19 patients with bipolar affective disorders were investigated with visual averaged evoked respon... more 19 patients with bipolar affective disorders were investigated with visual averaged evoked responses (V.AER) to different stimulus intensities. 7 patients were investigated only in the depressive phase, 8 only in the manic phase, 2 in both the depressive and the manic phase, 1 in the manic phase and after recovery, and 1 patient was followed in both the depressive and the manic phase and when recovered. Both the comparisons between the independent groups and the results from the individual patients followed in different phases of the disorder indicate that patients in the depressive phase have a tendency to decrease in maximum amplitude when stimulus intensity is increased (reducing). Patients in the manic phase, on the other hand, show increasing maximum amplitude with increasing stimulus intensity (augmenting). The biochemical basis for this switch in augmenting/reducing tendency seem to be changes in the activity in the monoaminergic systems.
Guidelines for biological Treatment of Schizophrenia, : Part 1: Acute Treatment of Schizophrenia ... more Guidelines for biological Treatment of Schizophrenia, : Part 1: Acute Treatment of Schizophrenia and Part 2: Long-term Treatment of Schizophrenia
On the psychobiology of impulsivity : On the psychobiology of personality: Essays in honor of Mar... more On the psychobiology of impulsivity : On the psychobiology of personality: Essays in honor of Marvin Zuckerman
The lithium RBC/plasma ratio was determined in 59 patients during prophylactic lithium therapy. N... more The lithium RBC/plasma ratio was determined in 59 patients during prophylactic lithium therapy. No relationship was found between the lithium RBC/plasma ratio and sex, age, type of illness, weight, lithium dosage, duration of treatment or lithium plasma level. However, patients taking a combination of lithium and neuroleptic drugs had significantly higher lithium RBC/plasma ratios than patients taking lithium without neuroleptic drugs. The results are in line with earlier in vitro studies and are discussed in relation to the high frequency of neurotoxic and nephrotoxic adverse effects noted in patients taking a combination of lithium and neuroleptic drugs.
61 patients - 28 suffering from bipolar, and 33 from unipolar psychotic affective disorders - com... more 61 patients - 28 suffering from bipolar, and 33 from unipolar psychotic affective disorders - completed two personality inventories, one before and one about 6 months after starting lithium treatment to prevent relapses. On the basis of empirical observations it had been assumed that personality characteristics would change more in bipolar than in unipolar patients and that these changes would concern mainly those personality characteristics which reflect sociability and impulsivity. The inventories used were the EPI and the MNT. The results were in agreement with the predictions. Moreover, a significant decrease in N-scores was found both in bipolar and unipolar patients. It is assumed that these changes reflect both the therapeutic effect of lithium and an effect upon the personality characteristics of patients who suffer from bipolar or unipolar affective disorders.
IUPHAR 9th International Congress of Pharmacology, 1984
Monoamine oxidase (MAO, E.C. 1.4.3.4) is the most well-studied enzyme associated with central mon... more Monoamine oxidase (MAO, E.C. 1.4.3.4) is the most well-studied enzyme associated with central monoamine transmitter systems (see Fowler et al, 1982; Oreland & Shaskan, 1983). It is abundant in eukariotic cells where it is localized in the outer mitochondrial membrane, the nuclear membrane and possibly in the endoplasmatic reticulum. At least in mammals, it exists in two forms, MAO-A and -B, where the A-form is characterized by a high sensitivity to the inhibitor clorgyline and usually a low sensitivity to inhibition by l-deprenyl. The B form, on the other hand, is relatively resistant to inhibition by clorgyline, but usually highly sensitive to inhibition by l-deprenyl (see Fowler et al., 1978). In most human tissues, including the brain, both MAO-A and B are present (White & Glassman, 1977), whereas only the B form is found in human platelets (Donnelly & Murphy, 1977). In both human brain and platelets, MAO-B appears to be a single enzyme, as seems also to be the case with human brain MAO-A (Roth, 1976; Fowler et al., 1979; Fowler et al., 1980a).
Seventy-two patients suffering from chronic pain were treated with high frequency transcutaneous ... more Seventy-two patients suffering from chronic pain were treated with high frequency transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (hi-TNS). Significant predictors for a positive result were pains of neurogenic origin and pains located mainly in the extremities. CSF endorphin levels were determined for 22 patients with organic pain and the group with positive results from the treatment had somewhat (but not significantly) lower levels of fraction I endorphins. Age, sex or reported severity of pain had no predictive value.
In a series of 90 patients with chronic pain syndromes of psychogenic and organic etiology, the c... more In a series of 90 patients with chronic pain syndromes of psychogenic and organic etiology, the concentrations of fraction I endorphins in cerebrospinal fluid were investigated. A significant circannual variation in the concentrations of endorphins was found, with the highest concentrations in January-February and the lowest concentrations in July-August. There was no corresponding seasonal variation with regard to age, sex, bodylength, possible etiology of the pain syndrome self-rated pain levels, or experimental pain measures. Circannual difference in the intensity of symptoms in chronic pain syndromes and in affective disorders have been described in the literature. The present results suggest an association between these observations, giving further support for functional importance of endorphins in chronic pain.
