I did my PhD from Keele University UK in 2011. Currently working as Associate Professor of Computer Science at the Department of Computer Science and Information Technology, University of Malakand, Pakistan
Context Over the last decade, the widespread adoption of cloud computing has spawned a new branch... more Context Over the last decade, the widespread adoption of cloud computing has spawned a new branch of the computing industry, known as green cloud computing. Cloud computing is improving, and data centers are increasing at regular frequencies to meet the demands of users. Cloud providers, on the other hand, pose major environmental risks because massive data centers use a large amount of energy and leave a carbon footprint. One possible solution to this issue is the use of green cloud computing. However, clients face significant difficulties in adopting green cloud computing. Objective This study aims to understand the problems faced by client organizations while considering green cloud computing. In addition, this study aims to empirically identify the solution to the challenges faced by green cloud computing practitioners. Method A questionnaire survey approach was used to get insight into green cloud computing practitioners concerning the challenges they faced and their solutions....
The trend toward global software development (GSD) has grown tremendously in recent years because... more The trend toward global software development (GSD) has grown tremendously in recent years because of the rapid acceleration in information and communication technologies (ICTs). The reason for the changing trend toward GSD is to develop high‐quality software with minimum cost and time with round the clock. Despite the benefits gained from GSD, there are certain challenges associated with it. Literature reveals that software integration is an integral challenge in the GSD domain and vendors face numerous difficulties in integrating the software components to build the final product. The main aim of this research study is to develop a software integration model (SIM) that will assist GSD vendors to address the factors linked with various stages of software integration. This model is basically designed for GSD vendor organizations to assess and improve their software integration‐related activities. However, it is also beneficial for GSD client organizations in getting knowledge about t...
Complex IT outsourcing relationships aptitude several benefits such as increased cost likelihood ... more Complex IT outsourcing relationships aptitude several benefits such as increased cost likelihood and lowered costs, higher scalability and flexibility upon demand. However, by virtue of its complexity, the complex outsourcing typically necessitates the interactions among various stakeholders from diverse regions and cultures, making it significantly more challenging to manage than traditional outsourcing. Furthermore, when compared to other types of outsourcing, complex outsourcing is extremely difficult because it necessitates a variety of control and coordination mechanisms for project management, which proportionally increases the risk of project failure. In order to overcome the failure of projects in complex outsourcing relationships, there is a need of robust systematic research to identify the key challenges and practices in this area. Therefore, this research implements systematic literature review as a research method and works as a pioneer attempt to accomplish the aforeme...
Over the last decade, many firms in the world have started adopting Global Software Development (... more Over the last decade, many firms in the world have started adopting Global Software Development (GSD) in order to reduce software development cost, and access to qualified resources and modern technology. Due to the rapid development of ICTs, the GSD has become an acceptable business strategy with several paradigms. One of the rising business paradigms of GSD is Offshore Software Development Outsourcing (OSDO). The objective of this research is to provide mitigation advice for addressing communication and coordination challenges from vendors' perspectives in OSDO relationships. We have performed systematic literature review (SLR) process for identifying the practices/solutions for these challenges. We have identified 65 practices for addressing these challenges. This paper can help the OSDO vendor organizations to use the identified practices in order to address the communication and coordination challenges in OSDO relationships. Keywords—Global Software Development; Software Ou...
Software Outsourcing Partnership (SOP) is considered as a type of risk and reward sharing relatio... more Software Outsourcing Partnership (SOP) is considered as a type of risk and reward sharing relationship between a client organisation, in the developed countries, and its overseas vendor organisation. Regardless of numerous benefits, the development of SOP still remnants in its infancy stage due to several interactive barriers. Some studies have been conducted to examine the barriers to SOP formation. However, no attempt has been reported so far to explore the multifaceted interrelationships amongst them. To bridge the gap, this study implements Interpretive Structural Model (ISM) approach to reconnoitre the interrelationships amongst the barriers in the context of SOP formation. The objective of this research paper is to develop a framework for modelling structural association amongst the barriers. To achieve the objective, we used a hybrid methodology based on systematic literature review (SLR), empirical survey, and ISM. Firstly, via SLR study, we identified 27 barriers to SOP for...
