Olives and Olive Oil in Health and Disease Prevention, 2021
Abstract Olive and olive oil (OO) are a fundamental component of the Mediterranean culture and cu... more Abstract Olive and olive oil (OO) are a fundamental component of the Mediterranean culture and cuisine. Diverse traditional medicines include olive and its oil as a vital ingredient for the formulation of concoctions useful against urinary tract infection, diabetes, high blood pressure, hair loss, diarrhea, gout, rheumatism, mouth, and as a skin cleanser in various parts of the world. The use of OO as a healthy culinary ingredient has remained in vogue compared to other cooking oils given its promising benefits on the cardiovascular system among other health benefits. Indeed, results derived from in vitro, in vivo, and clinical studies have validated the potential benefits of olive and OO for the cardiovascular system. In vitro, both the methanolic and the ethanolic leaf extract downregulate hydroxynonenal-induced p-MAPKAPK-2 and p-c-Jun. Olive and OO are rich in bioactive metabolites such as oleuropein (OLE), hydroxytyrosol, and polyphenols. Notably, OLE inhibits the excess production of reactive oxygen species and stabilized mitochondrial membrane potential following simulated ischemia-/reperfusion-induced cardiomyocyte injury. In vivo, OLE reduced the plasma lipid peroxidation products and protein carbonyl levels in rabbits alongside providing strong antioxidant protection. Interestingly, it can also reduce doxorubicin-related cardiotoxicity. Both hydroxytyrosol and OLE significantly reversed chronic inflammation and oxidative stress consequently reducing cardiovascular, hepatic, and metabolic symptoms. Polyphenols also reduce chronic inflammation and oxidative stress. In furtherance, extra-virgin oil has demonstrated both cholesterol and blood pressure lowering properties while clinically decreasing cardiovascular disease risk by at least 35%. Virgin OO provides benefits among patients with stable coronary heart disease and can be employed as a supplement in patients with this disease.
The chemical and pharmacological profiles of essential oils (EOs) hydrodistilled in yields of 0.0... more The chemical and pharmacological profiles of essential oils (EOs) hydrodistilled in yields of 0.03–0.77 % (w/w) from three exotic (Cinnamomum camphora, Petroselinum crispum, and Syzygium samarangense) and two endemic (Pittosporum senacia subsp. senacia and Syzygium coriaceum) medicinal plants were studied. GC‐MS/GC‐FID analysis of the EOs identified the most dominant components to be myristicin (40.3 %), myrcene (62.2 %), 1,8‐cineole (54.0 %), β‐pinene (21.3 %) and (E)‐β‐ocimene (24.4 %) in P. crispum, P. senacia and C. camphora, S. samarangense and S. coriaceum EOs, respectively. All EOs were found to possess anti‐amylase (0.70–1.50 mM ACAE/g EO) and anti‐tyrosinase (109.35–158.23 mg KAE/g) properties, whereas no glucosidase inhibition was displayed. Only Syzygium EOs acted as dual inhibitors of both acetyl‐ and butyryl‐cholinesterases, while P. senacia and C. camphora EOs inhibited acetylcholinesterase selectively and P. crispum EO was inactive (AChE: 4.64–4.96 mg GALAE/g; BChE: 5...
Calendula officinalis L., commonly known as pot marigold, is a popular ornamental and highly medi... more Calendula officinalis L., commonly known as pot marigold, is a popular ornamental and highly medicinal plant. In fact, it is well recognized for its wide‐ranging therapeutic effects conducive to wound healing and for treating various illnesses. In this study, the essential oils from flowers and leaves of C. officinalis were analysed for their chemical constituents and screened for their in vitro antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory properties. Thirty compounds were found in common in both essential oils, with the sesquiterpene alcohol, α‐cadinol as the most abundant compound (leaf: 32.3% and flower: 31.3%, respectively). Besides, the essential oils were found to possess antioxidant capacity through free radical scavenging and reducing mechanisms (DPPH: 2.94, 1.52 mg trolox equivalent (TE)/g of oil; ABTS: 20.72, 2.86 mg TE/g; CUPRAC: 31.16, 47.98 mg TE/g; FRAP: 24.84, 23.42 mg TE/g; phosphomolybdenum: 4.01, 4.68 mmol TE/g for leaves and flowers essential oils, respectively). Moreover, the essential oils (leaves and flowers, respectively) were found to inhibit all the tested enzymes, namely amylase (0.46, 0.42 mmol acarbose equivalent (ACAE)/g), glucosidase (1.35, 1.31 mmol ACAE/g), acetylcholinesterase (2.48, 2.36 mg galantamine (GALAE)/g) and butyrylcholinesterase (8.13, 8.20 mg GALAE/g) and tyrosinase (47.73, 54.36 mg kojic acid equivalent/g). Molecular docking was also performed revealing the compounds neophytadiene and α‐humulene to show the highest binding affinity with tyrosinase. Therefore, the obtained results demonstrated some appealing activities of C officinalis essential oils as natural pharmacological agents that could be valuable for the potential development of phyto‐formulations against the herein targeted diseases and especially for cosmeceutical applications.
Fragrance is an integral part of cosmetic products and is often regarded as an overriding factor ... more Fragrance is an integral part of cosmetic products and is often regarded as an overriding factor in the selection of cosmetics among consumers. Fragrances also play a considerable role in masking undesirable smells arising from fatty acids, oils and surfactants that are commonly used in cosmetic formulations. Essential oils are vital assets in the cosmetic industry, as along with imparting pleasant aromas in different products, they are able to act as preservatives and active agents and, simultaneously, offer various benefits to the skin. Moreover, the stimulating demand for natural ingredients has contributed massively to a renewed interest in cosmetic and wellness industries in plant derivatives, especially essential oils. This has led popular cosmetic companies to endorse natural fragrances and opt for minimally processed natural ingredients, given the potentially adverse health risks associated with artificial fragrance chemicals, which are major elements of cosmetics. Among the...
