International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences
Objective: To investigate the possible individual and joined influences that binding solution con... more Objective: To investigate the possible individual and joined influences that binding solution concentration, drying temperature and drying duration might have on the physiochemical attributes of granules and tablets using norfloxacin as a model drug. Methods: According to implemented 23 central composite designs, each of the investigated variables were examined at 5 different levels through different 16 formulation runs. For each formulation, obtained granules were qualified for their bulk density, tap density, Hausner ratio, percent of fine and drug content properties whereas the respective tablets were evaluated for their weight variation, drug content, friability, hardness, disintegration, and drug dissolution attributes. Results: Indicated that concentration of binder solution, as compared to drying temperature and drying duration, measured more profound influences on granules' tap density, Hausner ratio, % fine and drug content either through its individual linear and quadr...
International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences
Objective: The aim of this study was to explore the individual and joint effects of drug: ethylce... more Objective: The aim of this study was to explore the individual and joint effects of drug: ethylcellulose ratio, content of tween 80 and chloroform: water volume ratio on particles' size and size distribution of artemether loaded ethyl cellulose nanosuspension formulations, aiming to achieve nanosuspension with desired particles properties, stability and drug release profile.Methods: Mixed levels design was used to generate a series of artemether loaded ethylcellulose nanosuspensions that produced by emulsification-solvent evaporation technique. Formulations were qualified for particle size and size distribution using dynamic light scattering technique. Best ranked formulation was then evaluated for stability and drug release rate and kinetics.Results: Drug: polymer ratio, content of surfactant and organic: water volume ratio were found to exert considerable influences (p<0.05) on particle size of produced nanosuspensions, either individually or as joint variables. Peak intens...
International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences
Objective: The aim of this study is to explore the possible effects of drug solubility and commer... more Objective: The aim of this study is to explore the possible effects of drug solubility and commercial supply sources of HPMC and PVP on physical properties of matrix tablets. Methods: Two different supply sources (A and B) for Hydroxy Propyl Methyl Cellulose (HPMC) as a matrix forming polymer and Polyvinyl Pyrrilidone (PVP) as a matrix supportive polymer were used with either Chlorphenaramine maleate (CPM), as a water soluble drug or Atenolol (ATN), as a water insoluble drug, to produce a series of matrix formulations using direct compression according to a 23full factorial design. Matrices were then qualified for friability, hardness, and drug release attributes. Results: Matrix hardness and friability properties demonstrated to be influenced by PVP supply source as an individual factor alone or in combination with drug solubility factor, moreover, both properties were found to be less affected by drug solubility and HPMC supply source, as individual factors. Compared to other fact...
In this study 23 full factorial, 2(3-1) fractional, mixed levels quantis and two-level taguchi de... more In this study 23 full factorial, 2(3-1) fractional, mixed levels quantis and two-level taguchi designs were comparatively investigated for their appropriateness in developing and optimizing colon-targeted matrix formulation of Ibuprofen, a model drug. Factors iterated within all designs included guar gum content, tablet hardness and drying temperature of granules prior compression whereas responses measured for comparison were precolonic % drug release as indicated by matrix dissolution efficiency during the first 5hours (DE0-5hrs) and colonic % drug release (DE7-26hrs). While 23 full factorial and 2(3-1) fractional designs have similarly supported the use of 10% guar gum to form granules that dried at 40oC prior compression into tablets of hardness level of 10kg/cm2 in order to achieve very limited precolonic drug release (DE0-5hr ≤ 5), both models indicated the use of 10% guar gum to form granules that dried at 60oC prior compression into tablets of hardness level of 5kg/cm2 as to...
Introduction In hospitalized neonates and infants suffering from severe infectious disease; the u... more Introduction In hospitalized neonates and infants suffering from severe infectious disease; the use of injectable antibiotics is essential. Co-amoxiclav and Ceftriaxone injection are among the widely used antibioticsin children due to their relative safety and wide spectrum of activity. Since doses depend on the nature of the disease, age and weight of the patient, so in most neonates and infants, just a part of the reconstituted solution or suspension is used for a single dose due to their relatively low weights. The remaining part of the preparationis usually discarded by virtue of unreliability in its stability, increasing the cost of the treatment on patients and health institutes. Objective This study aims to investigate the effect and its intensity of the temperature and light (indoor light) on the stability of reconstituted Co-amoxiclav and Ceftriaxone injectable solutions in order to use them in the most cost-effective manner. Methods Chemical stability of Reconstituted Co-a...
The objective of this study is to select between native and treated guar gum as tablet disintegra... more The objective of this study is to select between native and treated guar gum as tablet disintegrant and to explore the possible influences of disintegrant content and production method on different tablet attributes using promethazine-HCl as a model drug. Tablet batches were formulated according to 23 full factorial design in which each of the selected factors was investigated at two possible levels for their individual and combined influences on tablets properties. Native and treated gum were considered for guar gum type, guar content was examined at 2 and 8%w/w whereas dry and wet granulation were selected as levels for tablets production method. Guar gum content was demonstrated to affect weight variation, thickness variation and friability properties of different tablet batches (p ranged 0.012-0.038). Guar gum type was also established to influence weight and thickness variation as well as disintegration and drug dissolution properties (p ranged 0.025-0.039). Influences of produ...