Green and sustainable software development has emerged in recent years, and vendors are constantl... more Green and sustainable software development has emerged in recent years, and vendors are constantly striving to develop software that has a less hazardous impact on the environment, economy, and human beings. However, developing green software in the context of software multisourcing is not a risk‐free activity, and vendors are exposed to several challenges. The authors have conducted both a systematic literature review and an industrial survey to identify the challenges faced by multisourcing vendors in the development of green and sustainable software. The final publication sample for the systematic literature review is composed of 54 research papers. Similarly, the final sample of the industrial survey is composed of 108 relevant experts. The authors have identified a list of 14 challenges. Of these challenges/risk factors, 8 have been tagged as critical risk factors. These critical risk factors are “lack of green RE practices,” “high power consumption,” “high carbon emission thro...
Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Global Software Engineering, 2018
Software security is an important aspect that needs to be considered during the entire software d... more Software security is an important aspect that needs to be considered during the entire software development life cycle (SDLC). Integrating software security at each phase of SDLC has become an urgent need. To address software security, various approaches, techniques, methods, practices, and models have been proposed and developed. However, recent research shows that many software development methodologies do not explicitly include methods for incorporating software security during the development of software as it evolves from requirements engineering to its final disposal. The primary objective of this research is to study the state-of-the-art of security in the context of SDLC by following systematic mapping study (SMS). In the second phase, we will identify, through systematic literature review (SLR) and empirical study in the industry, the software security contributions, security challenges and their practices for global software development (GSD) vendors. The ultimate aim is to develop a Software Security Assurance Model (SSAM) to assist GSD vendor organisations in measuring their readiness towards the development of secure software.
Green and sustainable software development is the cry of the day and vendors are constantly striv... more Green and sustainable software development is the cry of the day and vendors are constantly striving to develop such software that have less hazardous impact on environment, economy and human beings. However developing green software in the context of software multi-sourcing is not a risk free activity. Software development multi-sourcing vendor organizations have focused on the adaptation of green practices in software development projects. In our previous study we have identified eight critical risk factors (CRFs) via systematic literature review (SLR) process, in the development of green and sustainable software. These CRFs are: ‘lack of green RE practices’, ‘high power consumption’, ‘high carbon emission throughout the software development’, ‘poor software design (architectural, logical, physical and user interface)’, ‘lack of ICTs for coordination and communication’, ‘high resources requirements’, ‘lack of coding standards’, and ‘lack of green software development knowledge’. T...
Context Over the last decade, the widespread adoption of cloud computing has spawned a new branch... more Context Over the last decade, the widespread adoption of cloud computing has spawned a new branch of the computing industry, known as green cloud computing. Cloud computing is improving, and data centers are increasing at regular frequencies to meet the demands of users. Cloud providers, on the other hand, pose major environmental risks because massive data centers use a large amount of energy and leave a carbon footprint. One possible solution to this issue is the use of green cloud computing. However, clients face significant difficulties in adopting green cloud computing. Objective This study aims to understand the problems faced by client organizations while considering green cloud computing. In addition, this study aims to empirically identify the solution to the challenges faced by green cloud computing practitioners. Method A questionnaire survey approach was used to get insight into green cloud computing practitioners concerning the challenges they faced and their solutions....
The trend toward global software development (GSD) has grown tremendously in recent years because... more The trend toward global software development (GSD) has grown tremendously in recent years because of the rapid acceleration in information and communication technologies (ICTs). The reason for the changing trend toward GSD is to develop high‐quality software with minimum cost and time with round the clock. Despite the benefits gained from GSD, there are certain challenges associated with it. Literature reveals that software integration is an integral challenge in the GSD domain and vendors face numerous difficulties in integrating the software components to build the final product. The main aim of this research study is to develop a software integration model (SIM) that will assist GSD vendors to address the factors linked with various stages of software integration. This model is basically designed for GSD vendor organizations to assess and improve their software integration‐related activities. However, it is also beneficial for GSD client organizations in getting knowledge about t...
Complex IT outsourcing relationships aptitude several benefits such as increased cost likelihood ... more Complex IT outsourcing relationships aptitude several benefits such as increased cost likelihood and lowered costs, higher scalability and flexibility upon demand. However, by virtue of its complexity, the complex outsourcing typically necessitates the interactions among various stakeholders from diverse regions and cultures, making it significantly more challenging to manage than traditional outsourcing. Furthermore, when compared to other types of outsourcing, complex outsourcing is extremely difficult because it necessitates a variety of control and coordination mechanisms for project management, which proportionally increases the risk of project failure. In order to overcome the failure of projects in complex outsourcing relationships, there is a need of robust systematic research to identify the key challenges and practices in this area. Therefore, this research implements systematic literature review as a research method and works as a pioneer attempt to accomplish the aforeme...
