El objetivo fue determinar la relación entre el área interumbrales (ITA) [la zona comprendida ent... more El objetivo fue determinar la relación entre el área interumbrales (ITA) [la zona comprendida entre el primer y el segundo umbral ventilatorio (VT1 y VT2) en la función VO2/VE, Carga/VO2 y Carga/VE] y las variables ergoespirométricas. Treinta y tres hombres realizaron un test incremental. El ITA se calculó: 1) como la integral definida por el área entre VT1 y VT2 bajo las curvas de VO2/VE, Carga/VO2 y Carga/VE y 2) como la suma de las áreas descritas por el triángulo y rectángulo entre los mismos puntos. El ITA para la función Carga/VE se correlacionó positivamente (p<0,01) con la carga en VT2 (r = 0,831) y la ventilación en VT2 (r = 0,799). El ITA para la función VO2/VE fue significativamente mayor en los ciclistas que en los estudiantes. La determinación del ITA es un método simple para evaluar la transición aeróbica-anaeróbica durante las pruebas de esfuerzo incremental.The aim was to determine the relationship between the interthreshold area (ITA) [the area between the first ...
Con el objetivo de detectar y controlar los factores socio-emocionales que influyen en la progres... more Con el objetivo de detectar y controlar los factores socio-emocionales que influyen en la progresión del joven futbolista, se diseñó un cuestionario auto-cumplimentado de 40 ítems, agrupados en 3 dimensiones (entorno social, bienestar e inteligencia emocional). Se analizó la validez de contenido mediante la valoración de 14 expertos y la validez de constructo mediante análisis factorial. Se evaluó la fiabilidad del cuestionario, administrándolo a jóvenes futbolistas de élite (n=281) y analizando la consistencia interna por el método del Alfa de Cronbach y la fiabilidad test-retest mediante el coeficiente de correlación intraclase (CCI). El análisis factorial confirmó la existencia de 18 categorías, que en conjunto explican el 65,40% de la varianza total. El Alfa de Cronbach del cuestionario fue de 0,944 (p<0,01) y el CCI de 0,894 (p<0,01). El cuestionario reúne suficientes propiedades psicométricas como para ser considerado una herramienta válida y fiable para medir el entorno...
Aim: To investigate the effect of different breathing patterns (spontaneous breathing as a contro... more Aim: To investigate the effect of different breathing patterns (spontaneous breathing as a control, hyperventilation and forced exhalation) on biochemical, cardiorespiratory and performance variables following a specific tennis test. Methods: Thirteen trained nationally ranked male tennis participated in this study. In three different sessions the players performed a passing-shot drill test, only modifying the breathing pattern (hyperventilation, forced exhalation or spontaneous breathing) during the recovery periods in randomized and counterbalance manner. Results: No differences were found between the three tests in biochemical variables (pH: F 2,12 =0.118, P=0.890; pCO 2 : F 2,24 =1.24, P=0.307; [HCO 3 - ]: F 2,24 =3.257, P=0.056; [La - ] F 2,24 =0.179, P=0.838) except for the base excess (BE; F 2,24 =4.339, P=0.025). On the other hand, ventilation and breathing frequency were different among the test (VE: F 2,24 =23.134, P<0.001; BF: F 2,24 =74.633, P<0.001, respectively),...
Rev.int.med.cienc.act.fís.deportevol.x número x ISSN: 1577-0354 2 Nine male triathletes (VO2max: ... more Rev.int.med.cienc.act.fís.deportevol.x número x ISSN: 1577-0354 2 Nine male triathletes (VO2max: 68.0 ± 2.0 mL·kg·min, age: 25 ± 1.9 years, weight: 68.3 ± 2.2 kg, height: 177.4 ± 2.2 cm), performed an incremental maximal cycle exercise test on three separate occasions corresponding to the start of the season, pre-competitive period, and competitive period. Maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) and ventilatory thresholds (VT1 and VT2respectively) were assessed in each visit. Despite changes in the distribution of training among disciplines, total training time, training time per week, and intensity of the training, POmax, VO2max, submaximal HR, and lactate concentration remained stable throughout the season. Due to the stability displayed by the heart rate ventilatory thresholds relationship in our sample, we conclude that a single laboratory testing at the start of the season could be enough to prescribe training intensities (at least for cycling) based on heart rate zones in highly traine...
