Glenn Fox was a professor in the Department of Food, Agricultural and Resource Economics from 1985 to 2020. Glenn completed his BSc and MSc in agricultural economics at the University of Guelph and his PhD in Economics and Agricultural Economics at the University of Minnesota. He served as the Research Program Director in the research partnership between the University of Guelph and the Ontario Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs for 10 years. He is a past editor of the Canadian Journal of Agricultural Economics. He serves on the boards of the Canadian Constitution Foundation, the Energy Probe Research Foundation and the Canadian Justice Review Board.
This paper reviews the rationale for policies aimed at limiting the conversion of farmland to non... more This paper reviews the rationale for policies aimed at limiting the conversion of farmland to nonfarm uses from the perspective of the economic theory of property rights. Policy measures to restrict the conversion of agricultural land to non-farm uses are commonplace in many countries. Typically, these policies are introduced to address long-run food security issues and possible externalities associated with incompatibility in land uses. The paper argues that the presence of externalities in the land market does not warrant farmland protection policies. Farmland protection policies in themselves can be a source of policy failure. It concludes that well-defined property rights along with nuisance and trespass laws, are necessary and sufficient for efficient allocation of land and can be a better alternative to farmland protection policies. EIENDOMSREGTE EN GRONDGEBRUIK REGULASIES: 'N VERGELYKENDE EVALUASIE Hierdie navorsing gee 'n oorsig oor beleid gemik op die omskakeling van boerderygrond na ander grondgebruike vanuit die ekonomiese teorie van eiendomsreg. Die argument word gevoer dat die voorkoms van eksternaliteite in die grondmark nie addisionele grondbeskermingsmaatreëls noodsaak nie.
Under Canada's Disaster Financial Assistance Arrangements (DFAA), the federal government can ... more Under Canada's Disaster Financial Assistance Arrangements (DFAA), the federal government can provide provinces with funds for emergency response and recovery in the event of a natural disaster. This assistance has historically been provided on an ad hoc basis. In recent years, the amount of DFAA assistance has significantly increased without any auditing to determine how effective and efficient these expenditures are in offsetting economic losses due to natural disasters. The goal of this paper is to examine the implications of natural disaster compensation and assistance programs for economic efficiency. A framework is developed to determine if government assistance expenditures have offset economic losses to a specific industry using a case study of the 1998 ice storm and the eastern Ontario maple syrup industry. Projections of damage recovery are used to measure the economic impact of the storm, and a comparison is then drawn between the change in producers' welfare and g...
In August, 1999, a telephone survey of maple producers in eastern Ontario was conducted in order ... more In August, 1999, a telephone survey of maple producers in eastern Ontario was conducted in order to gather information on the changes in their operations since the 1998 ice storm. This paper presents the findings of the survey. The results will be used in a larger study to examine the economic impact of the ice storm on maple producers in this region.
Weed control decision rules were derived for the application of postemergence herbicides to contr... more Weed control decision rules were derived for the application of postemergence herbicides to control pigweed species in soybean. Field experiments were conducted at two locations in 1992 and 1993 to evaluate soybean-pigweed interference. A damage function was determined that related yield loss to time of pigweed emergence, density, and soybean weed-free yield. A control function described pigweed species response to variable doses of imazethapyr and thifensulfuron. The integration of these two functions formed the basis of an economic model used to derive two weed control decision rules, the biologist's “threshold weed density” and the economist's “optimal dose.” Time of weed emergence had a more significant role than weed density in the economic model. Later-emerging pigweed caused less yield loss and therefore, decision rules lead to overuse of herbicides if emergence time is not considered. The selected herbicide dose influenced the outcome of the control function. Depending on the desired level of weed control, a herbicide could be chosen to either eradicate the escaped weed species (label or biologically-effective doses) or reduce the growth of the weed species and thereby offset interference (optimal dose). The development of a biologically-effective dose by weed species matrix was recommended. Decision rules should not be utilized as an exclusive weed management strategy but rather as a component of an integrated weed management program.
ECONOMIC MODELS FOR posed on the model and the characteristics of solutions which emerge, and (2)... more ECONOMIC MODELS FOR posed on the model and the characteristics of solutions which emerge, and (2) the information ASSESSING RESEARCH PRIORITIES required to employ the model for applied research budgeting questions.