In this study, the total phenolic and flavonoid contents, HPLC‐DAD detected phytochemicals, antio... more In this study, the total phenolic and flavonoid contents, HPLC‐DAD detected phytochemicals, antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory potential of methanolic and aqueous (as infusion) extracts of the medicinal plant, Anthocleista djalonensis (leaf and stem bark) collected from two locations, Mafiblé and Prikro, in Ivory Coast, were investigated. The ranges of total phenolic and flavonoid contents obtained were 14.17–46.95 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/g and 2.96–34.76 mg rutin equivalent (RE)/g, respectively. Antioxidant abilities in terms of radical scavenging, reducing and metal chelating activity of the extracts in different assays were as follows: DPPH (4.90–48.82 mg trolox equivalent [TE]/g), ABTS (21.05–81.89 mg TE/g), CUPRAC (29.54–122.33 mg TE/g), FRAP (17.53–94.06 mg TE/g) and metal chelating (10.09–28.49 mg EDTAE/g. The extracts of A. djalonensis collected from Mafiblé, especially those of stem bark, contained higher level of total bioactive contents compared to Prikro extracts,...
In this study, 10 essential oils (EOs), from nine plants (Cinnamomum camphora, Curcuma longa, Cit... more In this study, 10 essential oils (EOs), from nine plants (Cinnamomum camphora, Curcuma longa, Citrus aurantium, Morinda citrifolia, Petroselinum crispum, Plectranthus amboinicus, Pittosporum senacia, Syzygium coriaceum, and Syzygium samarangense) were assessed for their antimicrobial, antiaging and antiproliferative properties. While only S. coriaceum, P. amboinicus (MIC: 0.50 mg/mL) and M. citrifolia (MIC: 2 mg/mL) EOs showed activity against Cutibacterium acnes, all EOs except S. samarangense EO demonstrated activity against Mycobacterium smegmatis (MIC: 0.125–0.50 mg/mL). The EOs were either fungistatic or fungicidal against one or both tested Candida species with minimum inhibitory/fungicidal concentrations of 0.016–32 mg/mL. The EOs also inhibited one or both key enzymes involved in skin aging, elastase and collagenase (IC50: 89.22–459.2 µg/mL; 0.17–0.18 mg/mL, respectively). Turmerone, previously identified in the C. longa EO, showed the highest binding affinity with the enzym...
The bioactive content, antioxidant properties, and enzyme inhibition properties of extracts of Al... more The bioactive content, antioxidant properties, and enzyme inhibition properties of extracts of Alcea fasciculiflora from Turkey prepared with different solvents (water, methanol, ethyl acetate) and extraction methods (maceration, soxhlet, homogenizer assisted extraction, and ultrasound assisted extraction) were examined in this study. UHPLC-HRMS analysis detected or annotated a total of 50 compounds in A. fasciculiflora extracts, including 18 hydroxybenzoic and hydroxycinnamic acids, 7 Hexaric acids, 7 Coumarins, 15 Flavonoids, and 3 hydroxycinnamic acid amides. The extracts had phenolic and flavonoid levels ranging from 14.25 to 24.87 mg GAE/g and 1.68 to 25.26 mg RE/g, respectively, in the analysis. Both DPPH and ABTS tests revealed radical scavenging capabilities (between 2.63 and 35.33 mg TE/g and between 13.46 and 76.27 mg TE/g, respectively). The extracts had reducing properties (CUPRAC: 40.38–78 TE/g and FRAP: 17.51–42.58 TE/g). The extracts showed metal chelating activity (1...
In this study, the methanolic and infusion extracts of two species, Thymbra capitata and Thymus s... more In this study, the methanolic and infusion extracts of two species, Thymbra capitata and Thymus sipyleus subsp. rosulans, were tested for their chemical composition and biological abilities (antioxidant, enzyme inhibitory and anti-inflammatory effects). The extracts yielded total phenolic and flavonoid contents in the range of 83.43–127.52 mg GAE/g and 9.41–46.34 mg RE/g, respectively. HPLC analysis revealed rosmarinic acid to be a major component of the studied extracts (15.85–26.43%). The best ABTS radical scavenging ability was observed in the methanol extract of T. capitata with 379.11 mg TE/g, followed by in the methanol extract of T. sipylus (360.93 mg TE/g). In the CUPRAC assay, the highest reducing ability was also found in the methanol extract of T. capitata with 802.22 mg TE/g. The phosphomolybdenum ability ranged from 2.39 to 3.61 mmol TE/g. In terms of tyrosinase inhibitory effects, the tested methanol extracts (83.18–89.66 mg KAE/g) were higher than the tested water ext...