Revista Internacional de Medicina y Ciencias de la Actividad Fisica y del Deporte, 2014
Resumen es: Con el objetivo de detectar y controlar los factores socio-emocionales que influyen e... more Resumen es: Con el objetivo de detectar y controlar los factores socio-emocionales que influyen en la progresion del joven futbolista, se diseno un cuestionario auto...
Revista Internacional de Medicina y Ciencias de la Actividad Fisica y del Deporte, 2014
Con el objetivo de detectar y controlar los factores socio-emocionales que influyen en la progres... more Con el objetivo de detectar y controlar los factores socio-emocionales que influyen en la progresion del joven futbolista, se diseno un cuestionario auto-cumplimentado de 40 items, agrupados en 3 dimensiones (entorno social, bienestar e inteligencia emocional). Se analizo la validez de contenido mediante la valoracion de 14 expertos y la validez de constructo mediante analisis factorial. Se evaluo la fiabilidad del cuestionario, administrandolo a jovenes futbolistas de elite (n=281) y analizando la consistencia interna por el metodo del Alfa de Cronbach y la fiabilidad test-retest mediante el coeficiente de correlacion intraclase (CCI). El analisis factorial confirmo la existencia de 18 categorias, que en conjunto explican el 65,40% de la varianza total. El Alfa de Cronbach del cuestionario fue de 0,944 (p<0,01) y el CCI de 0,894 (p<0,01). El cuestionario reune suficientes propiedades psicometricas como para ser considerado una herramienta valida y fiable para medir el entorno...
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 2021
The aims of this study were to describe patterns of active commuting to school (ACS) of preschool... more The aims of this study were to describe patterns of active commuting to school (ACS) of preschool children, and to analyse the relationship between ACS and family socio-economic factors. A total of 2636 families of preschoolers (3-to-5 years old) were asked to complete a questionnaire at home about the mode of commuting to school of their children and marital status, educational level, and profession of both father and mother. Chi-square analyses were applied to compare ACS between school grades and gender of the children. To analyse the association of ACS with socio-economic factors, logistic regression analyses were performed. Almost 50% of participants reported ACS of their offspring, with a higher rate in 3rd preprimary grade (5 years old) than in 1st and 2nd preprimary grades (3- and 4-years old. All, p < 0.05). Those preschool children who had parents with lower educational level and no managerial work had higher odds to ACS than those who had parents with higher educationa...
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 2021
Background: The increase in exercise levels in the last few years among professional and recreati... more Background: The increase in exercise levels in the last few years among professional and recreational female athletes has led to an increased scientific interest about sports health and performance in the female athlete population. The purpose of the IronFEMME Study described in this protocol article is to determine the influence of different hormonal profiles on iron metabolism in response to endurance exercise, and the main markers of muscle damage in response to resistance exercise; both in eumenorrheic, oral contraceptive (OC) users and postmenopausal well-trained women. Methods: This project is an observational controlled randomized counterbalanced study. One hundered and four (104) active and healthy women were selected to participate in the IronFEMME Study, 57 of which were eumenorrheic, 31 OC users and 16 postmenopausal. The project consisted of two sections carried out at the same time: iron metabolism (study I) and muscle damage (study II). For the study I, the exercise pr...
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 2020
Studies with overweight people are a priority in order to observe the effect of the timing of int... more Studies with overweight people are a priority in order to observe the effect of the timing of intervention on pre-obesity people. The aim was to compare different physical activity programs plus an individualized hypocaloric diet on body composition in overweight subjects. A randomized controlled clinical trial was carried out in overweight adults with no history of relevant illness. Primary outcome was total fat mass (TFM). Participants were allocated into four activity programs with equal intensity and volume of exercise for 22 weeks: strength training (S), endurance training (E), strength + endurance training (SE), and ‘adhering to physical activity recommendations’ (C). Participants followed a diet with 25% less energy (50%–55% carbohydrates, 30%–35% fat) measured by accelerometer. Variables were assessed at baseline and at the end of the intervention. Body composition was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. One hundred nineteen from 205 subjects were randomized in the...