This paper presents a set of arguments claiming that construction of the quarry near Flamborough,... more This paper presents a set of arguments claiming that construction of the quarry near Flamborough, Ontario proposed St. Mary’s Cement Inc. should not be permitted. First, the quarry would violate local citizens’ property rights, compromise community health and safety, and incur excessive economic costs. Precautionary measures are insufficient, such that the quarry is expected to irreparably damage drinking water and quality of life. Second, the area proposed for aggregate extraction is mostly undeveloped, containing unique, valuable natural features and ecological linkages. Despite regulation and monitoring according to the provincial Aggregate Resources Act, rehabilitation of the site after aggregate extraction would be inadequate in returning the land to its former condition. This will result in habitat fragmentation and loss of high quality farmland. Furthermore, the construction of the quarry is not permitted under current City of Hamilton zoning regulations; the City of Hamilton...
Arguments were presented in opposition to and in favour of St. Marys Cement Inc.’s proposal to co... more Arguments were presented in opposition to and in favour of St. Marys Cement Inc.’s proposal to construct a limestone quarry near Flamborough, Ontario as written reports and oral debates. This paper describes the development and implementation of a set of decision-making criteria that is used select the stronger of the two opinions. Measures were taken to limit bias in the adjudication process, maintain a high quality of referenced information, and establish a fair, comprehensive set of standards necessary for a convincing argument before the opposing arguments were presented. According to this set of decision-making criteria, the Opponents’ argument in opposition to the movement against development of the quarry was deemed most convincing. Although both parties structured arguments on social, economic, and environmental grounds, the arguments of the Opponents were stronger overall. Construction of the quarry is legal, and should be permitted as a benefit to the province of Ontario.
ABSTRACT The Canadian Farm Products Agencies Act (2012) requires that comparative advantage be us... more ABSTRACT The Canadian Farm Products Agencies Act (2012) requires that comparative advantage be used to guide the allocation of new quota under supply management. This requirement, however, has not been met in practice. Agricultural economists have proposed several ways of making this legal requirement operational. We review and evaluate these proposed approaches and find that quota prices are the only direct measure of comparative advantage in supply managed industries. We develop an agent-based general equilibrium model of quota exchange to illustrate the use of quota prices as indicators of comparative advantage. Our approach complements the proposal by Meilke (2009) to use quota prices as indicators of comparative advantage in supply managed industries and also addresses the concerns of Larue and Gervais (2008) that quota prices may not be theoretically consistent with comparative advantage. We also discuss potential practical challenges of using quota prices as indicators of comparative advantage in the Canadian supply managed industries. Finally, we provide an example of calculating provincial shares of new quota using recent quota price data according to two prototype decision rules.
This paper reports a new set of estimates of the returns to swine research in Canada. These estim... more This paper reports a new set of estimates of the returns to swine research in Canada. These estimates were obtained using Agriculture and Agrifood Canada's Canadian Regional Agricultural Model (CRAM). Positive Mathematical Programming was incorporated into the model for use in this study. The CRAM allows the effects of supply shifts from technological change in the hog industry to interact with product and factor market conditions in the rest of Canadian agriculture. Previous estimates of the returns to Canadian swine research were obtained with a partial equilibrium model that did not allow for intra-sectoral resource use adjustments. Extensive sensitivity analysis was conducted to examine the robustness of the return estimates under variations in some of the key assumptions employed in the analysis. The costs of public and private sector swine research were estimated. Public sector research costs were inclusive of the marginal excess burden of taxation. Overall, the estimated benefits from Canadian swine research were high relative to the estimated costs for the time period considered. The estimated returns obtained in this study were higher than those obtained in an earlier study that used a partial equilibrium approach, but the differences in returns are not solely attributable to this single change in the method used in the analysis. 7 In this study a "swine" is a pig (sow, boar, weaner piglet or market hog). A market hog is produced for meat and meat products.
Résumé/Abstract The value of weather forecast information to farmers is an important component of... more Résumé/Abstract The value of weather forecast information to farmers is an important component of program evaluation of weather information systems. No empirical studies have attempted to provide this kind of information for Canadian producers. In this study, a ...