Astragalus L. (Fabaceae) is an important genus with numerous species having various traditional m... more Astragalus L. (Fabaceae) is an important genus with numerous species having various traditional medicinal uses making them of interest for scientific investigations to ascertain their therapeutic benefits. In the present study, the quantitative polyphenolic profiles of methanolic extracts from different parts (leaves, flowers, and roots) of two endemic Astragalus species growing in Turkey, i.e. A. campylosema Boiss. and A. hirsutus Vahl were determined, along with their antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory properties. A. campylosema and A. hirsutus extracts showed varying total phenolic (25.80-40.60 and18.59-29.46 mg GAE/g, respectively) and total flavonoid (11.21-105.91 and 16.06-131.91 mg RE/g, respectively) contents. HPLC-MS/MS revealed rutin to be the predominant phenolic compound in all the extracts of A. campylosema and leaf extract of A. hirsutus (133.53-752.42 μg g-1), while hyperoside was the major one in the flower and root extracts of A. hirsutus (2014.07 and 123.13 μg g-1, respectively). In DPPH and ABTS assays, radical scavenging capacity was demonstrated by all extracts of A. campylosema (47.13-48.10 and 87.03-115.36 mg TE/g, respectively) and A. hirsutus (17.82-38.67 and 47.84-57.29 mg TE/g, respectively). Reducing activity was also displayed by the extracts in CUPRAC and FRAP assays (A. campylosema: 83.06-135.20 and 59.15-90.19 mg TE/g, respectively; A. hirsutus: 53.02-83.42 and 31.25-43.25 mg TE/g, respectively). All extracts were also found to act as metal chelators (12.32-21.45 mg EDTAE/g) and exhibited total antioxidant capacity ranging from 1.16 to 1.60 mmol TE/g, in phosphomolybdenum assay. Acetyl- and butyryl-cholinesterase inhibitory effects were observed by all the extracts of the two species (1.56-4.99 mg GALAE/g). Anti-hyperpigmentation potential by inhibiting tyrosinase (54.55-67.35 mg KAE/g) was reported as well. Carbohydrate hydrolyzing enzymes, amylase and glucosidase were also inhibited (0.22-1.03 mmol ACAE/g). Overall, A. campylosema extracts showed relatively better antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory potentials compared to A. hirsutus extracts. Strikingly, A. hirsutus extracts was found to have higher AGE inhibition activity than A. campylosema. Although the cytotoxic effect of three different organs obtained from A. campylosema and A. hirsutus increased depending on the dose (from 10 to 200 μg/mL), it was found that both plant extracts did not show a genotoxic effect at the highest concentration of 200 μg/mL. Indeed, data amassed from this current scientific work showed the two selected Astragalus species to be rich in bioactive polyphenols that could be responsible for the various pharmacological activities and hence demands to be further explored for their possible applications as natural health promoting agents.
The genus Acacia (Family Leguminosae) is composed of several medicinal plants used for treating m... more The genus Acacia (Family Leguminosae) is composed of several medicinal plants used for treating miscellaneous diseases. Amid the important members of this genus, A. nilotica and A. ataxacantha are widely employed for their tremendous healing properties. Hence, this present work aimed to determine the total phenolic and flavonoid contents and investigate the antioxidant, antiproliferative, anti-enzyme and antimicrobial potentials of methanolic and water extracts of leaves and stem bark of A. nilotica and A. ataxacantha obtained by maceration and ultrasonication. The total phenolic and flavonoid contents were obtained in the range of 33.35-116.60 mg GAE/g and 0.26-49.90 mg RE/g, respectively, with the methanolic leaf extracts of both species showing the highest contents. Moreover, the methanolic extracts were observed to display higher antioxidant potentials in almost all antioxidant assays performed compared to the water extracts (ABTS: 52.66-943.81 mg TE/g, DPPH: 8.51-493.90 mg TE/g, CUPRAC: 106.39-1193.75 mg TE/g; FRAP: 31.38-416.21 mg TE/g, and phosphomolybdenum: 0.90-4.17 mM TE/g). However, the water extracts were seen to be better metal chelators than the methanolic extracts (8.47-36.85 mg EDTAE/g). Additionally, all extracts were found to exhibit anti-tyrosinase (30.79-74.80 mg KAE/g) and anti-amylase (0.10-1.10 mM ACAE/g) properties. With the exception of a few extracts, glucosidase and acetylcholinesterase inhibitions (1.69-2.12 mg ACAE/g and 0.42-2.61 mg GALAE/g, respectively) were also demonstrated. While the methanolic extracts of both species showed antimicrobial potency against all the 18 tested microorganisms (gram positive, gram negative, and fungi), the water extracts were effective only against the gram positive bacteria. The extracts were also found to exhibit antiproliferative effects on SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells, with the methanolic extracts showing higher cytotoxic potential than the water extracts. Therefore, this study showed these species to be good sources of antioxidants, enzyme inhibitors, antimicrobials and antiproliferative agents, which could be of great interest for their applications as natural bioactive ingredients in the development of pharmaceuticals and nutraceuticals.
Alchornea cordifolia (Schumach. & Thonn.) Müll. Arg. is a well-known African medicinal plant trad... more Alchornea cordifolia (Schumach. & Thonn.) Müll. Arg. is a well-known African medicinal plant traditionally used for various healing purposes. In the present study, methanolic, ethyl acetate and infusion extracts of A. cordifolia leaves were studied for their total phenolic and flavonoid contents and screened for their chemical composition. Moreover, the enzyme (acetyl- and butyryl-cholinesterases, α-amylase, α-glucosidase, and tyrosinase) inhibitory and cytotoxicity activities on HepG2: human hepatocellular carcinoma cells, B16 4A5: murine melanoma cells, and S17: murine bone marrow (normal) cells of extracts were evaluated. Finally, components-targets and docking analyzes were conducted with the aim to unravel the putative mechanisms underlying the observed bio-pharmacological effects. Interestingly, the infusion and methanolic extracts showed significantly higher total phenolic and flavonoid contents compared with the ethyl acetate extract (TPC: 120.38–213.12 mg GAE/g and TFC: 9.6...
