Objectives: Breast cancer is the primary cause of death in Iraqi women aged 30–54 years. The s... more Objectives: Breast cancer is the primary cause of death in Iraqi women aged 30–54 years. The study examined the relationship between (G > A) (rs3918290) and (rs55886062, T >G) DPYD gene polymorphisms, their haplotypes, and capecitabine serum concentrations in postmenopausal Iraqi women with breast cancer in postmenopausal women. During capecitabine chemotherapy. Methods: The study included 200 women: 100 apparently health (45-75 years old) and 100 with breast cancer (40-70 years old). This study, conducted between July and October 2022 at the oncology centre at Imam al-Hussain medical city in Kerbala, Iraq, plasma levels of Capacetabine and 5fu were measured in breast cancer patients who had been taking capecitabine for at least three months. All participants gave informed consent. Results: Capecitabine, and 5FU concentrations in breast cancer patients differed significantly, As the results showed, Capecitabine, and 5FU had a significantly higher concentration of them in p...
Solubility considered as the main challenge in preparing an oral dosage form of drugs had poor aq... more Solubility considered as the main challenge in preparing an oral dosage form of drugs had poor aqueous solubility. Solid dispersion (SD) is a solid dosage form which composed of poorly soluble drug dispersed though out a hydrophilic polymeric matrix, which could be crystalline or amorphous. Solid dispersion preparation may consist of one or more than one poorly soluble drug in an inactive solid polymeric matrix. Telmisartan (TLM) is an antihypertensive agent that belongs to Angiotensin Receptor Blockers (ARBs). This study shows the effect of using poloxamer 188 and polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) in formulating TLM as solid dispersion and its solubility and dissolution properties. 10 formulas of TLM SD prepared using "solvent evaporation method". Results showed that the solubility of TLM SD improved for all formulas and increased as polymer ratio increased. The release profile of TLM was improved for SD than that of pure drug. Formulas F5 (TLM: PVP 1:4) and F8 (TLM: poloxamer ...
International Journal of Applied Pharmaceutics, 2018
Objective: The object of this study was to improve flurbiprofen permeability transdermally using ... more Objective: The object of this study was to improve flurbiprofen permeability transdermally using castor oil as penetration enhancer.Methods: Castor oil with different concentrations (1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, and 5%) was used in this study as a natural enhancer to improve flurbiprofen permeation transdermally as a gel. The formulated gel of the drug was evaluated for several physicochemical characteristics. The in vitro release and permeability studies for the drug were performed using Franz cell diffusion apparatus across the synthetic membrane. Korsmeyer Pappas kinetic model was used to study the release mechanism of flurbiprofen from the gel.Results: The results demonstrated that castor oil was safe with no skin irritation and the formulas were stable over time. Castor oil was significantly effective in increasing the percent of flurbiprofen permeability from 46%±2.9 for the gel without enhancer to 95%±2 for the gel with 5% castor oil and increasing its penetration is directly related to t...
Background: Candesartan is a selective antagonist of the angiotensin II (Ang II) type 1 (AT1) Rec... more Background: Candesartan is a selective antagonist of the angiotensin II (Ang II) type 1 (AT1) Receptor. It is administered orally as candesartan cilexetil tablets. It is insoluble in water but soluble in methanol. In this study, egg yolk (lecithin) is used as a surfactant to enhance the solubility of candesartan. Materials and instruments: Candesartan cilexetil, chickens’ eggs and methanol were used. Method: 1ml of candesartan stock solution was prepared. Then, triplicates of 10mL of the following five concentrations (0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, and 0.5) % (v/v) were diluted from the stock solution. After that, the diluted samples were assayed utilizing UV instrument. Results and discussion: The selection of λmax of the absorption wavelength of candesartan was highly dependent on the cut-off values of the solvent system. The plotted curve, of the saturated solubility of CAND with various percentages of EY, shows linearity (y= 0.0051x) and a good r-squared value (R 2 =0.99972). ZAID AL-OBAID...