This paper discusses the short-run dynamics of commodity prices. It deals with the interrelations... more This paper discusses the short-run dynamics of commodity prices. It deals with the interrelationships between price, inventory and price volatility as well as the effects of inventory and the producers' operating flexibility on the dynamics of price in the shortrun. It also illustrates how to model and estimate the stochastic process of commodity prices. We conclude that, in the short-run, producers' operating flexibility reduces price volatility when the spot price is higher than the threshold price causing expansion in the scale of operations. However, we also conclude that operating flexibility can increase price volatility when the spot price is lower than the threshold price resulting in a contraction of operations. We demonstrate the failure of currently used parametric models in describing the stochastic process of commodity prices and suggest using nonparametric methods. We also recommend including the time trend in such a model.
Under Canada's Disaster Financial Assistance Arrangements (DFAA), the federal government can prov... more Under Canada's Disaster Financial Assistance Arrangements (DFAA), the federal government can provide provinces with funds for emergency response and recovery in the event of a natural disaster. This assistance has historically been provided on an ad hoc basis. In recent years, the amount of DFAA assistance has significantly increased without any auditing to determine how effective and efficient these expenditures are in offsetting economic losses due to natural disasters. The goal of this paper is to examine the implications of natural disaster compensation and assistance programs for economic efficiency. A framework is developed to determine if government assistance expenditures have offset economic losses to a specific industry using a case study of the 1998 ice storm and the eastern Ontario maple syrup industry. Projections of damage recovery are used to measure the economic impact of the storm, and a comparison is then drawn between the change in producers' welfare and government assistance. The implications of the findings for the case study and for future natural disaster assistance programs in Canada are discussed.
Bovine Somatotropin (BST) is becoming a highly controversial technology even though it is not yet... more Bovine Somatotropin (BST) is becoming a highly controversial technology even though it is not yet available commercially. Some analysts suggest that the adjustment costs in the dairy industry could be large if BST is adopted. The objective of this paper is to determine the potential long-run economic impacts of BST on the Ontario dairy industry. Specifically, the paper measures BST's effect on dairy producer numbers, quota values and economic welfare. A microeconomic numerical simulation model is developed. The model is used to estimate long-run equilibrium conditions for specified values of explanatory variables and current technology. The model is then altered to simulate the impact of BST technology. The difference between the set of estimates represents the effects of BST technology. BST with widespread adoption is estimated to potentially cause a decrease of 5% in producer numbers, a 23% increase in quota values and an increase of $49 million a year in producer's surplus. L'emploi de la somatotrophine bovine (STB) alimente considkrablement la controverse, m6me si cette hormone n'est pas encore disponible dans le commerce. Certains analystes croient que I'adoption de la STB pourrait se traduire par une adaptation trks onereuse pour le secteur laitier. Le but du present document Ctait de determiner I'incidence 2 long terme potentielle de la somatotrophine sur l'tconomie du secteur laitier en Ontario. Plus prCci-sCment, on a cemC les consCquences de I'emploi de l'hormone sur le nombre de producteurs laitiers, la valeur des contingents et la vitalit6 Cconomiques du secteur. Un modkle numCrique de simulation micro-Cconomique a permis Cvaluer les conditions nCcessaires a la rCalisation d'un Cquilibre a long terme pour diverses valeurs de variables explicatives et pour les techniques existantes. Ce mod2le a ensuite Ct C modifiC pour simulerl'impact qu'aurait I'introduction de I'hormone. La diffkrence entre les deux ensembles de donnCes correspond a I'indicence de I'emploi de l'hormone. On estime que I'adoption gCnCrale de la somatotrophine rkduirait le nombre de producteurs d'environ 5 pour cent, augmenterait la valeur des contingents de 23 pour cent et permettrait aux exckdents de production d'augmenter de 49 millions de dollars par annke.
have provided us with an excellent overview of the harmonization of environmental regulations dir... more have provided us with an excellent overview of the harmonization of environmental regulations directed at primary agriculture in the context of trade treaties. Harmonization has a considerable popular following (Esty, 1994). Concerns about differences in environmental regulations were an important obstacle to achieving a resolution to the NAFTA negotiations and to securing passage of the relevant legislation by the signatories. This paper begins to de-mystify the concept of harmonization. It raises important and as yet unresolved conceptual issues. It identifies some lessons from the limited experience with the harmonization of environmental policies related to agriculture in the context of trade treaties.
La mala lectura conduce a problemas de investigación mal diagnosticados, a controversias sin fund... more La mala lectura conduce a problemas de investigación mal diagnosticados, a controversias sin fundamento alguno y a malentendidos crónicos entre los economistas. Además, impide el progreso científico de la economía.