In the present study, the extracts of Cytinus hypocistis (L.) L using both traditional solvents (... more In the present study, the extracts of Cytinus hypocistis (L.) L using both traditional solvents (hexane, ethyl acetate, dichloromethane, ethanol, ethanol/water, and water) and natural deep eutectic solvents (NADESs) were investigated in terms of their total polyphenolic contents and antioxidant and enzyme-inhibitive properties. The extracts were found to possess total phenolic and total flavonoid contents in the ranges of 26.47–186.13 mg GAE/g and 0.68–12.55 mg RE/g, respectively. Higher total phenolic contents were obtained for NADES extracts. Compositional differences were reported in relation to antioxidant potential studied by several assays (DPPH: 70.19–939.35 mg TE/g, ABTS: 172.56–4026.50 mg TE/g; CUPRAC: 97.41–1730.38 mg TE/g, FRAP: 84.11–1534.85 mg TE/g). Application of NADESs (choline chloride—urea 1:2, a so-called Reline) allowed one to obtain the highest number of extracts having antioxidant potential in the radical scavenging and reducing assays. NADES-B (protonated by H...
Abstract Crinum asiaticum L. (Amaryllidaceae), also known as poison bulb or spider lily, is a per... more Abstract Crinum asiaticum L. (Amaryllidaceae), also known as poison bulb or spider lily, is a perennial bulbous herb bearing feathery green leaves, employed to induce emesis during poisoning. In Ayurveda, it is called ‘naagadami’, in Malaysia, the natives refer to it as ‘bakong’, ‘morabau’ is its name in Papua New Guinea, and it is known as ‘lys’ or ‘lis sauvage’ in Mauritius. In ethnomedicine, it is employed to relieve anguish from a plethora of ailment conditions such as boils, contusions, earache, edema, fever, fractures, gastrointestinal complaints, hernia, mumps, rheumatism, tonsillitis, urinary difficulties and vomiting, amongst others. It is economically valuable due to its medicinal and ornamental attributes. Given the lack of an updated comprehensive one stop documentation on this species, this review aims to compile its morphological characteristics, geographical distribution, as well as its traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacological properties and toxicity potential. While the extracts of C. asiaticum were found to be particularly rich in alkaloids, chemical analysis of essential oils obtained from C. asiaticum revealed the presence of miscellaneous components including alcohols, phenolics, fatty acids, esters, aldehydes, terpenoids and terpenes. Extracts and compounds from C. asiaticum have been evaluated for their antioxidant, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, anti-plasmodial, cytotoxicity, anti-cancer and antimicrobial properties. Only one clinical study has showed that repeated and single cutaneous applications of the extract under the occlusive patch did not provoke any cumulative irritation and sensitization reactions. In conclusion, this plant holds promising pharmacological properties that deserves renewed attention, especially with regard to its toxicity that could be significant in the development of phytopharmaceuticals.
In this study, phytochemical and pharmacological screening of the aerial part and roots extracts ... more In this study, phytochemical and pharmacological screening of the aerial part and roots extracts from Doronicum orientale Hoffm. (Asteraceae) was carried out. Plant extracts were obtained using solvents of different polarity (hexane, ethyl acetate, ethanol, ethanol/water, water) for selection the most optimal solvent for the extraction of active compounds. For instance, the extracts yielded total phenolic and flavonoid contents in the range of 12.13–45.67 mg GAE/g and 0.75–12.44 mg QE/g, respectively, while the total antioxidant capacity of the extracts determined by the phosphomolybdenum assay ranged from 0.88–2.53 mmol TE/g. HPLC/MS/MS analysis revealed 5‐caffeoylquinic acid (2.52–337.05 μg/g) and 3,5‐dicaffeoylquinic acid (3.12–299.36 μg/g) to be the major components present in the investigated extracts. Antioxidant activity in terms of radical scavenging ability of the extracts ranged from 0.82–45.56 mg TE/g in DPPH assay and from 5.07–104.58 mg TE/g in ABTS assay. The tested extracts were found to inhibit acetylcholinesterase (aerial part: 0.50–2.33 mg GALAE/g; roots: 0.40–2.43 mg GALAE/g), while with the exception of the water extracts, the other extracts showed butyrylcholinesterase inhibition (aerial part: 2.46–5.02 mg GALAE/g; root: 2.93–4.17 mg GALAE/g). Overall, this study presented an interesting scope of this species in phytomedicine with preliminary data demonstrating some of the tested extracts to possess high bioactive contents, antioxidant potential and enzyme inhibitory activity. Thus, additional investigations are necessary to confirm their safety in herbal drug applications.
Drimia maritima (L.) Stearn (squill), belonging to the Asparagaceae family, is acknowledged as a ... more Drimia maritima (L.) Stearn (squill), belonging to the Asparagaceae family, is acknowledged as a medicinally valuable species from the Drimia genera. In this study, water, methanol, and ethyl acetate extracts of D. maritima aerial parts and bulbs were investigated for their polyphenols profile and evaluated for their antioxidant and enzyme inhibition properties. Phenolics were profiled through an untargeted metabolomics approach using an ultra-high pressure liquid chromatograph coupled to quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QTOF-MS). This analysis revealed an enrichment of low molecular weight phenolics and flavonoids in the aerial parts of D. maritima, while lignans mainly characterized bulb extracts. Antioxidant capacity was investigated by different assays, including phosphomolybdenum assays, radical scavenging (DPPH: 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl; ABTS: 2,2’-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)), as well as reducing ability (CUPRAC: cupric reducing an...