Background: Tranexamic acid is used to treat or prevent excessive blood loss. Moreover, tranexami... more Background: Tranexamic acid is used to treat or prevent excessive blood loss. Moreover, tranexamic acid is reported to treat the UV light-induced hyperpigmentation. Several tranexamic acid esters were approved to have topical skincare, however, tranexamic acid ethyl ester was not. In this work, a vehicle-controlled, double-blinded, and randomized clinical study was conducted for both tranexamic acid and its synthesized ethyl ester. Methods: a well-established protocol was adopted to synthesize ethyl-4-(Aminomethyl)Cyclohexanecarboxylate from tranexamic acid and ethanol. Three gel preparations were applied. These contained tranexamic acid, tranexamic acid ethyl ester, and vehicle (gel base). These three prepared gels were applied to thirty-six subjects of three equally-divided groups for thirty days period. Results: The synthesis shows 90% yield with purity > 99.7%. While the clinical findings were significant for both tranexamic acid (P = .01) and tranexamic acid ethyl ester (P ...
Solubility is an important physiochemical element that affect the absorption and effectiveness of... more Solubility is an important physiochemical element that affect the absorption and effectiveness of desired drug. Failure in formulation development of the drug has been considered as the consequences of its poor aqueous solubility. The reduced solubility of and low dissolution rate in aqueous gastrointestinal tract most often lead to inadequate bioavailability of the drug. In the present study the solubility and dissolution rate of finasteride which show poor solubility has been developed by solid dispersion(SD) technique with different polymers such as polyethylene glycol 6000 (PEG6000) and Hydroxypropyl Methyl Cellulose (HPMC). SD of finasteride (FNS) was prepared by using 60,120 and 200 mg of the polymer for 200 mg of the pure FNS in each formula using solvent evaporation method. Formula containing 200mg of HPMC showed best release rather than other formulas.
Objectives: Breast cancer is the primary cause of death in Iraqi women aged 30–54 years. The s... more Objectives: Breast cancer is the primary cause of death in Iraqi women aged 30–54 years. The study examined the relationship between (G > A) (rs3918290) and (rs55886062, T >G) DPYD gene polymorphisms, their haplotypes, and capecitabine serum concentrations in postmenopausal Iraqi women with breast cancer in postmenopausal women. During capecitabine chemotherapy. Methods: The study included 200 women: 100 apparently health (45-75 years old) and 100 with breast cancer (40-70 years old). This study, conducted between July and October 2022 at the oncology centre at Imam al-Hussain medical city in Kerbala, Iraq, plasma levels of Capacetabine and 5fu were measured in breast cancer patients who had been taking capecitabine for at least three months. All participants gave informed consent. Results: Capecitabine, and 5FU concentrations in breast cancer patients differed significantly, As the results showed, Capecitabine, and 5FU had a significantly higher concentration of them in p...
Solubility considered as the main challenge in preparing an oral dosage form of drugs had poor aq... more Solubility considered as the main challenge in preparing an oral dosage form of drugs had poor aqueous solubility. Solid dispersion (SD) is a solid dosage form which composed of poorly soluble drug dispersed though out a hydrophilic polymeric matrix, which could be crystalline or amorphous. Solid dispersion preparation may consist of one or more than one poorly soluble drug in an inactive solid polymeric matrix. Telmisartan (TLM) is an antihypertensive agent that belongs to Angiotensin Receptor Blockers (ARBs). This study shows the effect of using poloxamer 188 and polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) in formulating TLM as solid dispersion and its solubility and dissolution properties. 10 formulas of TLM SD prepared using "solvent evaporation method". Results showed that the solubility of TLM SD improved for all formulas and increased as polymer ratio increased. The release profile of TLM was improved for SD than that of pure drug. Formulas F5 (TLM: PVP 1:4) and F8 (TLM: poloxamer ...