Acronyms-Acknowledgements 3 Some longer term shifts in slaughter and processing activity may occu... more Acronyms-Acknowledgements 3 Some longer term shifts in slaughter and processing activity may occur as Mexico's consumption of beef and beef products grows. 4 For a recent analysis of the spatial dispersion of pollution, see G. Hauer (1997).
This paper reviews the rationale for policies aimed at limiting the conversion of farmland to non... more This paper reviews the rationale for policies aimed at limiting the conversion of farmland to nonfarm uses from the perspective of the economic theory of property rights. Policy measures to restrict the conversion of agricultural land to non-farm uses are commonplace in many countries. Typically, these policies are introduced to address long-run food security issues and possible externalities associated with incompatibility in land uses. The paper argues that the presence of externalities in the land market does not warrant farmland protection policies. Farmland protection policies in themselves can be a source of policy failure. It concludes that well-defined property rights along with nuisance and trespass laws, are necessary and sufficient for efficient allocation of land and can be a better alternative to farmland protection policies. EIENDOMSREGTE EN GRONDGEBRUIK REGULASIES: 'N VERGELYKENDE EVALUASIE Hierdie navorsing gee 'n oorsig oor beleid gemik op die omskakeling van boerderygrond na ander grondgebruike vanuit die ekonomiese teorie van eiendomsreg. Die argument word gevoer dat die voorkoms van eksternaliteite in die grondmark nie addisionele grondbeskermingsmaatreëls noodsaak nie.
Under Canada's Disaster Financial Assistance Arrangements (DFAA), the federal government can ... more Under Canada's Disaster Financial Assistance Arrangements (DFAA), the federal government can provide provinces with funds for emergency response and recovery in the event of a natural disaster. This assistance has historically been provided on an ad hoc basis. In recent years, the amount of DFAA assistance has significantly increased without any auditing to determine how effective and efficient these expenditures are in offsetting economic losses due to natural disasters. The goal of this paper is to examine the implications of natural disaster compensation and assistance programs for economic efficiency. A framework is developed to determine if government assistance expenditures have offset economic losses to a specific industry using a case study of the 1998 ice storm and the eastern Ontario maple syrup industry. Projections of damage recovery are used to measure the economic impact of the storm, and a comparison is then drawn between the change in producers' welfare and g...
In August, 1999, a telephone survey of maple producers in eastern Ontario was conducted in order ... more In August, 1999, a telephone survey of maple producers in eastern Ontario was conducted in order to gather information on the changes in their operations since the 1998 ice storm. This paper presents the findings of the survey. The results will be used in a larger study to examine the economic impact of the ice storm on maple producers in this region.
Weed control decision rules were derived for the application of postemergence herbicides to contr... more Weed control decision rules were derived for the application of postemergence herbicides to control pigweed species in soybean. Field experiments were conducted at two locations in 1992 and 1993 to evaluate soybean-pigweed interference. A damage function was determined that related yield loss to time of pigweed emergence, density, and soybean weed-free yield. A control function described pigweed species response to variable doses of imazethapyr and thifensulfuron. The integration of these two functions formed the basis of an economic model used to derive two weed control decision rules, the biologist's “threshold weed density” and the economist's “optimal dose.” Time of weed emergence had a more significant role than weed density in the economic model. Later-emerging pigweed caused less yield loss and therefore, decision rules lead to overuse of herbicides if emergence time is not considered. The selected herbicide dose influenced the outcome of the control function. Depending on the desired level of weed control, a herbicide could be chosen to either eradicate the escaped weed species (label or biologically-effective doses) or reduce the growth of the weed species and thereby offset interference (optimal dose). The development of a biologically-effective dose by weed species matrix was recommended. Decision rules should not be utilized as an exclusive weed management strategy but rather as a component of an integrated weed management program.
ECONOMIC MODELS FOR posed on the model and the characteristics of solutions which emerge, and (2)... more ECONOMIC MODELS FOR posed on the model and the characteristics of solutions which emerge, and (2) the information ASSESSING RESEARCH PRIORITIES required to employ the model for applied research budgeting questions.
