International Journal of Medical Research and Health Sciences, 2018
Background: Degenerative lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS) is a common condition affecting mainly old ... more Background: Degenerative lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS) is a common condition affecting mainly old age group with high incidence and prevalence, and is associated with many factors. Aim: Our study aimed to evaluate smoking, diabetes mellitus and obesity associations with degenerative LSS. Patients and methods: A comparative crosssectional study with participants 60 years of age or older. Participants suffered from degenerative LSS were enrolled as the diseased group after diagnosis with MRI, healthy persons (age and gender matched) were considered as control group. Smoking, diabetes mellitus and obesity variables were collected and analyzed using chi-square and odds ratio. Results: Around 162 participants enrolled the study, 62 were considered as degenerative LSS group, whereas 100 were considered as the control group. In LSS group, a picture obtained was of 20:42 smokers to non-smoker, 22:20 diabetic to non-diabetic, 37:25 obese to non-obese. While in the controlled group a picture w...
Pineal gland calcification is the most common physiological intracranial calcification followed b... more Pineal gland calcification is the most common physiological intracranial calcification followed by the choroid plexus calcification. The objective of the study was to determine the prevalence of the pineal gland and choroid plexus calcifi cation among the Iraqi population attending computed tomography scan units in Baghdad, estimate the mean diameters of the pineal gland calcification, and to detect any correlation between these calcifications with age and sex. This multi-centric cross-sectional tudy examined 485 CT scans of Iraqi patients between the ages of 1 and 100 years attending CT scan units in the period 1 December 2018 to 1 A pril 2019. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used. The prevalence of pineal gland calcification was found to be 68 % with the 30-39 age group and male sex predominance. It was found to increase after the first decade of life without real consistency. The mean for pineal gland calcification anterior-posterior diameter was 4.55 ±2.13 and the me...
Background: Excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) is characterized by persistent sleepiness and ofte... more Background: Excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) is characterized by persistent sleepiness and often a general lack of energy during the day after apparently adequate or even prolonged nighttime sleep. EDS affects 12% of the normal population and reduces individual’s performance capability and the accuracy of their short-term memory, additionally, it causes learning problems and hazardous events, such as car accidents. Aim of the study: The aim of our study was to find the relationship between EDS and obesity, differences between gender with EDS, and differences between age groups and EDS. Sample and methods: The study was done at the obesity unit, Al-Kindy Medical College. Total 200 people were interviewed, 100 with body mass index equal and more than 30 were considered as an obese group, and the others with body mass index less than 25 was considered as the control group, that are similar to an obese group in the age and gender. We were based on Body mass index (BMI) for assessment ...
Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) is still considered a worldwide leading cause of mortality and morbi... more Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) is still considered a worldwide leading cause of mortality and morbidity. Within the last decades, different modalities were used to assess severity and outcome including Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS), imaging modalities, and even genetic polymorphism, however, determining the prognosis of TBI victims is still challenging requiring the emerging of more accurate and more applicable tools to surrogate other old modalities
Endoscopy is a rapidly growing field of Neurosurgery, it is defined as the applying of endoscope ... more Endoscopy is a rapidly growing field of Neurosurgery, it is defined as the applying of endoscope to treat different conditions of brain pathology within cerebral ventricular system and beyond it, endoscopic procedures performed by using different equipment and recording system to make a better visualization enhancing the surgeon's view by increasing illumination and magnification to look around corner and to capture image on video or digital format for later studies.
Background: low back pain is one of the most common public health problems and of the most common... more Background: low back pain is one of the most common public health problems and of the most common musculoskeletal complaint. Many risk factors have been considered for developing low back pain include smoking, obesity and sedentary lifestyle. Aim of study: To evaluate smoking, obesity, and sedentary lifestyle associations with low back pain in young adults aged (18 – 39 years). Methods: a comparative cross sectional study for young adults aged 18 – 39 years, participants with low back pain as a symptom constitutes the first group, others free of this symptom considered as the control group. Age and gender matched in both groups. Smoking, obesity and sedentary life style variables collected and analyzed statistically using odd ratio and chi-square Results: One hundred patients were enrolled in the study after 12 patients being removed due to our exclusion criteria. 45 patients were with low back pain, 2:1 male to female ratio, For LBP group; data show 30:15 obese to none obese ratio,...