The development of new models of face masks makes it necessary to compare their impact on exercis... more The development of new models of face masks makes it necessary to compare their impact on exercise. Therefore, the aim of this work was to compare the cardiopulmonary response to a maximal incremental test, perceived ventilation, exertion, and comfort using FFP2 or Emotion masks in young female athletes. Thirteen healthy sportswomen (22.08 ± 1.75 years) performed a spirometry, and a graded exercise test on a treadmill, with a JAEGER® Vyntus CPX gas analyzer using an ergospirometry mask (ErgoMask) or wearing the FFP2 or the Emotion mask below the ErgoMask, randomized on 3 consecutive days. Also, menstrual cycle status was monitored to avoid possible intrasubject alterations. The results showed lower values for the ErgoMask+FFP2, compared to ErgoMask or ErgoMask+Emotion, in forced vital capacity (3.8 ± 0.2, 4.5 ± 0.2 and 4.1 ± 0.1 l, respectively); forced expiratory volume in 1 s (3.3 ± 0.2, 3.7 ± 0.2 and 3.5 ± 0.1 l); ventilation (40.9 ± 1.5, 50.6 ± 1.5 and 46.9 ± 1.2 l/min); breathi...
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 2021
During the COVID-19 pandemic, entire populations were instructed to live in home-confinement to p... more During the COVID-19 pandemic, entire populations were instructed to live in home-confinement to prevent the expansion of the disease. Spain was one of the countries with the strictest conditions, as outdoor physical activity was banned for nearly two months. This study aimed to analyse the changes in physical activity and sedentary behaviours in Spanish university students before and during the confinement by COVID-19 with special focus on gender. We also analysed enjoyment, the tools used and motivation and impediments for doing physical activity. An online questionnaire, which included the International Physical Activity Questionnaire Short Form and certain “ad hoc” questions, was designed. Students were recruited by distributing an invitation through the administrative channels of 16 universities and a total of 13,754 valid surveys were collected. Overall, university students reduced moderate (−29.5%) and vigorous (−18.3%) physical activity during the confinement and increased se...
Menopause commonly presents the gradual accumulation of iron in the body over the years, which is... more Menopause commonly presents the gradual accumulation of iron in the body over the years, which is a risk factor for diseases such as cancer, osteoporosis, or cardiovascular diseases. Running exercise is known to acutely increase hepcidin levels, which reduces iron absorption and recycling. As this fact has not been studied in postmenopausal women, this study investigated the hepcidin response to running exercise in this population. Thirteen endurance-trained postmenopausal women (age: 51.5 ± 3.89 years; height: 161.8 ± 4.9 cm; body mass: 55.9 ± 3.6 kg; body fat: 24.7 ± 4.2%; peak oxygen consumption: 42.4 ± 4.0 mL·min−1·kg−1) performed a high-intensity interval running protocol, which consisted of 8 × 3 min bouts at 85% of the maximal aerobic speed with 90-second recovery. Blood samples were collected pre-exercise, 0, 3, and 24 hours post-exercise. As expected, hepcidin exhibited higher values at 3 hours post-exercise (3.69 ± 3.38 nmol/L), but also at 24 hours post-exercise (3.25 ± 3...
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 2020
We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to study all published clinical trial interven... more We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to study all published clinical trial interventions, determined the magnitude of whole-body hypertrophy in humans (healthy males) and observed the individual responsibility of each variable in muscle growth after resistance training (RT). Searches were conducted in PubMed, Web of Science and the Cochrane Library from database inception until 10 May 2018 for original articles assessing the effects of RT on muscle size after interventions of more than 2 weeks of duration. Specifically, we obtain the variables fat-free mass (FMM), lean muscle mass (LMM) and skeletal muscle mass (SMM). The effects on outcomes were expressed as mean differences (MD) and a random-effects meta-analysis and meta-regressions determined covariates (age, weight, height, durations in weeks…) to explore the moderate effect related to the participants and characteristics of training. One hundred and eleven studies (158 groups, 1927 participants) reported on the e...
This study aimed to assess the effect of rehydration during and after acute aerobic submaximal ex... more This study aimed to assess the effect of rehydration during and after acute aerobic submaximal exercise on total homocysteine (tHcy) concentrations and related parameters in physically active adult males. Twenty trained males (29.4 ± 7.9 years old) completed four exercise tests: two without rehydration during exercise (NH1 and NH2), one with rehydration during exercise using water (H1) and one with rehydration during exercise using an isotonic sports drink (H2). After finishing the exercise tests, subjects followed a rehydration protocol for 2 h. Serum tHcy, vitamin B12, folate, creatine and creatinine were analysed before, after and at 2, 6 and 24 h after exercise. Data were analysed with and without correcting for haemoconcentration to assess the changes in tHcy related. The methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) 677TT genotype was also analysed. THcy (uncorrected by haemoconcentration) increased significantly after exercise (P < 0.05) in the NH1 and NH2 tests [mean increa...
