This study documents how multicultural education is constructed and implemented in a local pesant... more This study documents how multicultural education is constructed and implemented in a local pesantren in Tabanan, Bali, Indonesia, namely PBBI (Pesantren Bali Bina Insani). It demonstrates that the multicultural education in this pesantren is based upon the reality of religious, cultural, ethnic, group, and gender diversity that exists surrounding the pesantren. Teaching and administrative staff of this pesantren consist of Muslims and Hindus. Students come from the different socio-cultural backgrounds. Inclusive and tolerance values are incorporated into the curriculum of the pesantren. Multicultural education in this pesantren has become a strategic instrument for adaptation to the Hindu environment where it is located. The pesantren teaches students how to implement Islamic teaching on pluralism and inclusivism in their daily lives.
A systematic study of a series of MoxW1-xS2 layered mixed crystals, with 0 ≥ x ≤ 1, grown by the ... more A systematic study of a series of MoxW1-xS2 layered mixed crystals, with 0 ≥ x ≤ 1, grown by the chemical vapor transport method were carried out by using Raman scattering measurements. The peaks of the two dominant first-order Raman-active modes, A1g and E2g1 , and several second-order bands have been observed in the range of 150-500 cm-1. The peaks corresponding to A1g mode show one-mode type behavior while the peaks of E2g1 mode demonstrate two-mode type behavior for the entire series. The results can be explained on the basis of the atomic displacements for each mode. For A1g mode only sulfur atoms vibrate and this give rise to a one-mode type behavior for the mixed crystals. For E2g1 mode metal atoms also vibrate as well as sulfur atoms, the mass difference of the vibrating Mo and W cations causes the two-mode type behavior of E2g1 mode. In addition, the observation of largest asymmetry and broadening of A1g mode for Mo0.5W0.5S2 has been attributed to random alloy scattering.
In this study the performance of regenerated spent carbon for azo dye removal was evaluated in ba... more In this study the performance of regenerated spent carbon for azo dye removal was evaluated in batch and continuous column. The spent carbon was generated by thermal method through pyrolysis process and chemical method by using NaOH 6.0 M solution. Reactive Red 120 (RR120) was selected as a model of azo dye due to its common application in the industries. The regeneration of spent granular activated carbon (GAC) by pyrolysis could produce adsorbent that has the adsorption capacity closer to new GAC. The result indicated that paralysed GAC could potentially apply to replace new GAC for RR120 adsorption. In addition, the continuous adsorption operation in mini column test confirmed that the order of adsorption capacity of each GAC is as follows: new GAC, pirolysed GAC, chemical treated GAC and spent GAC.
In this study, the degradation characteristic of monoazo, diazo and anthraquinone dye by UV/H2O2 ... more In this study, the degradation characteristic of monoazo, diazo and anthraquinone dye by UV/H2O2 process was evaluated based on the trend of color, chemical oxygen demand (COD) and total organic carbon (TOC) removal. Three types of dyes consist of monoazo, diazo and anthraquinone dyes were used to compare the degradation mechanism of the dyes. The UV/H2O2 experiments were conducted in a laboratory scale cylindrical glass reactor operated in semi-batch mode. The UV/Vis characterization of monoazo, diazo and anthraquinone dye indicated that the rapid degradation of the dyes by UV/H2O2 process is meaningful with respect to decolourization, as a result of the azo bonds and substitute antraquinone chromophore degradation. However, this process is not efficient for aromatic amines removal. The monoazo MO was difficult to be decolorized than diazo RR120 dye, which imply that number of sulphonic groups in the dye molecules determines the reactivity with hydroxyl radical. The increased in COD removal is the evidence for oxidation and decreased in carbon content of dye molecules. TOC removal analysis shows that low TOC removal of monoazo MO and diazo RR120, as compared to anthraquinone RB19 may indicate an accumulation of by-products that are resistant to the H2O2 photolysis.
ABSTRACT The objective of this study is to evaluate the performance of turbidity removal in water... more ABSTRACT The objective of this study is to evaluate the performance of turbidity removal in water by using Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) as natural coagulant. The coagulation active agent in various Okra sections was extracted with distilled water and NaCl 1.0 M solutions. Synthetic water containing kaolin with turbidity of 55 NTU was usedas water source in this study. The result shows that Okra seed that extracted both with distilled water and NaCl 1.0 N solution has the potential advantage as natural coagulant for turbidity removal in comparison with other sections of the plant. However, the seed is not economically feasible to be used as coagulant. The dried Okra’s leaf that commonly considered as waste material could be proposed as an alternative coagulant in water treatment process, due to its similarity in coagulation behaviour with Okra’s seed. FTIR analysis on leaf shows that chemical functional groups in protein were significantly removed after extraction with distilled water and NaCl 1.0 N solution. The result indicated a strong correlation between the protein content and turbidity removal efficiency, which eventually suggest that the protein in Okra could potentially be an active agent in coagulation process.
