IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 2020
Municipal solid waste has become a major environmental issue in Indonesia, due to the increase of... more Municipal solid waste has become a major environmental issue in Indonesia, due to the increase of population and quantity of waste, leachate production, lack of management and lack of public awareness. Landfill leachate generation and its treatment have been one of the main focus in the landfill management. Normally, leachate is formed through the seepage of water by external sources such as drainage, rain water and so on through the garbage in the landfill. Leachate contains suspended and dissolved solid pollutants, chemicals both organic and inorganic of high concentrations such as ammonia, nitrates, nitrites, sulfides, heavy metals, nitrogen and others. With such high concentration of pollutants, leachate is highly potential to pollute the groundwater and the environment. This paper presents an overview of landfill leachate management in Indonesia, discussing the characteristics of the leachate from different landfills throughout the country on the basis of the reported literatur...
Patchouli extracts and oils extracted from Pogostemon cablin are essential raw material for the p... more Patchouli extracts and oils extracted from Pogostemon cablin are essential raw material for the perfume and cosmetics industries, in addition to being used as a natural additive for food flavoring. Steam distillation is a standard method used for plant extraction. However, this method causes thermal degradation of some essential components of the oil. In this study, patchouli was extracted with supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO2) under different conditions of pressure (10–30 MPa) and temperature (40–80 °C). The chemical components of the crude extracted oil and the functional group were characterized using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR). The extraction with supercritical carbon dioxide was shown to provide a higher yield (12.41%) at a pressure of 20 MPa and a temperature of 80 °C. Patchouli alcohol, Azulene, δ-Guaiene, and Seychellene are the main bioactive compounds that GC-MS results have identified. FTIR spectra ...
Water pollution by leachate has been widely reported in many regions in Indonesia. Landfill leach... more Water pollution by leachate has been widely reported in many regions in Indonesia. Landfill leachate contains high concentrations of organic and nitrogen, suitable for microalgae growth. Microalgae utilization for leachate treatment can be a promising alternative because it can simultaneously reduce pollutants and produce biomass. This study was conducted to identify microalgae that can grow well in leachate and examine mixed microalgae cultures' ability to reduce leachate pollutants. Microalgae obtained from a leachate treatment plant in Blang Bintang, Aceh Besar, were grown in a laboratory-scale photobioreactor. Microalgae identification was carried out morphologically using a microscope, while its performance in reducing pollutants was observed by COD, BOD, nitrate, and nitrite. The results showed that six microalgae species reduced leachate pollutants, namely Synedra acus, Spirulina sp., Euglena sp., Trichocerca sp., Paramecium sp., and Closteriopsis longissima, with Euglena...
A laboratory study was conducted to determine the feasibility of activated sludge reactor for tr... more A laboratory study was conducted to determine the feasibility of activated sludge reactor for treating humic acid waste waterand examine the effect of the presence of glucose as the second carbon source on treatment performance. Activated sludge obtained from a waste water treatment plant treating domestic wastewater was used as a seed for reactors. Synthetic wastewater containing humid acid as the sole carbon source and glucose as the second carbon source were used as feeds for the reactors operated in a fill-and-draw mode. The result showed tht the presence of glucose in the wastewater enhanced the production of higher MLSS (mixed liquor suspended solids) than that without of glucose. The TOC (Total Organic Carbon) concentration in both reactors fluctuated greatly until the end of the experiment due to inability of keeping the input TOC at desired level. However the decrease in TOC suggested that there are some microorganisms capable of degrading the humic acid. Addition of gluc...
This paper presents results obtained from the application of a computational fluid dynamics (CFD)... more This paper presents results obtained from the application of a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) code Fluent 6.3 to modeling of elevated pressure methane non-premixed sooting flames. The study focuses on comparing the two soot models available in the code for the prediction of the soot level in the flames. A standard k-ε model and Eddy Dissipation model are utilized for the representation of flow field and combustion of the flame being investigated. For performance comparison study, a single step soot model of Khan and Greeves and two-step soot model proposed by Tesner are tested. The results of calculations are compared with experimental data of methane sooting flame taken from literature. The results of the study show that a combination of the standard k-ε turbulence model and eddy dissipation model is capable of producing reasonable predictions of temperature both in axial and radial profiles; although further downstream of the flame over-predicted temperature is evidence. With ...