This paper presents a set of arguments claiming that construction of the quarry near Flamborough,... more This paper presents a set of arguments claiming that construction of the quarry near Flamborough, Ontario proposed St. Mary’s Cement Inc. should not be permitted. First, the quarry would violate local citizens’ property rights, compromise community health and safety, and incur excessive economic costs. Precautionary measures are insufficient, such that the quarry is expected to irreparably damage drinking water and quality of life. Second, the area proposed for aggregate extraction is mostly undeveloped, containing unique, valuable natural features and ecological linkages. Despite regulation and monitoring according to the provincial Aggregate Resources Act, rehabilitation of the site after aggregate extraction would be inadequate in returning the land to its former condition. This will result in habitat fragmentation and loss of high quality farmland. Furthermore, the construction of the quarry is not permitted under current City of Hamilton zoning regulations; the City of Hamilton...
Arguments were presented in opposition to and in favour of St. Marys Cement Inc.’s proposal to co... more Arguments were presented in opposition to and in favour of St. Marys Cement Inc.’s proposal to construct a limestone quarry near Flamborough, Ontario as written reports and oral debates. This paper describes the development and implementation of a set of decision-making criteria that is used select the stronger of the two opinions. Measures were taken to limit bias in the adjudication process, maintain a high quality of referenced information, and establish a fair, comprehensive set of standards necessary for a convincing argument before the opposing arguments were presented. According to this set of decision-making criteria, the Opponents’ argument in opposition to the movement against development of the quarry was deemed most convincing. Although both parties structured arguments on social, economic, and environmental grounds, the arguments of the Opponents were stronger overall. Construction of the quarry is legal, and should be permitted as a benefit to the province of Ontario.
ABSTRACT The Canadian Farm Products Agencies Act (2012) requires that comparative advantage be us... more ABSTRACT The Canadian Farm Products Agencies Act (2012) requires that comparative advantage be used to guide the allocation of new quota under supply management. This requirement, however, has not been met in practice. Agricultural economists have proposed several ways of making this legal requirement operational. We review and evaluate these proposed approaches and find that quota prices are the only direct measure of comparative advantage in supply managed industries. We develop an agent-based general equilibrium model of quota exchange to illustrate the use of quota prices as indicators of comparative advantage. Our approach complements the proposal by Meilke (2009) to use quota prices as indicators of comparative advantage in supply managed industries and also addresses the concerns of Larue and Gervais (2008) that quota prices may not be theoretically consistent with comparative advantage. We also discuss potential practical challenges of using quota prices as indicators of comparative advantage in the Canadian supply managed industries. Finally, we provide an example of calculating provincial shares of new quota using recent quota price data according to two prototype decision rules.
This paper reports a new set of estimates of the returns to swine research in Canada. These estim... more This paper reports a new set of estimates of the returns to swine research in Canada. These estimates were obtained using Agriculture and Agrifood Canada's Canadian Regional Agricultural Model (CRAM). Positive Mathematical Programming was incorporated into the model for use in this study. The CRAM allows the effects of supply shifts from technological change in the hog industry to interact with product and factor market conditions in the rest of Canadian agriculture. Previous estimates of the returns to Canadian swine research were obtained with a partial equilibrium model that did not allow for intra-sectoral resource use adjustments. Extensive sensitivity analysis was conducted to examine the robustness of the return estimates under variations in some of the key assumptions employed in the analysis. The costs of public and private sector swine research were estimated. Public sector research costs were inclusive of the marginal excess burden of taxation. Overall, the estimated benefits from Canadian swine research were high relative to the estimated costs for the time period considered. The estimated returns obtained in this study were higher than those obtained in an earlier study that used a partial equilibrium approach, but the differences in returns are not solely attributable to this single change in the method used in the analysis. 7 In this study a "swine" is a pig (sow, boar, weaner piglet or market hog). A market hog is produced for meat and meat products.
Résumé/Abstract The value of weather forecast information to farmers is an important component of... more Résumé/Abstract The value of weather forecast information to farmers is an important component of program evaluation of weather information systems. No empirical studies have attempted to provide this kind of information for Canadian producers. In this study, a ...
This paper discusses the short-run dynamics of commodity prices. It deals with the interrelations... more This paper discusses the short-run dynamics of commodity prices. It deals with the interrelationships between price, inventory and price volatility as well as the effects of inventory and the producers' operating flexibility on the dynamics of price in the shortrun. It also illustrates how to model and estimate the stochastic process of commodity prices. We conclude that, in the short-run, producers' operating flexibility reduces price volatility when the spot price is higher than the threshold price causing expansion in the scale of operations. However, we also conclude that operating flexibility can increase price volatility when the spot price is lower than the threshold price resulting in a contraction of operations. We demonstrate the failure of currently used parametric models in describing the stochastic process of commodity prices and suggest using nonparametric methods. We also recommend including the time trend in such a model.