This study documents how multicultural education is constructed and implemented in a local pesant... more This study documents how multicultural education is constructed and implemented in a local pesantren in Tabanan, Bali, Indonesia, namely PBBI (Pesantren Bali Bina Insani). It demonstrates that the multicultural education in this pesantren is based upon the reality of religious, cultural, ethnic, group, and gender diversity that exists surrounding the pesantren. Teaching and administrative staff of this pesantren consist of Muslims and Hindus. Students come from the different socio-cultural backgrounds. Inclusive and tolerance values are incorporated into the curriculum of the pesantren. Multicultural education in this pesantren has become a strategic instrument for adaptation to the Hindu environment where it is located. The pesantren teaches students how to implement Islamic teaching on pluralism and inclusivism in their daily lives.
A systematic study of a series of MoxW1-xS2 layered mixed crystals, with 0 ≥ x ≤ 1, grown by the ... more A systematic study of a series of MoxW1-xS2 layered mixed crystals, with 0 ≥ x ≤ 1, grown by the chemical vapor transport method were carried out by using Raman scattering measurements. The peaks of the two dominant first-order Raman-active modes, A1g and E2g1 , and several second-order bands have been observed in the range of 150-500 cm-1. The peaks corresponding to A1g mode show one-mode type behavior while the peaks of E2g1 mode demonstrate two-mode type behavior for the entire series. The results can be explained on the basis of the atomic displacements for each mode. For A1g mode only sulfur atoms vibrate and this give rise to a one-mode type behavior for the mixed crystals. For E2g1 mode metal atoms also vibrate as well as sulfur atoms, the mass difference of the vibrating Mo and W cations causes the two-mode type behavior of E2g1 mode. In addition, the observation of largest asymmetry and broadening of A1g mode for Mo0.5W0.5S2 has been attributed to random alloy scattering.
In this study the performance of regenerated spent carbon for azo dye removal was evaluated in ba... more In this study the performance of regenerated spent carbon for azo dye removal was evaluated in batch and continuous column. The spent carbon was generated by thermal method through pyrolysis process and chemical method by using NaOH 6.0 M solution. Reactive Red 120 (RR120) was selected as a model of azo dye due to its common application in the industries. The regeneration of spent granular activated carbon (GAC) by pyrolysis could produce adsorbent that has the adsorption capacity closer to new GAC. The result indicated that paralysed GAC could potentially apply to replace new GAC for RR120 adsorption. In addition, the continuous adsorption operation in mini column test confirmed that the order of adsorption capacity of each GAC is as follows: new GAC, pirolysed GAC, chemical treated GAC and spent GAC.
In this study, the degradation characteristic of monoazo, diazo and anthraquinone dye by UV/H2O2 ... more In this study, the degradation characteristic of monoazo, diazo and anthraquinone dye by UV/H2O2 process was evaluated based on the trend of color, chemical oxygen demand (COD) and total organic carbon (TOC) removal. Three types of dyes consist of monoazo, diazo and anthraquinone dyes were used to compare the degradation mechanism of the dyes. The UV/H2O2 experiments were conducted in a laboratory scale cylindrical glass reactor operated in semi-batch mode. The UV/Vis characterization of monoazo, diazo and anthraquinone dye indicated that the rapid degradation of the dyes by UV/H2O2 process is meaningful with respect to decolourization, as a result of the azo bonds and substitute antraquinone chromophore degradation. However, this process is not efficient for aromatic amines removal. The monoazo MO was difficult to be decolorized than diazo RR120 dye, which imply that number of sulphonic groups in the dye molecules determines the reactivity with hydroxyl radical. The increased in COD removal is the evidence for oxidation and decreased in carbon content of dye molecules. TOC removal analysis shows that low TOC removal of monoazo MO and diazo RR120, as compared to anthraquinone RB19 may indicate an accumulation of by-products that are resistant to the H2O2 photolysis.
ABSTRACT The objective of this study is to evaluate the performance of turbidity removal in water... more ABSTRACT The objective of this study is to evaluate the performance of turbidity removal in water by using Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) as natural coagulant. The coagulation active agent in various Okra sections was extracted with distilled water and NaCl 1.0 M solutions. Synthetic water containing kaolin with turbidity of 55 NTU was usedas water source in this study. The result shows that Okra seed that extracted both with distilled water and NaCl 1.0 N solution has the potential advantage as natural coagulant for turbidity removal in comparison with other sections of the plant. However, the seed is not economically feasible to be used as coagulant. The dried Okra’s leaf that commonly considered as waste material could be proposed as an alternative coagulant in water treatment process, due to its similarity in coagulation behaviour with Okra’s seed. FTIR analysis on leaf shows that chemical functional groups in protein were significantly removed after extraction with distilled water and NaCl 1.0 N solution. The result indicated a strong correlation between the protein content and turbidity removal efficiency, which eventually suggest that the protein in Okra could potentially be an active agent in coagulation process.
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Papers by muhammad rifyal fahmi