Olives and Olive Oil in Health and Disease Prevention, 2021
Abstract Olive and olive oil (OO) are a fundamental component of the Mediterranean culture and cu... more Abstract Olive and olive oil (OO) are a fundamental component of the Mediterranean culture and cuisine. Diverse traditional medicines include olive and its oil as a vital ingredient for the formulation of concoctions useful against urinary tract infection, diabetes, high blood pressure, hair loss, diarrhea, gout, rheumatism, mouth, and as a skin cleanser in various parts of the world. The use of OO as a healthy culinary ingredient has remained in vogue compared to other cooking oils given its promising benefits on the cardiovascular system among other health benefits. Indeed, results derived from in vitro, in vivo, and clinical studies have validated the potential benefits of olive and OO for the cardiovascular system. In vitro, both the methanolic and the ethanolic leaf extract downregulate hydroxynonenal-induced p-MAPKAPK-2 and p-c-Jun. Olive and OO are rich in bioactive metabolites such as oleuropein (OLE), hydroxytyrosol, and polyphenols. Notably, OLE inhibits the excess production of reactive oxygen species and stabilized mitochondrial membrane potential following simulated ischemia-/reperfusion-induced cardiomyocyte injury. In vivo, OLE reduced the plasma lipid peroxidation products and protein carbonyl levels in rabbits alongside providing strong antioxidant protection. Interestingly, it can also reduce doxorubicin-related cardiotoxicity. Both hydroxytyrosol and OLE significantly reversed chronic inflammation and oxidative stress consequently reducing cardiovascular, hepatic, and metabolic symptoms. Polyphenols also reduce chronic inflammation and oxidative stress. In furtherance, extra-virgin oil has demonstrated both cholesterol and blood pressure lowering properties while clinically decreasing cardiovascular disease risk by at least 35%. Virgin OO provides benefits among patients with stable coronary heart disease and can be employed as a supplement in patients with this disease.
The chemical and pharmacological profiles of essential oils (EOs) hydrodistilled in yields of 0.0... more The chemical and pharmacological profiles of essential oils (EOs) hydrodistilled in yields of 0.03–0.77 % (w/w) from three exotic (Cinnamomum camphora, Petroselinum crispum, and Syzygium samarangense) and two endemic (Pittosporum senacia subsp. senacia and Syzygium coriaceum) medicinal plants were studied. GC‐MS/GC‐FID analysis of the EOs identified the most dominant components to be myristicin (40.3 %), myrcene (62.2 %), 1,8‐cineole (54.0 %), β‐pinene (21.3 %) and (E)‐β‐ocimene (24.4 %) in P. crispum, P. senacia and C. camphora, S. samarangense and S. coriaceum EOs, respectively. All EOs were found to possess anti‐amylase (0.70–1.50 mM ACAE/g EO) and anti‐tyrosinase (109.35–158.23 mg KAE/g) properties, whereas no glucosidase inhibition was displayed. Only Syzygium EOs acted as dual inhibitors of both acetyl‐ and butyryl‐cholinesterases, while P. senacia and C. camphora EOs inhibited acetylcholinesterase selectively and P. crispum EO was inactive (AChE: 4.64–4.96 mg GALAE/g; BChE: 5...
Calendula officinalis L., commonly known as pot marigold, is a popular ornamental and highly medi... more Calendula officinalis L., commonly known as pot marigold, is a popular ornamental and highly medicinal plant. In fact, it is well recognized for its wide‐ranging therapeutic effects conducive to wound healing and for treating various illnesses. In this study, the essential oils from flowers and leaves of C. officinalis were analysed for their chemical constituents and screened for their in vitro antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory properties. Thirty compounds were found in common in both essential oils, with the sesquiterpene alcohol, α‐cadinol as the most abundant compound (leaf: 32.3% and flower: 31.3%, respectively). Besides, the essential oils were found to possess antioxidant capacity through free radical scavenging and reducing mechanisms (DPPH: 2.94, 1.52 mg trolox equivalent (TE)/g of oil; ABTS: 20.72, 2.86 mg TE/g; CUPRAC: 31.16, 47.98 mg TE/g; FRAP: 24.84, 23.42 mg TE/g; phosphomolybdenum: 4.01, 4.68 mmol TE/g for leaves and flowers essential oils, respectively). Moreover, the essential oils (leaves and flowers, respectively) were found to inhibit all the tested enzymes, namely amylase (0.46, 0.42 mmol acarbose equivalent (ACAE)/g), glucosidase (1.35, 1.31 mmol ACAE/g), acetylcholinesterase (2.48, 2.36 mg galantamine (GALAE)/g) and butyrylcholinesterase (8.13, 8.20 mg GALAE/g) and tyrosinase (47.73, 54.36 mg kojic acid equivalent/g). Molecular docking was also performed revealing the compounds neophytadiene and α‐humulene to show the highest binding affinity with tyrosinase. Therefore, the obtained results demonstrated some appealing activities of C officinalis essential oils as natural pharmacological agents that could be valuable for the potential development of phyto‐formulations against the herein targeted diseases and especially for cosmeceutical applications.
Fragrance is an integral part of cosmetic products and is often regarded as an overriding factor ... more Fragrance is an integral part of cosmetic products and is often regarded as an overriding factor in the selection of cosmetics among consumers. Fragrances also play a considerable role in masking undesirable smells arising from fatty acids, oils and surfactants that are commonly used in cosmetic formulations. Essential oils are vital assets in the cosmetic industry, as along with imparting pleasant aromas in different products, they are able to act as preservatives and active agents and, simultaneously, offer various benefits to the skin. Moreover, the stimulating demand for natural ingredients has contributed massively to a renewed interest in cosmetic and wellness industries in plant derivatives, especially essential oils. This has led popular cosmetic companies to endorse natural fragrances and opt for minimally processed natural ingredients, given the potentially adverse health risks associated with artificial fragrance chemicals, which are major elements of cosmetics. Among the...
