Working time arrangements may be a source of strain and entail negative consequences for workers,... more Working time arrangements may be a source of strain and entail negative consequences for workers, one of which can be exhaustion. Based on the Job Demands-Resources and the Conservation of Resources theories, this study explores recovery experiences from work and satisfaction with the work schedule as possible resources that may prevent or minimize such negative consequences. With a sample of 386 workers (n = 287 women; 99 men) and using a Cluster analysis, we identified five working time arrangements: Fixed Standardized, Part-Time, Irregular Standardized, Flexible Standardized, and Nonstandard Work Schedule (NWS). A One-Way ANOVA found that workers in the Irregular Standardized schedule report higher exhaustion compared to the Fixed Standardized and the Part-Time. Exhaustion of workers in NWS is higher compared to the Part-Time workers. A Multiple Linear Regression analysis found that the link between recovery experiences and exhaustion varies according to the working time arrangem...
Higher Education Institutions' (HEI) workers were highly impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic, w... more Higher Education Institutions' (HEI) workers were highly impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic, which magnified gender differences in terms of management of work and personal life. Most studies published so far have primarily focused on a group of HEI workers' (i.e., teachers and researchers), but not on staff members, despite their crucial role for HEI functioning. Following the Job Demands-Resources theory, we aimed to: (i) characterize work-life conflict (WLC) among men and women workers from an HEI (staff and teachers/researchers) during the COVID-19 pandemic; and (ii) explore the major predictors of WLC for both staff and teachers/researchers. This study includes a sample of 262 workers from one Portuguese HEI (n = 128 staff members; n = 134 teachers/researchers) who answered an online survey. An Independent Samples T-Test showed that the reported current WLC was significantly higher for teachers/researchers compared to staff. Moreover, women teachers/researchers showed hig...
The widespread use of ICT, namely the use of smartphones, has dramatically altered the way organi... more The widespread use of ICT, namely the use of smartphones, has dramatically altered the way organizations communicate with employees, leading to flexibility in work schedules that frequently encompa...
This longitudinal study follows children from dual-earner families in 4 time-points, covering the... more This longitudinal study follows children from dual-earner families in 4 time-points, covering the early childhood period. We examined the influence of work–family conflict (WFC) on maternal relational frustration (RF) towards the child, and investigated the reciprocal relations among maternal RF, children's self-control (SC), and teacher–child (TC) conflict over time. Participants were 214 children (97 girls; M age = 4.00 years), their mothers, and teachers. Mothers reported their own WFC and RF, whereas teachers reported child SC and T-C conflict. Results from a cross-lagged panel model indicated the experience of WFC positively predicted maternal RF. Maternal RF and T-C conflict were negatively related to the child later SC abilities. Conversely, children who displayed SC difficulties were more likely to experience later maternal RF and T-C conflict. There was evidence supporting the bidirectional effects of child SC and T-C conflict across time. Moreover, maternal RF and T-C ...
In Western countries, recent decades have witnessed a revolution toward gender equality. Inequali... more In Western countries, recent decades have witnessed a revolution toward gender equality. Inequalities have been greatly reduced in areas such as education or employment. Because inequalities lead to distress, this development has largely benefited women. One notable exception is the realm of parenting, which has remained rife with inequalities even in the most egalitarian countries. We hypothesized that experiencing inequality in parenting when one holds egalitarian values and raising a child in a country characterized by a high level of gender equality in other areas, increases mothers’ psychological distress in the specific area of parenting. Multilevel modeling analyses computed among 11,538 mothers from 40 countries confirmed this prediction: high egalitarian values at the individual level and high gender equality at the societal level are associated with higher burnout levels in mothers. The associations hold beyond differences in sociodemographic characteristics at the individ...
In this study, we evaluated the internal structure of the Portuguese version of the Marital Socia... more In this study, we evaluated the internal structure of the Portuguese version of the Marital Social-Skills Inventory. After adapting the language of the inventory from Brazilian to European Portuguese, it was tested with 540 Portuguese respondents (20 to 70 years of age), who had been in a stable relationship for at least one year. A principal components analysis (n = 310) suggested that the internal structure includes four dimensions: Expressiveness, Self-affirmation, Self-control and Assertive Conversation. This structure was tested using a confirmatory analysis (n = 230), yielding satisfactory indicators of overall adjustment. Cronbach’s alpha values for the first three dimensions indicated good internal consistency. The internal structure of the Portuguese version of the Marital Social-Skills Inventory-Villa & Del-Prette is coherent with the original structure, and psychometrically sound for the evaluation of marital social-skills among Portuguese couples. Thus, this instrument c...