Over the last decade, many firms in the world have started adopting Global Software Development (... more Over the last decade, many firms in the world have started adopting Global Software Development (GSD) in order to reduce software development cost, and access to qualified resources and modern technology. Due to the rapid development of ICTs, the GSD has become an acceptable business strategy with several paradigms. One of the rising business paradigms of GSD is Offshore Software Development Outsourcing (OSDO). The objective of this research is to provide mitigation advice for addressing communication and coordination challenges from vendors' perspectives in OSDO relationships. We have performed systematic literature review (SLR) process for identifying the practices/solutions for these challenges. We have identified 65 practices for addressing these challenges. This paper can help the OSDO vendor organizations to use the identified practices in order to address the communication and coordination challenges in OSDO relationships. Keywords—Global Software Development; Software Ou...
Software Outsourcing Partnership (SOP) is considered as a type of risk and reward sharing relatio... more Software Outsourcing Partnership (SOP) is considered as a type of risk and reward sharing relationship between a client organisation, in the developed countries, and its overseas vendor organisation. Regardless of numerous benefits, the development of SOP still remnants in its infancy stage due to several interactive barriers. Some studies have been conducted to examine the barriers to SOP formation. However, no attempt has been reported so far to explore the multifaceted interrelationships amongst them. To bridge the gap, this study implements Interpretive Structural Model (ISM) approach to reconnoitre the interrelationships amongst the barriers in the context of SOP formation. The objective of this research paper is to develop a framework for modelling structural association amongst the barriers. To achieve the objective, we used a hybrid methodology based on systematic literature review (SLR), empirical survey, and ISM. Firstly, via SLR study, we identified 27 barriers to SOP for...
Green and sustainable software development has emerged in recent years, and vendors are constantl... more Green and sustainable software development has emerged in recent years, and vendors are constantly striving to develop software that has a less hazardous impact on the environment, economy, and human beings. However, developing green software in the context of software multisourcing is not a risk‐free activity, and vendors are exposed to several challenges. The authors have conducted both a systematic literature review and an industrial survey to identify the challenges faced by multisourcing vendors in the development of green and sustainable software. The final publication sample for the systematic literature review is composed of 54 research papers. Similarly, the final sample of the industrial survey is composed of 108 relevant experts. The authors have identified a list of 14 challenges. Of these challenges/risk factors, 8 have been tagged as critical risk factors. These critical risk factors are “lack of green RE practices,” “high power consumption,” “high carbon emission thro...
Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Global Software Engineering, 2018
Software security is an important aspect that needs to be considered during the entire software d... more Software security is an important aspect that needs to be considered during the entire software development life cycle (SDLC). Integrating software security at each phase of SDLC has become an urgent need. To address software security, various approaches, techniques, methods, practices, and models have been proposed and developed. However, recent research shows that many software development methodologies do not explicitly include methods for incorporating software security during the development of software as it evolves from requirements engineering to its final disposal. The primary objective of this research is to study the state-of-the-art of security in the context of SDLC by following systematic mapping study (SMS). In the second phase, we will identify, through systematic literature review (SLR) and empirical study in the industry, the software security contributions, security challenges and their practices for global software development (GSD) vendors. The ultimate aim is to develop a Software Security Assurance Model (SSAM) to assist GSD vendor organisations in measuring their readiness towards the development of secure software.
Green and sustainable software development is the cry of the day and vendors are constantly striv... more Green and sustainable software development is the cry of the day and vendors are constantly striving to develop such software that have less hazardous impact on environment, economy and human beings. However developing green software in the context of software multi-sourcing is not a risk free activity. Software development multi-sourcing vendor organizations have focused on the adaptation of green practices in software development projects. In our previous study we have identified eight critical risk factors (CRFs) via systematic literature review (SLR) process, in the development of green and sustainable software. These CRFs are: ‘lack of green RE practices’, ‘high power consumption’, ‘high carbon emission throughout the software development’, ‘poor software design (architectural, logical, physical and user interface)’, ‘lack of ICTs for coordination and communication’, ‘high resources requirements’, ‘lack of coding standards’, and ‘lack of green software development knowledge’. T...
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