Men and women may lose weight in a different fashion. This study compares the changes in differen... more Men and women may lose weight in a different fashion. This study compares the changes in different anatomical regions after a well-controlled weight loss program by sex and initial BMI. A total of 180 subjects (48 overweight women, 36 overweight men, and 48 obese women and 48 obese men) were recruited to participate in a 22-week weight loss programme (diet + exercise). Regarding percentage body weight change from baseline, there was no triple interaction (BMI, sex and anatomical region), but there was interaction between BMI and anatomical region (F2,840 = 34.5; p &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; 0.001), and between sex and anatomical region (F2,840 = 98.8; p &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; 0.001). Usually, the arms and legs are the regions that lose more weight in obese participants, but men lose the highest percentage of mass from the trunk. There were differences between men and women for the areas of left trunk mass (750g), right trunk mass (700g), total mass of the trunk (1400g), android mass (350g), and finally in the total mass in overweight participants (1300g), with higher values for men than for women. The region that loses more weight and fat is the trunk, followed by the legs, and then the arms, when the loss is observed in function of the total weight or fat lost. Both BMI and sex exert a definite influence fat loss, especially in some anatomical regions.
The present study describes the oxygen uptake and total energy expenditure (including both aerobi... more The present study describes the oxygen uptake and total energy expenditure (including both aerobic and anaerobic contribution) response during three different circuit weight training (CWT) protocols of equivalent duration composed of free weight exercises, machine exercises, and a combination of free weight exercises intercalating aerobic exercise. Controlled, randomized crossover designs. Subjects completed in a randomized order three circuit weight training protocols of the same duration (3 sets of 8 exercises, 45min 15s) and intensity (70% of 15 repetitions maximum). The circuit protocols were composed of free weight exercises, machine exercises, or a combination of free weight exercises with aerobic exercise. Oxygen consumption and lactate concentration were measured throughout the circuit to estimate aerobic and anaerobic energy expenditure respectively. Energy expenditure is higher in the combined exercise protocol (29.9±3.6 ml/kg/min), compared with Freeweight (24.2±2.8ml/kg/...
El objetivo fue determinar la relación entre el área interumbrales (ITA) [la zona comprendida ent... more El objetivo fue determinar la relación entre el área interumbrales (ITA) [la zona comprendida entre el primer y el segundo umbral ventilatorio (VT1 y VT2) en la función VO2/VE, Carga/VO2 y Carga/VE] y las variables ergoespirométricas. Treinta y tres hombres realizaron un test incremental. El ITA se calculó: 1) como la integral definida por el área entre VT1 y VT2 bajo las curvas de VO2/VE, Carga/VO2 y Carga/VE y 2) como la suma de las áreas descritas por el triángulo y rectángulo entre los mismos puntos. El ITA para la función Carga/VE se correlacionó positivamente (p<0,01) con la carga en VT2 (r = 0,831) y la ventilación en VT2 (r = 0,799). El ITA para la función VO2/VE fue significativamente mayor en los ciclistas que en los estudiantes. La determinación del ITA es un método simple para evaluar la transición aeróbica-anaeróbica durante las pruebas de esfuerzo incremental.The aim was to determine the relationship between the interthreshold area (ITA) [the area between the first ...
Con el objetivo de detectar y controlar los factores socio-emocionales que influyen en la progres... more Con el objetivo de detectar y controlar los factores socio-emocionales que influyen en la progresión del joven futbolista, se diseñó un cuestionario auto-cumplimentado de 40 ítems, agrupados en 3 dimensiones (entorno social, bienestar e inteligencia emocional). Se analizó la validez de contenido mediante la valoración de 14 expertos y la validez de constructo mediante análisis factorial. Se evaluó la fiabilidad del cuestionario, administrándolo a jóvenes futbolistas de élite (n=281) y analizando la consistencia interna por el método del Alfa de Cronbach y la fiabilidad test-retest mediante el coeficiente de correlación intraclase (CCI). El análisis factorial confirmó la existencia de 18 categorías, que en conjunto explican el 65,40% de la varianza total. El Alfa de Cronbach del cuestionario fue de 0,944 (p<0,01) y el CCI de 0,894 (p<0,01). El cuestionario reúne suficientes propiedades psicométricas como para ser considerado una herramienta válida y fiable para medir el entorno...