Research on the work-family interface has not consistently addressed how the positive and negativ... more Research on the work-family interface has not consistently addressed how the positive and negative features of work-family dynamics conjointly relate to the experience of parenting, and still fewer studies have explored these interrelationships from a dyadic perspective. The present investigation addressed this gap by examining the extent to which mothers’ and fathers’ reports of work-family conflict and enrichment influenced their own and their spouse’s parenting experiences. Each member of 346 dual-earner couples completed measures of work-family conflict (WFC) and work-family enrichment (WFE), along with measures of parenting attitudes and competencies. A dyadic analysis revealed that WFC and WFE differentially affected the quality of parenting attitudes and competencies. In addition, a differential pattern of crossover effects between partners was found, particularly with respect to the effect of mothers’ work-family dynamics on fathers’ parenting experience. More specifically, ...
Women’s professional role has brought new demands for the family life. The balance of family and ... more Women’s professional role has brought new demands for the family life. The balance of family and professional roles is a salient field revealing what is acceptable or desired for each role. For this, the couples take into account social values and their influence in the distribution of roles and in the share of family tasks. The present study aims to analyse the values shared by young couples with toddlers by comparing the adherence to cultural values in 9 different countries: Germany, Austria, Belgium, Finland, France, Italy, The Netherlands, Portugal and Switzerland. The country comparison showed differences according to the dominant styles - egalitarian or conservatism - as well as in the homogeneity of the adherence to the cultural values by the couples. Most of the Swiss, German and Dutch couples hold egalitarian values while most of the Italian and Portuguese couples hold conservative values. The cultural values shared by the couples in these countries are more homogeneous tha...
Working time arrangements may be a source of strain and entail negative consequences for workers,... more Working time arrangements may be a source of strain and entail negative consequences for workers, one of which can be exhaustion. Based on the Job Demands-Resources and the Conservation of Resources theories, this study explores recovery experiences from work and satisfaction with the work schedule as possible resources that may prevent or minimize such negative consequences. With a sample of 386 workers (n = 287 women; 99 men) and using a Cluster analysis, we identified five working time arrangements: Fixed Standardized, Part-Time, Irregular Standardized, Flexible Standardized, and Nonstandard Work Schedule (NWS). A One-Way ANOVA found that workers in the Irregular Standardized schedule report higher exhaustion compared to the Fixed Standardized and the Part-Time. Exhaustion of workers in NWS is higher compared to the Part-Time workers. A Multiple Linear Regression analysis found that the link between recovery experiences and exhaustion varies according to the working time arrangem...
Higher Education Institutions' (HEI) workers were highly impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic, w... more Higher Education Institutions' (HEI) workers were highly impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic, which magnified gender differences in terms of management of work and personal life. Most studies published so far have primarily focused on a group of HEI workers' (i.e., teachers and researchers), but not on staff members, despite their crucial role for HEI functioning. Following the Job Demands-Resources theory, we aimed to: (i) characterize work-life conflict (WLC) among men and women workers from an HEI (staff and teachers/researchers) during the COVID-19 pandemic; and (ii) explore the major predictors of WLC for both staff and teachers/researchers. This study includes a sample of 262 workers from one Portuguese HEI (n = 128 staff members; n = 134 teachers/researchers) who answered an online survey. An Independent Samples T-Test showed that the reported current WLC was significantly higher for teachers/researchers compared to staff. Moreover, women teachers/researchers showed hig...
The widespread use of ICT, namely the use of smartphones, has dramatically altered the way organi... more The widespread use of ICT, namely the use of smartphones, has dramatically altered the way organizations communicate with employees, leading to flexibility in work schedules that frequently encompa...