International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences
Objective: To investigate the possible individual and joined influences that binding solution con... more Objective: To investigate the possible individual and joined influences that binding solution concentration, drying temperature and drying duration might have on the physiochemical attributes of granules and tablets using norfloxacin as a model drug. Methods: According to implemented 23 central composite designs, each of the investigated variables were examined at 5 different levels through different 16 formulation runs. For each formulation, obtained granules were qualified for their bulk density, tap density, Hausner ratio, percent of fine and drug content properties whereas the respective tablets were evaluated for their weight variation, drug content, friability, hardness, disintegration, and drug dissolution attributes. Results: Indicated that concentration of binder solution, as compared to drying temperature and drying duration, measured more profound influences on granules' tap density, Hausner ratio, % fine and drug content either through its individual linear and quadr...
International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences
Objective: The aim of this study was to explore the individual and joint effects of drug: ethylce... more Objective: The aim of this study was to explore the individual and joint effects of drug: ethylcellulose ratio, content of tween 80 and chloroform: water volume ratio on particles' size and size distribution of artemether loaded ethyl cellulose nanosuspension formulations, aiming to achieve nanosuspension with desired particles properties, stability and drug release profile.Methods: Mixed levels design was used to generate a series of artemether loaded ethylcellulose nanosuspensions that produced by emulsification-solvent evaporation technique. Formulations were qualified for particle size and size distribution using dynamic light scattering technique. Best ranked formulation was then evaluated for stability and drug release rate and kinetics.Results: Drug: polymer ratio, content of surfactant and organic: water volume ratio were found to exert considerable influences (p<0.05) on particle size of produced nanosuspensions, either individually or as joint variables. Peak intens...
International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences
Objective: The aim of this study is to explore the possible effects of drug solubility and commer... more Objective: The aim of this study is to explore the possible effects of drug solubility and commercial supply sources of HPMC and PVP on physical properties of matrix tablets. Methods: Two different supply sources (A and B) for Hydroxy Propyl Methyl Cellulose (HPMC) as a matrix forming polymer and Polyvinyl Pyrrilidone (PVP) as a matrix supportive polymer were used with either Chlorphenaramine maleate (CPM), as a water soluble drug or Atenolol (ATN), as a water insoluble drug, to produce a series of matrix formulations using direct compression according to a 23full factorial design. Matrices were then qualified for friability, hardness, and drug release attributes. Results: Matrix hardness and friability properties demonstrated to be influenced by PVP supply source as an individual factor alone or in combination with drug solubility factor, moreover, both properties were found to be less affected by drug solubility and HPMC supply source, as individual factors. Compared to other fact...
In this study 23 full factorial, 2(3-1) fractional, mixed levels quantis and two-level taguchi de... more In this study 23 full factorial, 2(3-1) fractional, mixed levels quantis and two-level taguchi designs were comparatively investigated for their appropriateness in developing and optimizing colon-targeted matrix formulation of Ibuprofen, a model drug. Factors iterated within all designs included guar gum content, tablet hardness and drying temperature of granules prior compression whereas responses measured for comparison were precolonic % drug release as indicated by matrix dissolution efficiency during the first 5hours (DE0-5hrs) and colonic % drug release (DE7-26hrs). While 23 full factorial and 2(3-1) fractional designs have similarly supported the use of 10% guar gum to form granules that dried at 40oC prior compression into tablets of hardness level of 10kg/cm2 in order to achieve very limited precolonic drug release (DE0-5hr ≤ 5), both models indicated the use of 10% guar gum to form granules that dried at 60oC prior compression into tablets of hardness level of 5kg/cm2 as to...
Introduction In hospitalized neonates and infants suffering from severe infectious disease; the u... more Introduction In hospitalized neonates and infants suffering from severe infectious disease; the use of injectable antibiotics is essential. Co-amoxiclav and Ceftriaxone injection are among the widely used antibioticsin children due to their relative safety and wide spectrum of activity. Since doses depend on the nature of the disease, age and weight of the patient, so in most neonates and infants, just a part of the reconstituted solution or suspension is used for a single dose due to their relatively low weights. The remaining part of the preparationis usually discarded by virtue of unreliability in its stability, increasing the cost of the treatment on patients and health institutes. Objective This study aims to investigate the effect and its intensity of the temperature and light (indoor light) on the stability of reconstituted Co-amoxiclav and Ceftriaxone injectable solutions in order to use them in the most cost-effective manner. Methods Chemical stability of Reconstituted Co-a...
The objective of this study is to select between native and treated guar gum as tablet disintegra... more The objective of this study is to select between native and treated guar gum as tablet disintegrant and to explore the possible influences of disintegrant content and production method on different tablet attributes using promethazine-HCl as a model drug. Tablet batches were formulated according to 23 full factorial design in which each of the selected factors was investigated at two possible levels for their individual and combined influences on tablets properties. Native and treated gum were considered for guar gum type, guar content was examined at 2 and 8%w/w whereas dry and wet granulation were selected as levels for tablets production method. Guar gum content was demonstrated to affect weight variation, thickness variation and friability properties of different tablet batches (p ranged 0.012-0.038). Guar gum type was also established to influence weight and thickness variation as well as disintegration and drug dissolution properties (p ranged 0.025-0.039). Influences of produ...
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