Objective: To assess and compare the efficacy of two muscle relaxants, chlorzoxazone and orphenad... more Objective: To assess and compare the efficacy of two muscle relaxants, chlorzoxazone and orphenadrine, in the management of pain associated with cervical spondylosis. Methodology: A prospective randomized clinical trial was carried out on 60 adults diagnosed with cervical spondylosis. Patients were randomly divided into two groups with 30 patients in each. The first group received chlorzoxazone 250 mg twice daily, while the second group received orphenadrine 35 mg twice daily for two weeks. Both groups received similar additional management. Pain severity was assessed by Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) at day zero, 7 and 14. Data were analyzed using T-test, repeated measure ANOVA and pairwise comparisons. Results: Pain score was significantly lower for both chlorzoxazone and orphenadrine group with p-value of 0.001 and 0.002, respectively. The chlorzoxazone group showed significantly lower pain score than the orphenadrine group at day 7 and 14 with p-value of 0.034 and 0.014, respective...
Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) is still considered a worldwide leading cause of mortality and morbi... more Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) is still considered a worldwide leading cause of mortality and morbidity. Within the last decades, different modalities were used to assess severity and outcome including Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS), imaging modalities, and even genetic polymorphism, however, determining the prognosis of TBI victims is still challenging requiring the emerging of more accurate and more applicable tools to surrogate other old modalities
The rapid spread of novel coronavirus disease(COVID19) throughout the world without availablespec... more The rapid spread of novel coronavirus disease(COVID19) throughout the world without availablespecific treatment or vaccine necessitates alternativeoptions to contain the disease. Historically, childrenand pregnant women were considered high-riskpopulation of infectious diseases but rarely have beenspotlighted nowadays in the regular COVID-19updates, may be due to low global rates of incidence,morbidity, and mortality. However, complications didoccur in these subjects affected by COVID-19. Weaimed to explore the latest updates ofimmunotherapeutic perspectives of COVID-19patients in general population and some added detailsregarding pediatric and obstetrical practice.Immune system boosting strategy is one of therecently emerging issues allowing the body defensemechanism to produce virus-neutralizing antibodies tocounteract the viral impacts on multiple organdamage. Measles vaccination (which is universallyused for children in many countries, butcontraindicated during pregnancy) could ...
SUMMARY: Pineal gland calcification is the most common physiological intracranial calcification f... more SUMMARY: Pineal gland calcification is the most common physiological intracranial calcification followed by the choroid plexus calcification. The objective of the study was to determine the prevalence of the pineal gland and choroid plexus calcification among the Iraqi population attending computed tomography scan units in Baghdad, estimate the mean diameters of the pineal gland calcification, and to detect any correlation between these calcifications with age and sex. This multi-centric cross-sectional study examined 485 CT scans of Iraqi patients between the ages of 1 and 100 years attending CT scan units in the period 1 December 2018 to 1 April 2019. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used. The prevalence of pineal gland calcification was found to be 68 % with the 30-39 age group and male sex predominance. It was found to increase after the first decade of life without real consistency. The mean for pineal gland calcification anterior-posterior diameter was 4.55±2.13 and the mean of the right-left diameter was 3.95±1.54. These diameters were found to differ according to sex and age. Choroid plexus calcification was found to have a prevalence of 53.6 %. In most cases, choroid plexus calcification was found bilaterally (77.3 %). There was no difference in sex, but choroid plexus. In conclusion, calcification was noticed to increase gradually according to age. Both pineal gland and choroid plexus calcification have a relatively high prevalence. While pineal gland calcification formation was demonstrated to have a close relation to age and sex, choroid plexus calcification formation was noticed to relate only to age.