Palm oil bottom ash utilization from mill boilers as CO2 adsorbent has been in use for few years.... more Palm oil bottom ash utilization from mill boilers as CO2 adsorbent has been in use for few years. This study aims to examine adsorbent characteristics and capabilities of bottom ash produced from boiler combustion in palm oil industry for CO2 adsorption before and after utilization, such as compound functional group using the Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FT-IR) spectrophotometer, adsorbent morphology through Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and compound amount using Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy (EDX). The CO2 adsorption was carried out in fixed-bed column. Process variables consist of volumetric flow rate, contact time and bed height. Results showed that SiO2 compounds in the heterogeneous form with average particle size of 1073 nm, as supported by FT-IR spectrum finding indicating SiO2 signal at wavelength of 958–954 cm–1. Additionally, EDX analysis showed Silica and Oxygen content of 11.88% and 36.90%, resulting 70% CO2 adsorption capacity of 0.350 mg/g at discharge of ...
Pertumbuhan industri sawit yang tinggi dalam dua decade terakhir menempatkan Indonesia sebagai pr... more Pertumbuhan industri sawit yang tinggi dalam dua decade terakhir menempatkan Indonesia sebagai produsen minyak sawit terbesar dunia. Industri sawit selain menghasilkan minyak nabati, juga menghasilkan limbah padat antara lain serat dan cangkang. Sebagian dari limbah padat ini dimanfaatkan sebagai sumber bahan bakar di boiler untuk menghasilkan uap yang dimanfaatkan untuk pemrosesan dan menghasilkan energi listrik. Paper ini melaporkan hasil kajian simulasi pengaruh rasio serat dan cangkang pada berbagai kondisi udara berlebih terhadap emisi gas hasil pembakaran yang dihasilkan. Penelitian ini menjadi penting mengingat pabrik minyak kelapa sawit ditengarai sebagai salah satu penghasil gas rumah kaca (GRK) dan pemerintah melalui Peraturan Menteri Negara Lingkungan Hidup Nomor 12 tahun 2010 bertekad mengurangi emisi GRK. Perangkat lunak ASPEN Plus (Versi 8.8) digunakan untuk memvariasikan rasio serat : cangkang berkisar 100:0; 30:70; 70:30; 50:50 dan 0:100 dengan udara berlebih 90, %, ...
Proceedings of the Proceeding of the First International Graduate Conference (IGC) On Innovation, Creativity, Digital, & Technopreneurship for Sustainable Development in Conjunction with The 6th Roundtable for Indonesian Entrepreneurship Educators 2018 Universitas Syiah Kuala October, 3-5, 2018 Band, 2019
Wet fermentation by added proteolytic enzyme can be used for upgrade the taste of coffee. The enz... more Wet fermentation by added proteolytic enzyme can be used for upgrade the taste of coffee. The enzyme was obtained from plant because of ease to get and fulfill the term of Indonesia’s constitution about halal product assurance. This study used two types of proteolytic enzyme; bromelain and zingibain that originated from pineapple and ginger, respectively. Coffee beans were fermented with weight ratio 1:4 and 3:4 (enzyme’s source: coffee beans), and compared with a non-adding control and commercial coffee. Samples were collected after 1, 2 and 3 days. Roasted beans were physical and chemical evaluated according to Indonesia National Standard (SNI-01-3542-2004). Also, the sensorial evaluation of the roasted coffee beans was determined by organoleptic test. Physical and chemical evaluation consist of water content, ash content, coffee extract, ash alkalinity and caffeine content. Sensorial evaluation includes color, aroma and flavor.
International Journal of Engineering, Science and Information Technology, 2021
Cyclone separator is equipment used to control emissions from gas flow in industrial processes. ... more Cyclone separator is equipment used to control emissions from gas flow in industrial processes. The principle of removing particulates from the gas flow in this tool is to use the centrifugal force. The centrifugal force generated from the rotating flow will make dust particles wasted into the cyclone wall where the dust will then fall into the hopper. Adsorption is a series of processes for the accumulation of a substance (adsorbate) on the surface of another substance (adsorbent). Adsorption can occur because of the energy on the surface and the attraction force on the surface. This study aims to obtain a good CO2 adsorption efficiency from modifying the cyclone separator using an adsorption column, analyzing the CO2 gas adsorption process produced from the biomass system at the utility unit boiler station at the Palm Oil Mill (PMO) using a modified cyclone. This simulation was carried out using the Autodesk Inventor Professional 2017 (Student Version) application for the d...