19 patients with bipolar affective disorders were investigated with visual averaged evoked respon... more 19 patients with bipolar affective disorders were investigated with visual averaged evoked responses (V.AER) to different stimulus intensities. 7 patients were investigated only in the depressive phase, 8 only in the manic phase, 2 in both the depressive and the manic phase, 1 in the manic phase and after recovery, and 1 patient was followed in both the depressive and the manic phase and when recovered. Both the comparisons between the independent groups and the results from the individual patients followed in different phases of the disorder indicate that patients in the depressive phase have a tendency to decrease in maximum amplitude when stimulus intensity is increased (reducing). Patients in the manic phase, on the other hand, show increasing maximum amplitude with increasing stimulus intensity (augmenting). The biochemical basis for this switch in augmenting/reducing tendency seem to be changes in the activity in the monoaminergic systems.
Guidelines for biological Treatment of Schizophrenia, : Part 1: Acute Treatment of Schizophrenia ... more Guidelines for biological Treatment of Schizophrenia, : Part 1: Acute Treatment of Schizophrenia and Part 2: Long-term Treatment of Schizophrenia
On the psychobiology of impulsivity : On the psychobiology of personality: Essays in honor of Mar... more On the psychobiology of impulsivity : On the psychobiology of personality: Essays in honor of Marvin Zuckerman
The lithium RBC/plasma ratio was determined in 59 patients during prophylactic lithium therapy. N... more The lithium RBC/plasma ratio was determined in 59 patients during prophylactic lithium therapy. No relationship was found between the lithium RBC/plasma ratio and sex, age, type of illness, weight, lithium dosage, duration of treatment or lithium plasma level. However, patients taking a combination of lithium and neuroleptic drugs had significantly higher lithium RBC/plasma ratios than patients taking lithium without neuroleptic drugs. The results are in line with earlier in vitro studies and are discussed in relation to the high frequency of neurotoxic and nephrotoxic adverse effects noted in patients taking a combination of lithium and neuroleptic drugs.
61 patients - 28 suffering from bipolar, and 33 from unipolar psychotic affective disorders - com... more 61 patients - 28 suffering from bipolar, and 33 from unipolar psychotic affective disorders - completed two personality inventories, one before and one about 6 months after starting lithium treatment to prevent relapses. On the basis of empirical observations it had been assumed that personality characteristics would change more in bipolar than in unipolar patients and that these changes would concern mainly those personality characteristics which reflect sociability and impulsivity. The inventories used were the EPI and the MNT. The results were in agreement with the predictions. Moreover, a significant decrease in N-scores was found both in bipolar and unipolar patients. It is assumed that these changes reflect both the therapeutic effect of lithium and an effect upon the personality characteristics of patients who suffer from bipolar or unipolar affective disorders.
IUPHAR 9th International Congress of Pharmacology, 1984
Monoamine oxidase (MAO, E.C. 1.4.3.4) is the most well-studied enzyme associated with central mon... more Monoamine oxidase (MAO, E.C. 1.4.3.4) is the most well-studied enzyme associated with central monoamine transmitter systems (see Fowler et al, 1982; Oreland & Shaskan, 1983). It is abundant in eukariotic cells where it is localized in the outer mitochondrial membrane, the nuclear membrane and possibly in the endoplasmatic reticulum. At least in mammals, it exists in two forms, MAO-A and -B, where the A-form is characterized by a high sensitivity to the inhibitor clorgyline and usually a low sensitivity to inhibition by l-deprenyl. The B form, on the other hand, is relatively resistant to inhibition by clorgyline, but usually highly sensitive to inhibition by l-deprenyl (see Fowler et al., 1978). In most human tissues, including the brain, both MAO-A and B are present (White & Glassman, 1977), whereas only the B form is found in human platelets (Donnelly & Murphy, 1977). In both human brain and platelets, MAO-B appears to be a single enzyme, as seems also to be the case with human brain MAO-A (Roth, 1976; Fowler et al., 1979; Fowler et al., 1980a).
Seventy-two patients suffering from chronic pain were treated with high frequency transcutaneous ... more Seventy-two patients suffering from chronic pain were treated with high frequency transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (hi-TNS). Significant predictors for a positive result were pains of neurogenic origin and pains located mainly in the extremities. CSF endorphin levels were determined for 22 patients with organic pain and the group with positive results from the treatment had somewhat (but not significantly) lower levels of fraction I endorphins. Age, sex or reported severity of pain had no predictive value.
In a series of 90 patients with chronic pain syndromes of psychogenic and organic etiology, the c... more In a series of 90 patients with chronic pain syndromes of psychogenic and organic etiology, the concentrations of fraction I endorphins in cerebrospinal fluid were investigated. A significant circannual variation in the concentrations of endorphins was found, with the highest concentrations in January-February and the lowest concentrations in July-August. There was no corresponding seasonal variation with regard to age, sex, bodylength, possible etiology of the pain syndrome self-rated pain levels, or experimental pain measures. Circannual difference in the intensity of symptoms in chronic pain syndromes and in affective disorders have been described in the literature. The present results suggest an association between these observations, giving further support for functional importance of endorphins in chronic pain.
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