(1) Background: Sleeping disorders are frequently reported following traumatic brain injury (TBI)... more (1) Background: Sleeping disorders are frequently reported following traumatic brain injury (TBI). Different forms of sleeping disorders have been reported, such as sleepiness, insomnia, changes in sleeping latency, and others. (2) Methods: A case-control study with 62 patients who were victims of mild or moderate TBI with previous admissions to Iraqi tertiary neurosurgical centers were enrolled as the first group, and 158 patients with no history of trauma were considered as the control. All were 18 years of age or older, and the severity of the trauma and sleep disorders was assessed. The Pittsburgh sleep quality index was used to assess sleep disorders with average need for sleep per day and average sleep latency were assessed in both groups. Chi-square and t-test calculations were used to compare different variables. (3) Results: 39 patients (24.7%) of the controlled group experienced sleeping disorders compared to TBI group with 45 patients (72.6%), P-value < 0.00001. A total of 42 patients were diagnosed on admission as having a mild degree of TBI (mean GCS 13.22 ± 1.76) and 20 patients were diagnosed with moderate TBI (mean GCS11.05 ± 1.14. 27). A total of 27 (46.28%) patients with mild severity TBI and 18 patients (90%) of moderate severity were considered to experience sleeping disorders, P-value 0.0339. Each of the mild and moderate TBI subgroups show a P-value < 0.00001 compared to the control group. Average sleep hours needed per day for TBI and the control were 8.02 ± 1.04 h and 7.26 ± 0.58 h, respectively, P-value < 0.00001. Average sleep latency for the TBI and the control groups were 13.32 ± 3.16 min and 13.93 ± 3.07 min respectively, P-value 0.065. (4) Conclusion: Sleep disturbances are more common following mild and moderate TBI three months after the injury with more hours needed for sleep per day and no significant difference in sleep latency. Sleep disturbances increase in frequency with the increase in the severity of TBI.
Objective: To assess and compare the efficacy of two muscle relaxants, chlorzoxazone and orphenad... more Objective: To assess and compare the efficacy of two muscle relaxants, chlorzoxazone and orphenadrine, in the management of pain associated with cervical spondylosis. Methodology: A prospective randomized clinical trial was carried out on 60 adults diagnosed with cervical spondylosis. Patients were randomly divided into two groups with 30 patients in each. The first group received chlorzoxazone 250 mg twice daily, while the second group received orphenadrine 35 mg twice daily for two weeks. Both groups received similar additional management. Pain severity was assessed by Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) at day zero, 7 and 14. Data were analyzed using T-test, repeated measure ANOVA and pairwise comparisons. Results: Pain score was significantly lower for both chlorzoxazone and orphenadrine group with p-value of 0.001 and 0.002, respectively. The chlorzoxazone group showed significantly lower pain score than the orphenadrine group at day 7 and 14 with p-value of 0.034 and 0.014, respectively. All patients showed reduction in mean of pain score (p=0.001). Conclusion: chlorzoxazone was more effective than orphenadrine in pain management for patients with cervical spondylosis at day 14. Both showed significant pain reduction.
International Journal of Medical Research & Health Sciences, 2018
Background: Degenerative lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS) is a common condition affecting mainly old ... more Background: Degenerative lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS) is a common condition affecting mainly old age group with high incidence and prevalence, and is associated with many factors. Aim: Our study aimed to evaluate smoking, diabetes mellitus and obesity associations with degenerative LSS. Patients and methods: A comparative cross-sectional study with participants 60 years of age or older. Participants suffered from degenerative LSS were enrolled as the diseased group after diagnosis with MRI, healthy persons (age and gender matched) were considered as control group. Smoking, diabetes mellitus and obesity variables were collected and analyzed using chi-square and odds ratio. Results: Around 162 participants enrolled the study, 62 were considered as degenerative LSS group, whereas 100 were considered as the control group. In LSS group, a picture obtained was of 20:42 smokers to non-smoker, 22:20 diabetic to non-diabetic, 37:25 obese to non-obese. While in the controlled group a picture was obtained with 18:82 smokers to non-smoker, 18-82 diabetic to non-diabetic, 34:66 obese to non-obese. Chi-square p-value was of 0.037, 0.012 and 0.001 for smoking, diabetes mellitus, and obesity, respectively. The odd ratio was 2.17, 2.5 and 2.87 for smoking, diabetes mellitus, and obesity, respectively. All above results were significant. Conclusion: Each of smoking, diabetes mellitus, and obesity has a great association with the development of degenerative LSS in elderly age group. Obesity shows the highest association among them.