The combination of Near Infrared (NIR) Spectroscopy and multivariate analysis using Principle Com... more The combination of Near Infrared (NIR) Spectroscopy and multivariate analysis using Principle Component Analysis (PCA) was developed to detect the presence of borax in meatballs. The conventional analysis used to detect the presence of borax has been considered inefficient because it is only able to qualify for the presence of borax, but cannot determine the dose of borax used. This study aimed to identify the presence of borax in meatballs using NIR Spectroscopy in the 1000-2500 nm range and maximize PCA performance by combining MSC and SNV pre-treatment with Savitzky Golay second derivative. The results showed that the identification of borax can occur at a wavelength of 1800 - 2500 nm, which is indicated by vibrations at a wavelength of 1865 nm with the atomic structure of C-Cl and the combination of pre-treatment of the second derivative of Savitzky Golay also successful for grouping the data to be better.
IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 2020
In the year 2018, Indonesia produced 56 million tons of rice paddy. During the paddy milling proc... more In the year 2018, Indonesia produced 56 million tons of rice paddy. During the paddy milling process, 57-60% rice will be produced, 18-20% husk and 8-10% bran. On this basis, about 4.5 to 5.6 million tons of rice bran is produced every year and unfortunately such massive resource of rice bran is not yet optimally utilized. To this point, rice bran has been used as animal feed. Typically, rice bran contains 15-20 % lipids, 12-16 % protein, 7-11 % crude fibre, 34-52 % carbohydrate and 7-10 % ash. Since it is rich in lipids, rice bran is economically and commercially feasible to be converted into edible oil. With the embargo of Indonesia palm oil by European Union and more portion of palm oil is converted into biodiesel, rice bran oil would have opportunity to supply the country to meet the demand for edible oil. Rice bran oil offers a number of advantages compared to other edible oils in terms high antioxidant contents and high smoke point. This paper will discuss the potential produc...
This paper presents results obtained from the application of a computational fluid dynamics (CFD)... more This paper presents results obtained from the application of a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) code Fluent 6.3 to modelling of temperature in propane flames with air preheat. The study focuses on investigating the effect of air preheat temperature on the temperature of the flame. A standard k-ε turbulence model in combination with the Probability Density Function (PDF) model for Non Premix Combustion model and Eddy Dissipation Model (EDM) are utilized to represent the flow and temperature fields of the flame being investigated, respectively. The results of calculations are compared with experimental data of propane flame taken from literature. The results of the study showed that the combination of the standard k-ε turbulence model and PDF model is more capable of producing reasonable predictions of temperature, particularly in axial profile and rich fuel area of all two flames compared with those of EDM model. Both experimental works and numerical simulation showed that increasi...
IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 2020
Municipal solid waste has become a major environmental issue in Indonesia, due to the increase of... more Municipal solid waste has become a major environmental issue in Indonesia, due to the increase of population and quantity of waste, leachate production, lack of management and lack of public awareness. Landfill leachate generation and its treatment have been one of the main focus in the landfill management. Normally, leachate is formed through the seepage of water by external sources such as drainage, rain water and so on through the garbage in the landfill. Leachate contains suspended and dissolved solid pollutants, chemicals both organic and inorganic of high concentrations such as ammonia, nitrates, nitrites, sulfides, heavy metals, nitrogen and others. With such high concentration of pollutants, leachate is highly potential to pollute the groundwater and the environment. This paper presents an overview of landfill leachate management in Indonesia, discussing the characteristics of the leachate from different landfills throughout the country on the basis of the reported literatur...
Patchouli extracts and oils extracted from Pogostemon cablin are essential raw material for the p... more Patchouli extracts and oils extracted from Pogostemon cablin are essential raw material for the perfume and cosmetics industries, in addition to being used as a natural additive for food flavoring. Steam distillation is a standard method used for plant extraction. However, this method causes thermal degradation of some essential components of the oil. In this study, patchouli was extracted with supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO2) under different conditions of pressure (10–30 MPa) and temperature (40–80 °C). The chemical components of the crude extracted oil and the functional group were characterized using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR). The extraction with supercritical carbon dioxide was shown to provide a higher yield (12.41%) at a pressure of 20 MPa and a temperature of 80 °C. Patchouli alcohol, Azulene, δ-Guaiene, and Seychellene are the main bioactive compounds that GC-MS results have identified. FTIR spectra ...
Water pollution by leachate has been widely reported in many regions in Indonesia. Landfill leach... more Water pollution by leachate has been widely reported in many regions in Indonesia. Landfill leachate contains high concentrations of organic and nitrogen, suitable for microalgae growth. Microalgae utilization for leachate treatment can be a promising alternative because it can simultaneously reduce pollutants and produce biomass. This study was conducted to identify microalgae that can grow well in leachate and examine mixed microalgae cultures' ability to reduce leachate pollutants. Microalgae obtained from a leachate treatment plant in Blang Bintang, Aceh Besar, were grown in a laboratory-scale photobioreactor. Microalgae identification was carried out morphologically using a microscope, while its performance in reducing pollutants was observed by COD, BOD, nitrate, and nitrite. The results showed that six microalgae species reduced leachate pollutants, namely Synedra acus, Spirulina sp., Euglena sp., Trichocerca sp., Paramecium sp., and Closteriopsis longissima, with Euglena...