International Journal of Applied Pharmaceutics, 2018
Objective: The object of this study was to improve flurbiprofen permeability transdermally using ... more Objective: The object of this study was to improve flurbiprofen permeability transdermally using castor oil as penetration enhancer.Methods: Castor oil with different concentrations (1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, and 5%) was used in this study as a natural enhancer to improve flurbiprofen permeation transdermally as a gel. The formulated gel of the drug was evaluated for several physicochemical characteristics. The in vitro release and permeability studies for the drug were performed using Franz cell diffusion apparatus across the synthetic membrane. Korsmeyer Pappas kinetic model was used to study the release mechanism of flurbiprofen from the gel.Results: The results demonstrated that castor oil was safe with no skin irritation and the formulas were stable over time. Castor oil was significantly effective in increasing the percent of flurbiprofen permeability from 46%±2.9 for the gel without enhancer to 95%±2 for the gel with 5% castor oil and increasing its penetration is directly related to t...
Background: Candesartan is a selective antagonist of the angiotensin II (Ang II) type 1 (AT1) Rec... more Background: Candesartan is a selective antagonist of the angiotensin II (Ang II) type 1 (AT1) Receptor. It is administered orally as candesartan cilexetil tablets. It is insoluble in water but soluble in methanol. In this study, egg yolk (lecithin) is used as a surfactant to enhance the solubility of candesartan. Materials and instruments: Candesartan cilexetil, chickens’ eggs and methanol were used. Method: 1ml of candesartan stock solution was prepared. Then, triplicates of 10mL of the following five concentrations (0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, and 0.5) % (v/v) were diluted from the stock solution. After that, the diluted samples were assayed utilizing UV instrument. Results and discussion: The selection of λmax of the absorption wavelength of candesartan was highly dependent on the cut-off values of the solvent system. The plotted curve, of the saturated solubility of CAND with various percentages of EY, shows linearity (y= 0.0051x) and a good r-squared value (R 2 =0.99972). ZAID AL-OBAID...
Background: Tranexamic acid is used to treat or prevent excessive blood loss. Moreover, tranexami... more Background: Tranexamic acid is used to treat or prevent excessive blood loss. Moreover, tranexamic acid is reported to treat the UV light-induced hyperpigmentation. Several tranexamic acid esters were approved to have topical skincare, however, tranexamic acid ethyl ester was not. In this work, a vehicle-controlled, double-blinded, and randomized clinical study was conducted for both tranexamic acid and its synthesized ethyl ester. Methods: a well-established protocol was adopted to synthesize ethyl-4-(Aminomethyl)Cyclohexanecarboxylate from tranexamic acid and ethanol. Three gel preparations were applied. These contained tranexamic acid, tranexamic acid ethyl ester, and vehicle (gel base). These three prepared gels were applied to thirty-six subjects of three equally-divided groups for thirty days period. Results: The synthesis shows 90% yield with purity > 99.7%. While the clinical findings were significant for both tranexamic acid (P = .01) and tranexamic acid ethyl ester (P ...
Solubility is an important physiochemical element that affect the absorption and effectiveness of... more Solubility is an important physiochemical element that affect the absorption and effectiveness of desired drug. Failure in formulation development of the drug has been considered as the consequences of its poor aqueous solubility. The reduced solubility of and low dissolution rate in aqueous gastrointestinal tract most often lead to inadequate bioavailability of the drug. In the present study the solubility and dissolution rate of finasteride which show poor solubility has been developed by solid dispersion(SD) technique with different polymers such as polyethylene glycol 6000 (PEG6000) and Hydroxypropyl Methyl Cellulose (HPMC). SD of finasteride (FNS) was prepared by using 60,120 and 200 mg of the polymer for 200 mg of the pure FNS in each formula using solvent evaporation method. Formula containing 200mg of HPMC showed best release rather than other formulas.
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