International Journal of Medical Research and Health Sciences, 2018
Background: Degenerative lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS) is a common condition affecting mainly old ... more Background: Degenerative lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS) is a common condition affecting mainly old age group with high incidence and prevalence, and is associated with many factors. Aim: Our study aimed to evaluate smoking, diabetes mellitus and obesity associations with degenerative LSS. Patients and methods: A comparative crosssectional study with participants 60 years of age or older. Participants suffered from degenerative LSS were enrolled as the diseased group after diagnosis with MRI, healthy persons (age and gender matched) were considered as control group. Smoking, diabetes mellitus and obesity variables were collected and analyzed using chi-square and odds ratio. Results: Around 162 participants enrolled the study, 62 were considered as degenerative LSS group, whereas 100 were considered as the control group. In LSS group, a picture obtained was of 20:42 smokers to non-smoker, 22:20 diabetic to non-diabetic, 37:25 obese to non-obese. While in the controlled group a picture w...
Pineal gland calcification is the most common physiological intracranial calcification followed b... more Pineal gland calcification is the most common physiological intracranial calcification followed by the choroid plexus calcification. The objective of the study was to determine the prevalence of the pineal gland and choroid plexus calcifi cation among the Iraqi population attending computed tomography scan units in Baghdad, estimate the mean diameters of the pineal gland calcification, and to detect any correlation between these calcifications with age and sex. This multi-centric cross-sectional tudy examined 485 CT scans of Iraqi patients between the ages of 1 and 100 years attending CT scan units in the period 1 December 2018 to 1 A pril 2019. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used. The prevalence of pineal gland calcification was found to be 68 % with the 30-39 age group and male sex predominance. It was found to increase after the first decade of life without real consistency. The mean for pineal gland calcification anterior-posterior diameter was 4.55 ±2.13 and the me...
Background: Excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) is characterized by persistent sleepiness and ofte... more Background: Excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) is characterized by persistent sleepiness and often a general lack of energy during the day after apparently adequate or even prolonged nighttime sleep. EDS affects 12% of the normal population and reduces individual’s performance capability and the accuracy of their short-term memory, additionally, it causes learning problems and hazardous events, such as car accidents. Aim of the study: The aim of our study was to find the relationship between EDS and obesity, differences between gender with EDS, and differences between age groups and EDS. Sample and methods: The study was done at the obesity unit, Al-Kindy Medical College. Total 200 people were interviewed, 100 with body mass index equal and more than 30 were considered as an obese group, and the others with body mass index less than 25 was considered as the control group, that are similar to an obese group in the age and gender. We were based on Body mass index (BMI) for assessment ...
Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) is still considered a worldwide leading cause of mortality and morbi... more Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) is still considered a worldwide leading cause of mortality and morbidity. Within the last decades, different modalities were used to assess severity and outcome including Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS), imaging modalities, and even genetic polymorphism, however, determining the prognosis of TBI victims is still challenging requiring the emerging of more accurate and more applicable tools to surrogate other old modalities
Endoscopy is a rapidly growing field of Neurosurgery, it is defined as the applying of endoscope ... more Endoscopy is a rapidly growing field of Neurosurgery, it is defined as the applying of endoscope to treat different conditions of brain pathology within cerebral ventricular system and beyond it, endoscopic procedures performed by using different equipment and recording system to make a better visualization enhancing the surgeon's view by increasing illumination and magnification to look around corner and to capture image on video or digital format for later studies.
Background: low back pain is one of the most common public health problems and of the most common... more Background: low back pain is one of the most common public health problems and of the most common musculoskeletal complaint. Many risk factors have been considered for developing low back pain include smoking, obesity and sedentary lifestyle. Aim of study: To evaluate smoking, obesity, and sedentary lifestyle associations with low back pain in young adults aged (18 – 39 years). Methods: a comparative cross sectional study for young adults aged 18 – 39 years, participants with low back pain as a symptom constitutes the first group, others free of this symptom considered as the control group. Age and gender matched in both groups. Smoking, obesity and sedentary life style variables collected and analyzed statistically using odd ratio and chi-square Results: One hundred patients were enrolled in the study after 12 patients being removed due to our exclusion criteria. 45 patients were with low back pain, 2:1 male to female ratio, For LBP group; data show 30:15 obese to none obese ratio,...