In this study, the total phenolic and flavonoid contents, HPLC‐DAD detected phytochemicals, antio... more In this study, the total phenolic and flavonoid contents, HPLC‐DAD detected phytochemicals, antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory potential of methanolic and aqueous (as infusion) extracts of the medicinal plant, Anthocleista djalonensis (leaf and stem bark) collected from two locations, Mafiblé and Prikro, in Ivory Coast, were investigated. The ranges of total phenolic and flavonoid contents obtained were 14.17–46.95 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/g and 2.96–34.76 mg rutin equivalent (RE)/g, respectively. Antioxidant abilities in terms of radical scavenging, reducing and metal chelating activity of the extracts in different assays were as follows: DPPH (4.90–48.82 mg trolox equivalent [TE]/g), ABTS (21.05–81.89 mg TE/g), CUPRAC (29.54–122.33 mg TE/g), FRAP (17.53–94.06 mg TE/g) and metal chelating (10.09–28.49 mg EDTAE/g. The extracts of A. djalonensis collected from Mafiblé, especially those of stem bark, contained higher level of total bioactive contents compared to Prikro extracts,...
In this study, 10 essential oils (EOs), from nine plants (Cinnamomum camphora, Curcuma longa, Cit... more In this study, 10 essential oils (EOs), from nine plants (Cinnamomum camphora, Curcuma longa, Citrus aurantium, Morinda citrifolia, Petroselinum crispum, Plectranthus amboinicus, Pittosporum senacia, Syzygium coriaceum, and Syzygium samarangense) were assessed for their antimicrobial, antiaging and antiproliferative properties. While only S. coriaceum, P. amboinicus (MIC: 0.50 mg/mL) and M. citrifolia (MIC: 2 mg/mL) EOs showed activity against Cutibacterium acnes, all EOs except S. samarangense EO demonstrated activity against Mycobacterium smegmatis (MIC: 0.125–0.50 mg/mL). The EOs were either fungistatic or fungicidal against one or both tested Candida species with minimum inhibitory/fungicidal concentrations of 0.016–32 mg/mL. The EOs also inhibited one or both key enzymes involved in skin aging, elastase and collagenase (IC50: 89.22–459.2 µg/mL; 0.17–0.18 mg/mL, respectively). Turmerone, previously identified in the C. longa EO, showed the highest binding affinity with the enzym...
The bioactive content, antioxidant properties, and enzyme inhibition properties of extracts of Al... more The bioactive content, antioxidant properties, and enzyme inhibition properties of extracts of Alcea fasciculiflora from Turkey prepared with different solvents (water, methanol, ethyl acetate) and extraction methods (maceration, soxhlet, homogenizer assisted extraction, and ultrasound assisted extraction) were examined in this study. UHPLC-HRMS analysis detected or annotated a total of 50 compounds in A. fasciculiflora extracts, including 18 hydroxybenzoic and hydroxycinnamic acids, 7 Hexaric acids, 7 Coumarins, 15 Flavonoids, and 3 hydroxycinnamic acid amides. The extracts had phenolic and flavonoid levels ranging from 14.25 to 24.87 mg GAE/g and 1.68 to 25.26 mg RE/g, respectively, in the analysis. Both DPPH and ABTS tests revealed radical scavenging capabilities (between 2.63 and 35.33 mg TE/g and between 13.46 and 76.27 mg TE/g, respectively). The extracts had reducing properties (CUPRAC: 40.38–78 TE/g and FRAP: 17.51–42.58 TE/g). The extracts showed metal chelating activity (1...
In this study, the methanolic and infusion extracts of two species, Thymbra capitata and Thymus s... more In this study, the methanolic and infusion extracts of two species, Thymbra capitata and Thymus sipyleus subsp. rosulans, were tested for their chemical composition and biological abilities (antioxidant, enzyme inhibitory and anti-inflammatory effects). The extracts yielded total phenolic and flavonoid contents in the range of 83.43–127.52 mg GAE/g and 9.41–46.34 mg RE/g, respectively. HPLC analysis revealed rosmarinic acid to be a major component of the studied extracts (15.85–26.43%). The best ABTS radical scavenging ability was observed in the methanol extract of T. capitata with 379.11 mg TE/g, followed by in the methanol extract of T. sipylus (360.93 mg TE/g). In the CUPRAC assay, the highest reducing ability was also found in the methanol extract of T. capitata with 802.22 mg TE/g. The phosphomolybdenum ability ranged from 2.39 to 3.61 mmol TE/g. In terms of tyrosinase inhibitory effects, the tested methanol extracts (83.18–89.66 mg KAE/g) were higher than the tested water ext...