Aim: To investigate the effect of different breathing patterns (spontaneous breathing as a contro... more Aim: To investigate the effect of different breathing patterns (spontaneous breathing as a control, hyperventilation and forced exhalation) on biochemical, cardiorespiratory and performance variables following a specific tennis test. Methods: Thirteen trained nationally ranked male tennis participated in this study. In three different sessions the players performed a passing-shot drill test, only modifying the breathing pattern (hyperventilation, forced exhalation or spontaneous breathing) during the recovery periods in randomized and counterbalance manner. Results: No differences were found between the three tests in biochemical variables (pH: F 2,12 =0.118, P=0.890; pCO 2 : F 2,24 =1.24, P=0.307; [HCO 3 - ]: F 2,24 =3.257, P=0.056; [La - ] F 2,24 =0.179, P=0.838) except for the base excess (BE; F 2,24 =4.339, P=0.025). On the other hand, ventilation and breathing frequency were different among the test (VE: F 2,24 =23.134, P<0.001; BF: F 2,24 =74.633, P<0.001, respectively),...
Rev.int.med.cienc.act.fís.deportevol.x número x ISSN: 1577-0354 2 Nine male triathletes (VO2max: ... more Rev.int.med.cienc.act.fís.deportevol.x número x ISSN: 1577-0354 2 Nine male triathletes (VO2max: 68.0 ± 2.0 mL·kg·min, age: 25 ± 1.9 years, weight: 68.3 ± 2.2 kg, height: 177.4 ± 2.2 cm), performed an incremental maximal cycle exercise test on three separate occasions corresponding to the start of the season, pre-competitive period, and competitive period. Maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) and ventilatory thresholds (VT1 and VT2respectively) were assessed in each visit. Despite changes in the distribution of training among disciplines, total training time, training time per week, and intensity of the training, POmax, VO2max, submaximal HR, and lactate concentration remained stable throughout the season. Due to the stability displayed by the heart rate ventilatory thresholds relationship in our sample, we conclude that a single laboratory testing at the start of the season could be enough to prescribe training intensities (at least for cycling) based on heart rate zones in highly traine...
Revista Internacional de Medicina y Ciencias de la Actividad Fisica y del Deporte, 2014
Resumen es: Con el objetivo de detectar y controlar los factores socio-emocionales que influyen e... more Resumen es: Con el objetivo de detectar y controlar los factores socio-emocionales que influyen en la progresion del joven futbolista, se diseno un cuestionario auto...
Revista Internacional de Medicina y Ciencias de la Actividad Fisica y del Deporte, 2014
Con el objetivo de detectar y controlar los factores socio-emocionales que influyen en la progres... more Con el objetivo de detectar y controlar los factores socio-emocionales que influyen en la progresion del joven futbolista, se diseno un cuestionario auto-cumplimentado de 40 items, agrupados en 3 dimensiones (entorno social, bienestar e inteligencia emocional). Se analizo la validez de contenido mediante la valoracion de 14 expertos y la validez de constructo mediante analisis factorial. Se evaluo la fiabilidad del cuestionario, administrandolo a jovenes futbolistas de elite (n=281) y analizando la consistencia interna por el metodo del Alfa de Cronbach y la fiabilidad test-retest mediante el coeficiente de correlacion intraclase (CCI). El analisis factorial confirmo la existencia de 18 categorias, que en conjunto explican el 65,40% de la varianza total. El Alfa de Cronbach del cuestionario fue de 0,944 (p<0,01) y el CCI de 0,894 (p<0,01). El cuestionario reune suficientes propiedades psicometricas como para ser considerado una herramienta valida y fiable para medir el entorno...
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 2021
The aims of this study were to describe patterns of active commuting to school (ACS) of preschool... more The aims of this study were to describe patterns of active commuting to school (ACS) of preschool children, and to analyse the relationship between ACS and family socio-economic factors. A total of 2636 families of preschoolers (3-to-5 years old) were asked to complete a questionnaire at home about the mode of commuting to school of their children and marital status, educational level, and profession of both father and mother. Chi-square analyses were applied to compare ACS between school grades and gender of the children. To analyse the association of ACS with socio-economic factors, logistic regression analyses were performed. Almost 50% of participants reported ACS of their offspring, with a higher rate in 3rd preprimary grade (5 years old) than in 1st and 2nd preprimary grades (3- and 4-years old. All, p < 0.05). Those preschool children who had parents with lower educational level and no managerial work had higher odds to ACS than those who had parents with higher educationa...