Objective: To assess and compare the efficacy of two muscle relaxants, chlorzoxazone and orphenad... more Objective: To assess and compare the efficacy of two muscle relaxants, chlorzoxazone and orphenadrine, in the management of pain associated with cervical spondylosis. Methodology: A prospective randomized clinical trial was carried out on 60 adults diagnosed with cervical spondylosis. Patients were randomly divided into two groups with 30 patients in each. The first group received chlorzoxazone 250 mg twice daily, while the second group received orphenadrine 35 mg twice daily for two weeks. Both groups received similar additional management. Pain severity was assessed by Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) at day zero, 7 and 14. Data were analyzed using T-test, repeated measure ANOVA and pairwise comparisons. Results: Pain score was significantly lower for both chlorzoxazone and orphenadrine group with p-value of 0.001 and 0.002, respectively. The chlorzoxazone group showed significantly lower pain score than the orphenadrine group at day 7 and 14 with p-value of 0.034 and 0.014, respective...
Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) is still considered a worldwide leading cause of mortality and morbi... more Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) is still considered a worldwide leading cause of mortality and morbidity. Within the last decades, different modalities were used to assess severity and outcome including Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS), imaging modalities, and even genetic polymorphism, however, determining the prognosis of TBI victims is still challenging requiring the emerging of more accurate and more applicable tools to surrogate other old modalities
The rapid spread of novel coronavirus disease(COVID19) throughout the world without availablespec... more The rapid spread of novel coronavirus disease(COVID19) throughout the world without availablespecific treatment or vaccine necessitates alternativeoptions to contain the disease. Historically, childrenand pregnant women were considered high-riskpopulation of infectious diseases but rarely have beenspotlighted nowadays in the regular COVID-19updates, may be due to low global rates of incidence,morbidity, and mortality. However, complications didoccur in these subjects affected by COVID-19. Weaimed to explore the latest updates ofimmunotherapeutic perspectives of COVID-19patients in general population and some added detailsregarding pediatric and obstetrical practice.Immune system boosting strategy is one of therecently emerging issues allowing the body defensemechanism to produce virus-neutralizing antibodies tocounteract the viral impacts on multiple organdamage. Measles vaccination (which is universallyused for children in many countries, butcontraindicated during pregnancy) could ...
SUMMARY: Pineal gland calcification is the most common physiological intracranial calcification f... more SUMMARY: Pineal gland calcification is the most common physiological intracranial calcification followed by the choroid plexus calcification. The objective of the study was to determine the prevalence of the pineal gland and choroid plexus calcification among the Iraqi population attending computed tomography scan units in Baghdad, estimate the mean diameters of the pineal gland calcification, and to detect any correlation between these calcifications with age and sex. This multi-centric cross-sectional study examined 485 CT scans of Iraqi patients between the ages of 1 and 100 years attending CT scan units in the period 1 December 2018 to 1 April 2019. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used. The prevalence of pineal gland calcification was found to be 68 % with the 30-39 age group and male sex predominance. It was found to increase after the first decade of life without real consistency. The mean for pineal gland calcification anterior-posterior diameter was 4.55±2.13 and the mean of the right-left diameter was 3.95±1.54. These diameters were found to differ according to sex and age. Choroid plexus calcification was found to have a prevalence of 53.6 %. In most cases, choroid plexus calcification was found bilaterally (77.3 %). There was no difference in sex, but choroid plexus. In conclusion, calcification was noticed to increase gradually according to age. Both pineal gland and choroid plexus calcification have a relatively high prevalence. While pineal gland calcification formation was demonstrated to have a close relation to age and sex, choroid plexus calcification formation was noticed to relate only to age.