Astragalus L. (Fabaceae) is an important genus with numerous species having various traditional m... more Astragalus L. (Fabaceae) is an important genus with numerous species having various traditional medicinal uses making them of interest for scientific investigations to ascertain their therapeutic benefits. In the present study, the quantitative polyphenolic profiles of methanolic extracts from different parts (leaves, flowers, and roots) of two endemic Astragalus species growing in Turkey, i.e. A. campylosema Boiss. and A. hirsutus Vahl were determined, along with their antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory properties. A. campylosema and A. hirsutus extracts showed varying total phenolic (25.80-40.60 and18.59-29.46 mg GAE/g, respectively) and total flavonoid (11.21-105.91 and 16.06-131.91 mg RE/g, respectively) contents. HPLC-MS/MS revealed rutin to be the predominant phenolic compound in all the extracts of A. campylosema and leaf extract of A. hirsutus (133.53-752.42 μg g-1), while hyperoside was the major one in the flower and root extracts of A. hirsutus (2014.07 and 123.13 μg g-1, respectively). In DPPH and ABTS assays, radical scavenging capacity was demonstrated by all extracts of A. campylosema (47.13-48.10 and 87.03-115.36 mg TE/g, respectively) and A. hirsutus (17.82-38.67 and 47.84-57.29 mg TE/g, respectively). Reducing activity was also displayed by the extracts in CUPRAC and FRAP assays (A. campylosema: 83.06-135.20 and 59.15-90.19 mg TE/g, respectively; A. hirsutus: 53.02-83.42 and 31.25-43.25 mg TE/g, respectively). All extracts were also found to act as metal chelators (12.32-21.45 mg EDTAE/g) and exhibited total antioxidant capacity ranging from 1.16 to 1.60 mmol TE/g, in phosphomolybdenum assay. Acetyl- and butyryl-cholinesterase inhibitory effects were observed by all the extracts of the two species (1.56-4.99 mg GALAE/g). Anti-hyperpigmentation potential by inhibiting tyrosinase (54.55-67.35 mg KAE/g) was reported as well. Carbohydrate hydrolyzing enzymes, amylase and glucosidase were also inhibited (0.22-1.03 mmol ACAE/g). Overall, A. campylosema extracts showed relatively better antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory potentials compared to A. hirsutus extracts. Strikingly, A. hirsutus extracts was found to have higher AGE inhibition activity than A. campylosema. Although the cytotoxic effect of three different organs obtained from A. campylosema and A. hirsutus increased depending on the dose (from 10 to 200 μg/mL), it was found that both plant extracts did not show a genotoxic effect at the highest concentration of 200 μg/mL. Indeed, data amassed from this current scientific work showed the two selected Astragalus species to be rich in bioactive polyphenols that could be responsible for the various pharmacological activities and hence demands to be further explored for their possible applications as natural health promoting agents.
The genus Acacia (Family Leguminosae) is composed of several medicinal plants used for treating m... more The genus Acacia (Family Leguminosae) is composed of several medicinal plants used for treating miscellaneous diseases. Amid the important members of this genus, A. nilotica and A. ataxacantha are widely employed for their tremendous healing properties. Hence, this present work aimed to determine the total phenolic and flavonoid contents and investigate the antioxidant, antiproliferative, anti-enzyme and antimicrobial potentials of methanolic and water extracts of leaves and stem bark of A. nilotica and A. ataxacantha obtained by maceration and ultrasonication. The total phenolic and flavonoid contents were obtained in the range of 33.35-116.60 mg GAE/g and 0.26-49.90 mg RE/g, respectively, with the methanolic leaf extracts of both species showing the highest contents. Moreover, the methanolic extracts were observed to display higher antioxidant potentials in almost all antioxidant assays performed compared to the water extracts (ABTS: 52.66-943.81 mg TE/g, DPPH: 8.51-493.90 mg TE/g, CUPRAC: 106.39-1193.75 mg TE/g; FRAP: 31.38-416.21 mg TE/g, and phosphomolybdenum: 0.90-4.17 mM TE/g). However, the water extracts were seen to be better metal chelators than the methanolic extracts (8.47-36.85 mg EDTAE/g). Additionally, all extracts were found to exhibit anti-tyrosinase (30.79-74.80 mg KAE/g) and anti-amylase (0.10-1.10 mM ACAE/g) properties. With the exception of a few extracts, glucosidase and acetylcholinesterase inhibitions (1.69-2.12 mg ACAE/g and 0.42-2.61 mg GALAE/g, respectively) were also demonstrated. While the methanolic extracts of both species showed antimicrobial potency against all the 18 tested microorganisms (gram positive, gram negative, and fungi), the water extracts were effective only against the gram positive bacteria. The extracts were also found to exhibit antiproliferative effects on SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells, with the methanolic extracts showing higher cytotoxic potential than the water extracts. Therefore, this study showed these species to be good sources of antioxidants, enzyme inhibitors, antimicrobials and antiproliferative agents, which could be of great interest for their applications as natural bioactive ingredients in the development of pharmaceuticals and nutraceuticals.
Alchornea cordifolia (Schumach. & Thonn.) Müll. Arg. is a well-known African medicinal plant trad... more Alchornea cordifolia (Schumach. & Thonn.) Müll. Arg. is a well-known African medicinal plant traditionally used for various healing purposes. In the present study, methanolic, ethyl acetate and infusion extracts of A. cordifolia leaves were studied for their total phenolic and flavonoid contents and screened for their chemical composition. Moreover, the enzyme (acetyl- and butyryl-cholinesterases, α-amylase, α-glucosidase, and tyrosinase) inhibitory and cytotoxicity activities on HepG2: human hepatocellular carcinoma cells, B16 4A5: murine melanoma cells, and S17: murine bone marrow (normal) cells of extracts were evaluated. Finally, components-targets and docking analyzes were conducted with the aim to unravel the putative mechanisms underlying the observed bio-pharmacological effects. Interestingly, the infusion and methanolic extracts showed significantly higher total phenolic and flavonoid contents compared with the ethyl acetate extract (TPC: 120.38–213.12 mg GAE/g and TFC: 9.6...