This longitudinal study follows children from dual-earner families in 4 time-points, covering the... more This longitudinal study follows children from dual-earner families in 4 time-points, covering the early childhood period. We examined the influence of work–family conflict (WFC) on maternal relational frustration (RF) towards the child, and investigated the reciprocal relations among maternal RF, children's self-control (SC), and teacher–child (TC) conflict over time. Participants were 214 children (97 girls; M age = 4.00 years), their mothers, and teachers. Mothers reported their own WFC and RF, whereas teachers reported child SC and T-C conflict. Results from a cross-lagged panel model indicated the experience of WFC positively predicted maternal RF. Maternal RF and T-C conflict were negatively related to the child later SC abilities. Conversely, children who displayed SC difficulties were more likely to experience later maternal RF and T-C conflict. There was evidence supporting the bidirectional effects of child SC and T-C conflict across time. Moreover, maternal RF and T-C ...
In Western countries, recent decades have witnessed a revolution toward gender equality. Inequali... more In Western countries, recent decades have witnessed a revolution toward gender equality. Inequalities have been greatly reduced in areas such as education or employment. Because inequalities lead to distress, this development has largely benefited women. One notable exception is the realm of parenting, which has remained rife with inequalities even in the most egalitarian countries. We hypothesized that experiencing inequality in parenting when one holds egalitarian values and raising a child in a country characterized by a high level of gender equality in other areas, increases mothers’ psychological distress in the specific area of parenting. Multilevel modeling analyses computed among 11,538 mothers from 40 countries confirmed this prediction: high egalitarian values at the individual level and high gender equality at the societal level are associated with higher burnout levels in mothers. The associations hold beyond differences in sociodemographic characteristics at the individ...
In this study, we evaluated the internal structure of the Portuguese version of the Marital Socia... more In this study, we evaluated the internal structure of the Portuguese version of the Marital Social-Skills Inventory. After adapting the language of the inventory from Brazilian to European Portuguese, it was tested with 540 Portuguese respondents (20 to 70 years of age), who had been in a stable relationship for at least one year. A principal components analysis (n = 310) suggested that the internal structure includes four dimensions: Expressiveness, Self-affirmation, Self-control and Assertive Conversation. This structure was tested using a confirmatory analysis (n = 230), yielding satisfactory indicators of overall adjustment. Cronbach’s alpha values for the first three dimensions indicated good internal consistency. The internal structure of the Portuguese version of the Marital Social-Skills Inventory-Villa & Del-Prette is coherent with the original structure, and psychometrically sound for the evaluation of marital social-skills among Portuguese couples. Thus, this instrument c...
Research on the work-family interface has not consistently addressed how the positive and negativ... more Research on the work-family interface has not consistently addressed how the positive and negative features of work-family dynamics conjointly relate to the experience of parenting, and still fewer studies have explored these interrelationships from a dyadic perspective. The present investigation addressed this gap by examining the extent to which mothers’ and fathers’ reports of work-family conflict and enrichment influenced their own and their spouse’s parenting experiences. Each member of 346 dual-earner couples completed measures of work-family conflict (WFC) and work-family enrichment (WFE), along with measures of parenting attitudes and competencies. A dyadic analysis revealed that WFC and WFE differentially affected the quality of parenting attitudes and competencies. In addition, a differential pattern of crossover effects between partners was found, particularly with respect to the effect of mothers’ work-family dynamics on fathers’ parenting experience. More specifically, ...
Women’s professional role has brought new demands for the family life. The balance of family and ... more Women’s professional role has brought new demands for the family life. The balance of family and professional roles is a salient field revealing what is acceptable or desired for each role. For this, the couples take into account social values and their influence in the distribution of roles and in the share of family tasks. The present study aims to analyse the values shared by young couples with toddlers by comparing the adherence to cultural values in 9 different countries: Germany, Austria, Belgium, Finland, France, Italy, The Netherlands, Portugal and Switzerland. The country comparison showed differences according to the dominant styles - egalitarian or conservatism - as well as in the homogeneity of the adherence to the cultural values by the couples. Most of the Swiss, German and Dutch couples hold egalitarian values while most of the Italian and Portuguese couples hold conservative values. The cultural values shared by the couples in these countries are more homogeneous tha...
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