(1) Background: Sleeping disorders are frequently reported following traumatic brain injury (TBI)... more (1) Background: Sleeping disorders are frequently reported following traumatic brain injury (TBI). Different forms of sleeping disorders have been reported, such as sleepiness, insomnia, changes in sleeping latency, and others. (2) Methods: A case-control study with 62 patients who were victims of mild or moderate TBI with previous admissions to Iraqi tertiary neurosurgical centers were enrolled as the first group, and 158 patients with no history of trauma were considered as the control. All were 18 years of age or older, and the severity of the trauma and sleep disorders was assessed. The Pittsburgh sleep quality index was used to assess sleep disorders with average need for sleep per day and average sleep latency were assessed in both groups. Chi-square and t-test calculations were used to compare different variables. (3) Results: 39 patients (24.7%) of the controlled group experienced sleeping disorders compared to TBI group with 45 patients (72.6%), P-value < 0.00001. A total of 42 patients were diagnosed on admission as having a mild degree of TBI (mean GCS 13.22 ± 1.76) and 20 patients were diagnosed with moderate TBI (mean GCS11.05 ± 1.14. 27). A total of 27 (46.28%) patients with mild severity TBI and 18 patients (90%) of moderate severity were considered to experience sleeping disorders, P-value 0.0339. Each of the mild and moderate TBI subgroups show a P-value < 0.00001 compared to the control group. Average sleep hours needed per day for TBI and the control were 8.02 ± 1.04 h and 7.26 ± 0.58 h, respectively, P-value < 0.00001. Average sleep latency for the TBI and the control groups were 13.32 ± 3.16 min and 13.93 ± 3.07 min respectively, P-value 0.065. (4) Conclusion: Sleep disturbances are more common following mild and moderate TBI three months after the injury with more hours needed for sleep per day and no significant difference in sleep latency. Sleep disturbances increase in frequency with the increase in the severity of TBI.
Objective: To assess and compare the efficacy of two muscle relaxants, chlorzoxazone and orphenad... more Objective: To assess and compare the efficacy of two muscle relaxants, chlorzoxazone and orphenadrine, in the management of pain associated with cervical spondylosis. Methodology: A prospective randomized clinical trial was carried out on 60 adults diagnosed with cervical spondylosis. Patients were randomly divided into two groups with 30 patients in each. The first group received chlorzoxazone 250 mg twice daily, while the second group received orphenadrine 35 mg twice daily for two weeks. Both groups received similar additional management. Pain severity was assessed by Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) at day zero, 7 and 14. Data were analyzed using T-test, repeated measure ANOVA and pairwise comparisons. Results: Pain score was significantly lower for both chlorzoxazone and orphenadrine group with p-value of 0.001 and 0.002, respectively. The chlorzoxazone group showed significantly lower pain score than the orphenadrine group at day 7 and 14 with p-value of 0.034 and 0.014, respectively. All patients showed reduction in mean of pain score (p=0.001). Conclusion: chlorzoxazone was more effective than orphenadrine in pain management for patients with cervical spondylosis at day 14. Both showed significant pain reduction.
International Journal of Medical Research & Health Sciences, 2018
Background: Degenerative lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS) is a common condition affecting mainly old ... more Background: Degenerative lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS) is a common condition affecting mainly old age group with high incidence and prevalence, and is associated with many factors. Aim: Our study aimed to evaluate smoking, diabetes mellitus and obesity associations with degenerative LSS. Patients and methods: A comparative cross-sectional study with participants 60 years of age or older. Participants suffered from degenerative LSS were enrolled as the diseased group after diagnosis with MRI, healthy persons (age and gender matched) were considered as control group. Smoking, diabetes mellitus and obesity variables were collected and analyzed using chi-square and odds ratio. Results: Around 162 participants enrolled the study, 62 were considered as degenerative LSS group, whereas 100 were considered as the control group. In LSS group, a picture obtained was of 20:42 smokers to non-smoker, 22:20 diabetic to non-diabetic, 37:25 obese to non-obese. While in the controlled group a picture was obtained with 18:82 smokers to non-smoker, 18-82 diabetic to non-diabetic, 34:66 obese to non-obese. Chi-square p-value was of 0.037, 0.012 and 0.001 for smoking, diabetes mellitus, and obesity, respectively. The odd ratio was 2.17, 2.5 and 2.87 for smoking, diabetes mellitus, and obesity, respectively. All above results were significant. Conclusion: Each of smoking, diabetes mellitus, and obesity has a great association with the development of degenerative LSS in elderly age group. Obesity shows the highest association among them.