In the present study, the extracts of Cytinus hypocistis (L.) L using both traditional solvents (... more In the present study, the extracts of Cytinus hypocistis (L.) L using both traditional solvents (hexane, ethyl acetate, dichloromethane, ethanol, ethanol/water, and water) and natural deep eutectic solvents (NADESs) were investigated in terms of their total polyphenolic contents and antioxidant and enzyme-inhibitive properties. The extracts were found to possess total phenolic and total flavonoid contents in the ranges of 26.47–186.13 mg GAE/g and 0.68–12.55 mg RE/g, respectively. Higher total phenolic contents were obtained for NADES extracts. Compositional differences were reported in relation to antioxidant potential studied by several assays (DPPH: 70.19–939.35 mg TE/g, ABTS: 172.56–4026.50 mg TE/g; CUPRAC: 97.41–1730.38 mg TE/g, FRAP: 84.11–1534.85 mg TE/g). Application of NADESs (choline chloride—urea 1:2, a so-called Reline) allowed one to obtain the highest number of extracts having antioxidant potential in the radical scavenging and reducing assays. NADES-B (protonated by H...
Abstract Crinum asiaticum L. (Amaryllidaceae), also known as poison bulb or spider lily, is a per... more Abstract Crinum asiaticum L. (Amaryllidaceae), also known as poison bulb or spider lily, is a perennial bulbous herb bearing feathery green leaves, employed to induce emesis during poisoning. In Ayurveda, it is called ‘naagadami’, in Malaysia, the natives refer to it as ‘bakong’, ‘morabau’ is its name in Papua New Guinea, and it is known as ‘lys’ or ‘lis sauvage’ in Mauritius. In ethnomedicine, it is employed to relieve anguish from a plethora of ailment conditions such as boils, contusions, earache, edema, fever, fractures, gastrointestinal complaints, hernia, mumps, rheumatism, tonsillitis, urinary difficulties and vomiting, amongst others. It is economically valuable due to its medicinal and ornamental attributes. Given the lack of an updated comprehensive one stop documentation on this species, this review aims to compile its morphological characteristics, geographical distribution, as well as its traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacological properties and toxicity potential. While the extracts of C. asiaticum were found to be particularly rich in alkaloids, chemical analysis of essential oils obtained from C. asiaticum revealed the presence of miscellaneous components including alcohols, phenolics, fatty acids, esters, aldehydes, terpenoids and terpenes. Extracts and compounds from C. asiaticum have been evaluated for their antioxidant, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, anti-plasmodial, cytotoxicity, anti-cancer and antimicrobial properties. Only one clinical study has showed that repeated and single cutaneous applications of the extract under the occlusive patch did not provoke any cumulative irritation and sensitization reactions. In conclusion, this plant holds promising pharmacological properties that deserves renewed attention, especially with regard to its toxicity that could be significant in the development of phytopharmaceuticals.
In this study, phytochemical and pharmacological screening of the aerial part and roots extracts ... more In this study, phytochemical and pharmacological screening of the aerial part and roots extracts from Doronicum orientale Hoffm. (Asteraceae) was carried out. Plant extracts were obtained using solvents of different polarity (hexane, ethyl acetate, ethanol, ethanol/water, water) for selection the most optimal solvent for the extraction of active compounds. For instance, the extracts yielded total phenolic and flavonoid contents in the range of 12.13–45.67 mg GAE/g and 0.75–12.44 mg QE/g, respectively, while the total antioxidant capacity of the extracts determined by the phosphomolybdenum assay ranged from 0.88–2.53 mmol TE/g. HPLC/MS/MS analysis revealed 5‐caffeoylquinic acid (2.52–337.05 μg/g) and 3,5‐dicaffeoylquinic acid (3.12–299.36 μg/g) to be the major components present in the investigated extracts. Antioxidant activity in terms of radical scavenging ability of the extracts ranged from 0.82–45.56 mg TE/g in DPPH assay and from 5.07–104.58 mg TE/g in ABTS assay. The tested extracts were found to inhibit acetylcholinesterase (aerial part: 0.50–2.33 mg GALAE/g; roots: 0.40–2.43 mg GALAE/g), while with the exception of the water extracts, the other extracts showed butyrylcholinesterase inhibition (aerial part: 2.46–5.02 mg GALAE/g; root: 2.93–4.17 mg GALAE/g). Overall, this study presented an interesting scope of this species in phytomedicine with preliminary data demonstrating some of the tested extracts to possess high bioactive contents, antioxidant potential and enzyme inhibitory activity. Thus, additional investigations are necessary to confirm their safety in herbal drug applications.
Drimia maritima (L.) Stearn (squill), belonging to the Asparagaceae family, is acknowledged as a ... more Drimia maritima (L.) Stearn (squill), belonging to the Asparagaceae family, is acknowledged as a medicinally valuable species from the Drimia genera. In this study, water, methanol, and ethyl acetate extracts of D. maritima aerial parts and bulbs were investigated for their polyphenols profile and evaluated for their antioxidant and enzyme inhibition properties. Phenolics were profiled through an untargeted metabolomics approach using an ultra-high pressure liquid chromatograph coupled to quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QTOF-MS). This analysis revealed an enrichment of low molecular weight phenolics and flavonoids in the aerial parts of D. maritima, while lignans mainly characterized bulb extracts. Antioxidant capacity was investigated by different assays, including phosphomolybdenum assays, radical scavenging (DPPH: 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl; ABTS: 2,2’-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)), as well as reducing ability (CUPRAC: cupric reducing an...
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