D., and Endler, N. S. An assessment of appraisal, anxiety, coping, and procrastination during an examination period. European Journal of Personality 3 (1989), 195--208.
[20]
Powers, D. E. Test anxiety and test performance: Comparing paper-based and computer-adaptive versions of the gre general test. ETS Research Report Series 1999, 2 (1999), 1--32.
[21]
Putwain, D., and Daly, A. L. Test anxiety prevalence and gender differences in a sample of english secondary school students. Educational Studies 40, 5 (2014), 554--570.
[22]
Putwain, D. W., Connors, L., and Symes, W. Do cognitive distortions mediate the test anxiety--examination performance relationship? Educational Psychology 30, 1 (2010), 11--26.
[23]
Sarason, I. G. Stress, anxiety, and cognitive interference: reactions to tests. Journal of personality and social psychology 46, 4 (1984), 929--938.
[24]
Skaalvik, E. M., and Valås, H. Relations among achievement, self-concept, and motivation in mathematics and language arts: A longitudinal study. The Journal of Experimental Education 67, 2 (1999), 135--149.
[25]
Zilles, C., Deloatch, R., Bailey, J., Khattar, B., Fagen, W., Heeren, C., Mussulman, D., and West, M. Computerized testing: A vision and initial experiences. 122nd ASEE (2015).

Cited By

View all
  • (2024)Measuring Undergraduates’ Motivation Levels When Learning to Program in Virtual WorldsComputers10.3390/computers1308018813:8(188)Online publication date: 31-Jul-2024
  • (2024)Test Anxiety and Self-Efficacy in a Computer-Based Test EnvironmentProceedings of the 26th Western Canadian Conference on Computing Education10.1145/3660650.3660651(1-7)Online publication date: 2-May-2024
  • (2022)Predicting Student Success in CS2Proceedings of the 53rd ACM Technical Symposium on Computer Science Education - Volume 110.1145/3478431.3499276(140-146)Online publication date: 22-Feb-2022
  • Show More Cited By

Index Terms

  1. Measuring Effects of Modality on Perceived Test Anxiety for Computer Programming Exams

    Recommendations

    Comments

    Information & Contributors

    Information

    Published In

    cover image ACM Conferences
    SIGCSE '16: Proceedings of the 47th ACM Technical Symposium on Computing Science Education
    February 2016
    768 pages
    ISBN:9781450336857
    DOI:10.1145/2839509
    Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. Copyrights for components of this work owned by others than ACM must be honored. Abstracting with credit is permitted. To copy otherwise, or republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, requires prior specific permission and/or a fee. Request permissions from [email protected]

    Sponsors

    Publisher

    Association for Computing Machinery

    New York, NY, United States

    Publication History

    Published: 17 February 2016

    Permissions

    Request permissions for this article.

    Check for updates

    Author Tags

    1. computer-based testing
    2. programming-centric exam
    3. test anxiety

    Qualifiers

    • Research-article

    Funding Sources

    • Univesity of Illinois College of Engineering Strategy Instructional Innovation Program

    Conference

    SIGCSE '16
    Sponsor:

    Acceptance Rates

    SIGCSE '16 Paper Acceptance Rate 105 of 297 submissions, 35%;
    Overall Acceptance Rate 1,595 of 4,542 submissions, 35%

    Upcoming Conference

    SIGCSE TS 2025
    The 56th ACM Technical Symposium on Computer Science Education
    February 26 - March 1, 2025
    Pittsburgh , PA , USA

    Contributors

    Other Metrics

    Bibliometrics & Citations

    Bibliometrics

    Article Metrics

    • Downloads (Last 12 months)24
    • Downloads (Last 6 weeks)6
    Reflects downloads up to 25 Dec 2024

    Other Metrics

    Citations

    Cited By

    View all
    • (2024)Measuring Undergraduates’ Motivation Levels When Learning to Program in Virtual WorldsComputers10.3390/computers1308018813:8(188)Online publication date: 31-Jul-2024
    • (2024)Test Anxiety and Self-Efficacy in a Computer-Based Test EnvironmentProceedings of the 26th Western Canadian Conference on Computing Education10.1145/3660650.3660651(1-7)Online publication date: 2-May-2024
    • (2022)Predicting Student Success in CS2Proceedings of the 53rd ACM Technical Symposium on Computer Science Education - Volume 110.1145/3478431.3499276(140-146)Online publication date: 22-Feb-2022
    • (2022)Post-Exam Videos for Assessment in Computing CoursesProceedings of the 53rd ACM Technical Symposium on Computer Science Education - Volume 110.1145/3478431.3499273(230-236)Online publication date: 22-Feb-2022
    • (2021)Functional Measurement Applied to Engineering Students’ Test Anxiety Judgment for Online and Face-to-face TestsEuropean Journal of Educational Research10.12973/eu-jer.10.3.1599volume-10-2021:volume-10-issue-3-july-2021(1599-1612)Online publication date: 15-Jul-2021
    • (2021)Information Integration Cognitive Mechanisms Underlying the Face-to-Face or Online Statistics Test Anxiety Judgments of Engineering StudentsEuropean Journal of Educational Research10.12973/eu-jer.10.1.2310:1(23-37)Online publication date: 15-Jan-2021
    • (2021)Prüfungsängstlichkeit im KulturvergleichHandbuch Stress und Kultur10.1007/978-3-658-27789-5_19(351-373)Online publication date: 11-Nov-2021
    • (2020)Prüfungsängstlichkeit im KulturvergleichHandbuch Stress und Kultur10.1007/978-3-658-27825-0_19-1(1-23)Online publication date: 12-Feb-2020
    • (2018)BlueBookProceedings of the 49th ACM Technical Symposium on Computer Science Education10.1145/3159450.3159587(562-567)Online publication date: 21-Feb-2018
    • (2017)I Need Your Encouragement!Proceedings of the 2017 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems10.1145/3025453.3025709(736-747)Online publication date: 2-May-2017
    • Show More Cited By

    View Options

    Login options

    View options

    PDF

    View or Download as a PDF file.

    PDF

    eReader

    View online with eReader.

    eReader

    Media

    Figures

    Other

    Tables

    Share

    Share

    Share this Publication link

    Share on social media