A laboratory study was conducted to determine the feasibility of activated sludge reactor for tr... more A laboratory study was conducted to determine the feasibility of activated sludge reactor for treating humic acid waste waterand examine the effect of the presence of glucose as the second carbon source on treatment performance. Activated sludge obtained from a waste water treatment plant treating domestic wastewater was used as a seed for reactors. Synthetic wastewater containing humid acid as the sole carbon source and glucose as the second carbon source were used as feeds for the reactors operated in a fill-and-draw mode. The result showed tht the presence of glucose in the wastewater enhanced the production of higher MLSS (mixed liquor suspended solids) than that without of glucose. The TOC (Total Organic Carbon) concentration in both reactors fluctuated greatly until the end of the experiment due to inability of keeping the input TOC at desired level. However the decrease in TOC suggested that there are some microorganisms capable of degrading the humic acid. Addition of gluc...
This paper presents results obtained from the application of a computational fluid dynamics (CFD)... more This paper presents results obtained from the application of a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) code Fluent 6.3 to modeling of elevated pressure methane non-premixed sooting flames. The study focuses on comparing the two soot models available in the code for the prediction of the soot level in the flames. A standard k-ε model and Eddy Dissipation model are utilized for the representation of flow field and combustion of the flame being investigated. For performance comparison study, a single step soot model of Khan and Greeves and two-step soot model proposed by Tesner are tested. The results of calculations are compared with experimental data of methane sooting flame taken from literature. The results of the study show that a combination of the standard k-ε turbulence model and eddy dissipation model is capable of producing reasonable predictions of temperature both in axial and radial profiles; although further downstream of the flame over-predicted temperature is evidence. With ...
Palm oil bottom ash utilization from mill boilers as CO2 adsorbent has been in use for few years.... more Palm oil bottom ash utilization from mill boilers as CO2 adsorbent has been in use for few years. This study aims to examine adsorbent characteristics and capabilities of bottom ash produced from boiler combustion in palm oil industry for CO2 adsorption before and after utilization, such as compound functional group using the Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FT-IR) spectrophotometer, adsorbent morphology through Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and compound amount using Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy (EDX). The CO2 adsorption was carried out in fixed-bed column. Process variables consist of volumetric flow rate, contact time and bed height. Results showed that SiO2 compounds in the heterogeneous form with average particle size of 1073 nm, as supported by FT-IR spectrum finding indicating SiO2 signal at wavelength of 958–954 cm–1. Additionally, EDX analysis showed Silica and Oxygen content of 11.88% and 36.90%, resulting 70% CO2 adsorption capacity of 0.350 mg/g at discharge of ...
Pertumbuhan industri sawit yang tinggi dalam dua decade terakhir menempatkan Indonesia sebagai pr... more Pertumbuhan industri sawit yang tinggi dalam dua decade terakhir menempatkan Indonesia sebagai produsen minyak sawit terbesar dunia. Industri sawit selain menghasilkan minyak nabati, juga menghasilkan limbah padat antara lain serat dan cangkang. Sebagian dari limbah padat ini dimanfaatkan sebagai sumber bahan bakar di boiler untuk menghasilkan uap yang dimanfaatkan untuk pemrosesan dan menghasilkan energi listrik. Paper ini melaporkan hasil kajian simulasi pengaruh rasio serat dan cangkang pada berbagai kondisi udara berlebih terhadap emisi gas hasil pembakaran yang dihasilkan. Penelitian ini menjadi penting mengingat pabrik minyak kelapa sawit ditengarai sebagai salah satu penghasil gas rumah kaca (GRK) dan pemerintah melalui Peraturan Menteri Negara Lingkungan Hidup Nomor 12 tahun 2010 bertekad mengurangi emisi GRK. Perangkat lunak ASPEN Plus (Versi 8.8) digunakan untuk memvariasikan rasio serat : cangkang berkisar 100:0; 30:70; 70:30; 50:50 dan 0:100 dengan udara berlebih 90, %, ...