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 2021
Background: The increase in exercise levels in the last few years among professional and recreati... more Background: The increase in exercise levels in the last few years among professional and recreational female athletes has led to an increased scientific interest about sports health and performance in the female athlete population. The purpose of the IronFEMME Study described in this protocol article is to determine the influence of different hormonal profiles on iron metabolism in response to endurance exercise, and the main markers of muscle damage in response to resistance exercise; both in eumenorrheic, oral contraceptive (OC) users and postmenopausal well-trained women. Methods: This project is an observational controlled randomized counterbalanced study. One hundered and four (104) active and healthy women were selected to participate in the IronFEMME Study, 57 of which were eumenorrheic, 31 OC users and 16 postmenopausal. The project consisted of two sections carried out at the same time: iron metabolism (study I) and muscle damage (study II). For the study I, the exercise pr...
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 2020
Studies with overweight people are a priority in order to observe the effect of the timing of int... more Studies with overweight people are a priority in order to observe the effect of the timing of intervention on pre-obesity people. The aim was to compare different physical activity programs plus an individualized hypocaloric diet on body composition in overweight subjects. A randomized controlled clinical trial was carried out in overweight adults with no history of relevant illness. Primary outcome was total fat mass (TFM). Participants were allocated into four activity programs with equal intensity and volume of exercise for 22 weeks: strength training (S), endurance training (E), strength + endurance training (SE), and ‘adhering to physical activity recommendations’ (C). Participants followed a diet with 25% less energy (50%–55% carbohydrates, 30%–35% fat) measured by accelerometer. Variables were assessed at baseline and at the end of the intervention. Body composition was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. One hundred nineteen from 205 subjects were randomized in the...
The development of new models of face masks makes it necessary to compare their impact on exercis... more The development of new models of face masks makes it necessary to compare their impact on exercise. Therefore, the aim of this work was to compare the cardiopulmonary response to a maximal incremental test, perceived ventilation, exertion, and comfort using FFP2 or Emotion masks in young female athletes. Thirteen healthy sportswomen (22.08 ± 1.75 years) performed a spirometry, and a graded exercise test on a treadmill, with a JAEGER® Vyntus CPX gas analyzer using an ergospirometry mask (ErgoMask) or wearing the FFP2 or the Emotion mask below the ErgoMask, randomized on 3 consecutive days. Also, menstrual cycle status was monitored to avoid possible intrasubject alterations. The results showed lower values for the ErgoMask+FFP2, compared to ErgoMask or ErgoMask+Emotion, in forced vital capacity (3.8 ± 0.2, 4.5 ± 0.2 and 4.1 ± 0.1 l, respectively); forced expiratory volume in 1 s (3.3 ± 0.2, 3.7 ± 0.2 and 3.5 ± 0.1 l); ventilation (40.9 ± 1.5, 50.6 ± 1.5 and 46.9 ± 1.2 l/min); breathi...
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 2021
During the COVID-19 pandemic, entire populations were instructed to live in home-confinement to p... more During the COVID-19 pandemic, entire populations were instructed to live in home-confinement to prevent the expansion of the disease. Spain was one of the countries with the strictest conditions, as outdoor physical activity was banned for nearly two months. This study aimed to analyse the changes in physical activity and sedentary behaviours in Spanish university students before and during the confinement by COVID-19 with special focus on gender. We also analysed enjoyment, the tools used and motivation and impediments for doing physical activity. An online questionnaire, which included the International Physical Activity Questionnaire Short Form and certain “ad hoc” questions, was designed. Students were recruited by distributing an invitation through the administrative channels of 16 universities and a total of 13,754 valid surveys were collected. Overall, university students reduced moderate (−29.5%) and vigorous (−18.3%) physical activity during the confinement and increased se...
Menopause commonly presents the gradual accumulation of iron in the body over the years, which is... more Menopause commonly presents the gradual accumulation of iron in the body over the years, which is a risk factor for diseases such as cancer, osteoporosis, or cardiovascular diseases. Running exercise is known to acutely increase hepcidin levels, which reduces iron absorption and recycling. As this fact has not been studied in postmenopausal women, this study investigated the hepcidin response to running exercise in this population. Thirteen endurance-trained postmenopausal women (age: 51.5 ± 3.89 years; height: 161.8 ± 4.9 cm; body mass: 55.9 ± 3.6 kg; body fat: 24.7 ± 4.2%; peak oxygen consumption: 42.4 ± 4.0 mL·min−1·kg−1) performed a high-intensity interval running protocol, which consisted of 8 × 3 min bouts at 85% of the maximal aerobic speed with 90-second recovery. Blood samples were collected pre-exercise, 0, 3, and 24 hours post-exercise. As expected, hepcidin exhibited higher values at 3 hours post-exercise (3.69 ± 3.38 nmol/L), but also at 24 hours post-exercise (3.25 ± 3...