Under Canada's Disaster Financial Assistance Arrangements (DFAA), the federal government can prov... more Under Canada's Disaster Financial Assistance Arrangements (DFAA), the federal government can provide provinces with funds for emergency response and recovery in the event of a natural disaster. This assistance has historically been provided on an ad hoc basis. In recent years, the amount of DFAA assistance has significantly increased without any auditing to determine how effective and efficient these expenditures are in offsetting economic losses due to natural disasters. The goal of this paper is to examine the implications of natural disaster compensation and assistance programs for economic efficiency. A framework is developed to determine if government assistance expenditures have offset economic losses to a specific industry using a case study of the 1998 ice storm and the eastern Ontario maple syrup industry. Projections of damage recovery are used to measure the economic impact of the storm, and a comparison is then drawn between the change in producers' welfare and government assistance. The implications of the findings for the case study and for future natural disaster assistance programs in Canada are discussed.
Bovine Somatotropin (BST) is becoming a highly controversial technology even though it is not yet... more Bovine Somatotropin (BST) is becoming a highly controversial technology even though it is not yet available commercially. Some analysts suggest that the adjustment costs in the dairy industry could be large if BST is adopted. The objective of this paper is to determine the potential long-run economic impacts of BST on the Ontario dairy industry. Specifically, the paper measures BST's effect on dairy producer numbers, quota values and economic welfare. A microeconomic numerical simulation model is developed. The model is used to estimate long-run equilibrium conditions for specified values of explanatory variables and current technology. The model is then altered to simulate the impact of BST technology. The difference between the set of estimates represents the effects of BST technology. BST with widespread adoption is estimated to potentially cause a decrease of 5% in producer numbers, a 23% increase in quota values and an increase of $49 million a year in producer's surplus. L'emploi de la somatotrophine bovine (STB) alimente considkrablement la controverse, m6me si cette hormone n'est pas encore disponible dans le commerce. Certains analystes croient que I'adoption de la STB pourrait se traduire par une adaptation trks onereuse pour le secteur laitier. Le but du present document Ctait de determiner I'incidence 2 long terme potentielle de la somatotrophine sur l'tconomie du secteur laitier en Ontario. Plus prCci-sCment, on a cemC les consCquences de I'emploi de l'hormone sur le nombre de producteurs laitiers, la valeur des contingents et la vitalit6 Cconomiques du secteur. Un modkle numCrique de simulation micro-Cconomique a permis Cvaluer les conditions nCcessaires a la rCalisation d'un Cquilibre a long terme pour diverses valeurs de variables explicatives et pour les techniques existantes. Ce mod2le a ensuite Ct C modifiC pour simulerl'impact qu'aurait I'introduction de I'hormone. La diffkrence entre les deux ensembles de donnCes correspond a I'indicence de I'emploi de l'hormone. On estime que I'adoption gCnCrale de la somatotrophine rkduirait le nombre de producteurs d'environ 5 pour cent, augmenterait la valeur des contingents de 23 pour cent et permettrait aux exckdents de production d'augmenter de 49 millions de dollars par annke.
have provided us with an excellent overview of the harmonization of environmental regulations dir... more have provided us with an excellent overview of the harmonization of environmental regulations directed at primary agriculture in the context of trade treaties. Harmonization has a considerable popular following (Esty, 1994). Concerns about differences in environmental regulations were an important obstacle to achieving a resolution to the NAFTA negotiations and to securing passage of the relevant legislation by the signatories. This paper begins to de-mystify the concept of harmonization. It raises important and as yet unresolved conceptual issues. It identifies some lessons from the limited experience with the harmonization of environmental policies related to agriculture in the context of trade treaties.
La mala lectura conduce a problemas de investigación mal diagnosticados, a controversias sin fund... more La mala lectura conduce a problemas de investigación mal diagnosticados, a controversias sin fundamento alguno y a malentendidos crónicos entre los economistas. Además, impide el progreso científico de la economía.
Acronyms-Acknowledgements 3 Some longer term shifts in slaughter and processing activity may occu... more Acronyms-Acknowledgements 3 Some longer term shifts in slaughter and processing activity may occur as Mexico's consumption of beef and beef products grows. 4 For a recent analysis of the spatial dispersion of pollution, see G. Hauer (1997).
Uploads
Papers by Glenn C Fox