Proceedings of the Proceeding of the First International Graduate Conference (IGC) On Innovation, Creativity, Digital, & Technopreneurship for Sustainable Development in Conjunction with The 6th Roundtable for Indonesian Entrepreneurship Educators 2018 Universitas Syiah Kuala October, 3-5, 2018 Band, 2019
Wet fermentation by added proteolytic enzyme can be used for upgrade the taste of coffee. The enz... more Wet fermentation by added proteolytic enzyme can be used for upgrade the taste of coffee. The enzyme was obtained from plant because of ease to get and fulfill the term of Indonesia’s constitution about halal product assurance. This study used two types of proteolytic enzyme; bromelain and zingibain that originated from pineapple and ginger, respectively. Coffee beans were fermented with weight ratio 1:4 and 3:4 (enzyme’s source: coffee beans), and compared with a non-adding control and commercial coffee. Samples were collected after 1, 2 and 3 days. Roasted beans were physical and chemical evaluated according to Indonesia National Standard (SNI-01-3542-2004). Also, the sensorial evaluation of the roasted coffee beans was determined by organoleptic test. Physical and chemical evaluation consist of water content, ash content, coffee extract, ash alkalinity and caffeine content. Sensorial evaluation includes color, aroma and flavor.
International Journal of Engineering, Science and Information Technology, 2021
Cyclone separator is equipment used to control emissions from gas flow in industrial processes. ... more Cyclone separator is equipment used to control emissions from gas flow in industrial processes. The principle of removing particulates from the gas flow in this tool is to use the centrifugal force. The centrifugal force generated from the rotating flow will make dust particles wasted into the cyclone wall where the dust will then fall into the hopper. Adsorption is a series of processes for the accumulation of a substance (adsorbate) on the surface of another substance (adsorbent). Adsorption can occur because of the energy on the surface and the attraction force on the surface. This study aims to obtain a good CO2 adsorption efficiency from modifying the cyclone separator using an adsorption column, analyzing the CO2 gas adsorption process produced from the biomass system at the utility unit boiler station at the Palm Oil Mill (PMO) using a modified cyclone. This simulation was carried out using the Autodesk Inventor Professional 2017 (Student Version) application for the d...
The combination of Near Infrared (NIR) Spectroscopy and multivariate analysis using Principle Com... more The combination of Near Infrared (NIR) Spectroscopy and multivariate analysis using Principle Component Analysis (PCA) was developed to detect the presence of borax in meatballs. The conventional analysis used to detect the presence of borax has been considered inefficient because it is only able to qualify for the presence of borax, but cannot determine the dose of borax used. This study aimed to identify the presence of borax in meatballs using NIR Spectroscopy in the 1000-2500 nm range and maximize PCA performance by combining MSC and SNV pre-treatment with Savitzky Golay second derivative. The results showed that the identification of borax can occur at a wavelength of 1800 - 2500 nm, which is indicated by vibrations at a wavelength of 1865 nm with the atomic structure of C-Cl and the combination of pre-treatment of the second derivative of Savitzky Golay also successful for grouping the data to be better.
IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 2020
In the year 2018, Indonesia produced 56 million tons of rice paddy. During the paddy milling proc... more In the year 2018, Indonesia produced 56 million tons of rice paddy. During the paddy milling process, 57-60% rice will be produced, 18-20% husk and 8-10% bran. On this basis, about 4.5 to 5.6 million tons of rice bran is produced every year and unfortunately such massive resource of rice bran is not yet optimally utilized. To this point, rice bran has been used as animal feed. Typically, rice bran contains 15-20 % lipids, 12-16 % protein, 7-11 % crude fibre, 34-52 % carbohydrate and 7-10 % ash. Since it is rich in lipids, rice bran is economically and commercially feasible to be converted into edible oil. With the embargo of Indonesia palm oil by European Union and more portion of palm oil is converted into biodiesel, rice bran oil would have opportunity to supply the country to meet the demand for edible oil. Rice bran oil offers a number of advantages compared to other edible oils in terms high antioxidant contents and high smoke point. This paper will discuss the potential produc...
This paper presents results obtained from the application of a computational fluid dynamics (CFD)... more This paper presents results obtained from the application of a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) code Fluent 6.3 to modelling of temperature in propane flames with air preheat. The study focuses on investigating the effect of air preheat temperature on the temperature of the flame. A standard k-ε turbulence model in combination with the Probability Density Function (PDF) model for Non Premix Combustion model and Eddy Dissipation Model (EDM) are utilized to represent the flow and temperature fields of the flame being investigated, respectively. The results of calculations are compared with experimental data of propane flame taken from literature. The results of the study showed that the combination of the standard k-ε turbulence model and PDF model is more capable of producing reasonable predictions of temperature, particularly in axial profile and rich fuel area of all two flames compared with those of EDM model. Both experimental works and numerical simulation showed that increasi...
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