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 2020
We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to study all published clinical trial interven... more We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to study all published clinical trial interventions, determined the magnitude of whole-body hypertrophy in humans (healthy males) and observed the individual responsibility of each variable in muscle growth after resistance training (RT). Searches were conducted in PubMed, Web of Science and the Cochrane Library from database inception until 10 May 2018 for original articles assessing the effects of RT on muscle size after interventions of more than 2 weeks of duration. Specifically, we obtain the variables fat-free mass (FMM), lean muscle mass (LMM) and skeletal muscle mass (SMM). The effects on outcomes were expressed as mean differences (MD) and a random-effects meta-analysis and meta-regressions determined covariates (age, weight, height, durations in weeks…) to explore the moderate effect related to the participants and characteristics of training. One hundred and eleven studies (158 groups, 1927 participants) reported on the e...
This study aimed to assess the effect of rehydration during and after acute aerobic submaximal ex... more This study aimed to assess the effect of rehydration during and after acute aerobic submaximal exercise on total homocysteine (tHcy) concentrations and related parameters in physically active adult males. Twenty trained males (29.4 ± 7.9 years old) completed four exercise tests: two without rehydration during exercise (NH1 and NH2), one with rehydration during exercise using water (H1) and one with rehydration during exercise using an isotonic sports drink (H2). After finishing the exercise tests, subjects followed a rehydration protocol for 2 h. Serum tHcy, vitamin B12, folate, creatine and creatinine were analysed before, after and at 2, 6 and 24 h after exercise. Data were analysed with and without correcting for haemoconcentration to assess the changes in tHcy related. The methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) 677TT genotype was also analysed. THcy (uncorrected by haemoconcentration) increased significantly after exercise (P < 0.05) in the NH1 and NH2 tests [mean increa...
Men and women may lose weight in a different fashion. This study compares the changes in differen... more Men and women may lose weight in a different fashion. This study compares the changes in different anatomical regions after a well-controlled weight loss program by sex and initial BMI. A total of 180 subjects (48 overweight women, 36 overweight men, and 48 obese women and 48 obese men) were recruited to participate in a 22-week weight loss programme (diet + exercise). Regarding percentage body weight change from baseline, there was no triple interaction (BMI, sex and anatomical region), but there was interaction between BMI and anatomical region (F2,840 = 34.5; p &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; 0.001), and between sex and anatomical region (F2,840 = 98.8; p &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; 0.001). Usually, the arms and legs are the regions that lose more weight in obese participants, but men lose the highest percentage of mass from the trunk. There were differences between men and women for the areas of left trunk mass (750g), right trunk mass (700g), total mass of the trunk (1400g), android mass (350g), and finally in the total mass in overweight participants (1300g), with higher values for men than for women. The region that loses more weight and fat is the trunk, followed by the legs, and then the arms, when the loss is observed in function of the total weight or fat lost. Both BMI and sex exert a definite influence fat loss, especially in some anatomical regions.
The present study describes the oxygen uptake and total energy expenditure (including both aerobi... more The present study describes the oxygen uptake and total energy expenditure (including both aerobic and anaerobic contribution) response during three different circuit weight training (CWT) protocols of equivalent duration composed of free weight exercises, machine exercises, and a combination of free weight exercises intercalating aerobic exercise. Controlled, randomized crossover designs. Subjects completed in a randomized order three circuit weight training protocols of the same duration (3 sets of 8 exercises, 45min 15s) and intensity (70% of 15 repetitions maximum). The circuit protocols were composed of free weight exercises, machine exercises, or a combination of free weight exercises with aerobic exercise. Oxygen consumption and lactate concentration were measured throughout the circuit to estimate aerobic and anaerobic energy expenditure respectively. Energy expenditure is higher in the combined exercise protocol (29.9±3.6 ml/kg/min), compared with Freeweight (24.2±2.8ml/kg/...
Uploads
Papers by Pedro Benito