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Papers by Laith Al-Ameri
plexus calcification. The objective of the study was to determine the prevalence of the pineal gland and choroid plexus calcification
among the Iraqi population attending computed tomography scan units in Baghdad, estimate the mean diameters of the pineal gland
calcification, and to detect any correlation between these calcifications with age and sex. This multi-centric cross-sectional study examined
485 CT scans of Iraqi patients between the ages of 1 and 100 years attending CT scan units in the period 1 December 2018 to 1 April
2019. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used. The prevalence of pineal gland calcification was found to be 68 % with the 30-39
age group and male sex predominance. It was found to increase after the first decade of life without real consistency. The mean for pineal
gland calcification anterior-posterior diameter was 4.55±2.13 and the mean of the right-left diameter was 3.95±1.54. These diameters
were found to differ according to sex and age. Choroid plexus calcification was found to have a prevalence of 53.6 %. In most cases,
choroid plexus calcification was found bilaterally (77.3 %). There was no difference in sex, but choroid plexus. In conclusion, calcification
was noticed to increase gradually according to age. Both pineal gland and choroid plexus calcification have a relatively high prevalence.
While pineal gland calcification formation was demonstrated to have a close relation to age and sex, choroid plexus calcification formation
was noticed to relate only to age.
Methodology: A prospective randomized clinical trial was carried out on 60 adults diagnosed with cervical spondylosis. Patients were randomly divided into two groups with 30 patients in each. The first group received chlorzoxazone 250 mg twice daily, while the second group received orphenadrine 35 mg twice daily for two weeks. Both groups received similar additional management. Pain severity was assessed by Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) at day zero, 7 and 14. Data were analyzed using T-test, repeated measure ANOVA and pairwise comparisons.
Results: Pain score was significantly lower for both chlorzoxazone and orphenadrine group with p-value of 0.001 and 0.002, respectively. The chlorzoxazone group showed significantly lower pain score than the orphenadrine group at day 7 and 14 with p-value of 0.034 and 0.014, respectively. All patients showed reduction in mean of pain score (p=0.001).
Conclusion: chlorzoxazone was more effective than orphenadrine in pain management for patients with cervical spondylosis at day 14. Both showed significant pain reduction.
Key words: Cervical spondylosis, muscle relaxants, chlorzoxazone, orphenadrine
plexus calcification. The objective of the study was to determine the prevalence of the pineal gland and choroid plexus calcification
among the Iraqi population attending computed tomography scan units in Baghdad, estimate the mean diameters of the pineal gland
calcification, and to detect any correlation between these calcifications with age and sex. This multi-centric cross-sectional study examined
485 CT scans of Iraqi patients between the ages of 1 and 100 years attending CT scan units in the period 1 December 2018 to 1 April
2019. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used. The prevalence of pineal gland calcification was found to be 68 % with the 30-39
age group and male sex predominance. It was found to increase after the first decade of life without real consistency. The mean for pineal
gland calcification anterior-posterior diameter was 4.55±2.13 and the mean of the right-left diameter was 3.95±1.54. These diameters
were found to differ according to sex and age. Choroid plexus calcification was found to have a prevalence of 53.6 %. In most cases,
choroid plexus calcification was found bilaterally (77.3 %). There was no difference in sex, but choroid plexus. In conclusion, calcification
was noticed to increase gradually according to age. Both pineal gland and choroid plexus calcification have a relatively high prevalence.
While pineal gland calcification formation was demonstrated to have a close relation to age and sex, choroid plexus calcification formation
was noticed to relate only to age.
Methodology: A prospective randomized clinical trial was carried out on 60 adults diagnosed with cervical spondylosis. Patients were randomly divided into two groups with 30 patients in each. The first group received chlorzoxazone 250 mg twice daily, while the second group received orphenadrine 35 mg twice daily for two weeks. Both groups received similar additional management. Pain severity was assessed by Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) at day zero, 7 and 14. Data were analyzed using T-test, repeated measure ANOVA and pairwise comparisons.
Results: Pain score was significantly lower for both chlorzoxazone and orphenadrine group with p-value of 0.001 and 0.002, respectively. The chlorzoxazone group showed significantly lower pain score than the orphenadrine group at day 7 and 14 with p-value of 0.034 and 0.014, respectively. All patients showed reduction in mean of pain score (p=0.001).
Conclusion: chlorzoxazone was more effective than orphenadrine in pain management for patients with cervical spondylosis at day 14. Both showed significant pain reduction.
Key words: Cervical spondylosis, muscle relaxants, chlorzoxazone, orphenadrine