According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), the average global temperature... more According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), the average global temperature has risen over the last century. The changes in climate could adversely impact human health, agriculture, water resources and ecosystems. Most national and international agencies have concluded that our use of carbon-rich fuel is responsible for global warming through the greenhouse effect. Automotive exhaust emissions are the largest single source of air pollution in the world today, especially in urban areas. Natural gas, a fossil fuel that offers substantial advantages over oil-derived fuels, can facilitate the transition to hydrogen fuel. Advanced natural gas- fuelled vehicles have the potential to reduce carbon monoxide and reactive hydrocarbon emissions substantially compared to gasoline vehicles. Further environmental benefits can be realized by using a blend of natural gas and hydrogen. Such an approach will help create an infrastructure for an eventual transition to hydrogen.
ABSTRACT Dielectric and pressure virial coefficients of five mixtures of CO2–SF6 have been determ... more ABSTRACT Dielectric and pressure virial coefficients of five mixtures of CO2–SF6 have been determined at 322.85 K. The quadrupole moment of CO2 calculated from the dielectric second virial coefficient of the CO2–SF6 mixture is (4.48±0.30)×10−26 esu cm2. This value is in excellent agreement with the most recent value determined by the direct method of induced birefringence by Battaglia et al. The hexadecapole moment of SF6 calculated from the second dielectric virial coefficient of the pure gas is (10.75±0.75)×10−42 esu cm4.
... A. Hourri, JM St-Arnaud, and TK Bose Institut de Recherche sur l'Hydroge`ne, Départe... more ... A. Hourri, JM St-Arnaud, and TK Bose Institut de Recherche sur l'Hydroge`ne, Département de Physique, Université du Québec a` Trois-Rivie`res, Québec, G9A 5H7 Canada (Received 21 January 1998; accepted for publication 8 April 1998) ... 17 J. Huot and TK Bose, J. Chem. ...
Clean Air: International Journal on Energy for A Clean Environment, 2005
ABSTRACT At the onset of this new century, we are facing the early warning signs of an impending ... more ABSTRACT At the onset of this new century, we are facing the early warning signs of an impending global environmental crisis. We are also becoming aware of the finite nature of our fossil fuel sources and their uneven distribution. These challenges favor a transition to a new energy system based on hydrogen, a clean energy vector. In this article, we discuss the challenges to the introduction of hydrogen on the energy market: production, infrastructure, safety, with special emphasis on hydrogen storage, as well as the solutions proposed to overcome them.
According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), the average global temperature... more According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), the average global temperature has risen over the last century. The changes in climate could adversely impact human health, agriculture, water resources, and ecosystems. Most national and international agencies have concluded that our use of carbon-rich fuel is responsible for global warming through the greenhouse effect. Automotive exhaust emissions are the largest single source of air pollution in the world today, especially in urban areas. Natural gas, a fossil fuel that offers substantial advantages over oil-derived fuels, can facilitate the transition to hydrogen fuel. Advanced natural gasfueled vehicles have the potential to reduce carbon monoxide and reactive hydrocarbon emissions substantially compared to gasoline vehicles. Further environmental benefits can be realized by using a blend of natural gas and hydrogen. Such an approach will help create an infrastructure for an eventual transition to hydrogen.
ABSTRACT A computer‐controlled measuring system (CCMS) of the dielectric constant (ϵ) in the gas ... more ABSTRACT A computer‐controlled measuring system (CCMS) of the dielectric constant (ϵ) in the gas phase as a function of pressure (P) and temperature (T) is described. The automated experimental setup is capable of performing the necessary measurements for the determination of the first three dielectric virial coefficients. Combining the value of ϵ with these dielectric virial coefficients, it is possible to calculate the density and, hence, the compressibility factor of the gas. The CCMS is as accurate as the best methods for the determination of ρ and has the ability to produce numerous experimental data in a short period of time
The effect of surfaces on the extent of high pressure horizontal unignited jets of hydrogen and m... more The effect of surfaces on the extent of high pressure horizontal unignited jets of hydrogen and methane is studied using computer fluid dynamics simulations performed with FLACS Hydrogen. Results for constant flow rate through a 6.35 mm diameter pressure relief Device (PRD) orifice from 100 barg, 250 barg, 400 barg, 550 barg and 700 barg compressed gas systems are presented for both horizontal hydrogen and methane jets. To quantify the effect of a horizontal surface on the jet, the jet exit is positioned at various heights above the ground ranging from 0.1 m to 10 m. Free jet simulations are performed for comparison purposes. Also, for cross-validation purposes, a number of cases for 100 barg releases were simulated using proprietary models developed for hydrogen within commercial CFD software PHOENICS. It is found that the presence of a surface and its proximity to the jet centreline result in a pronounced increase in the extent of the flammable cloud compared to a free jet.
The results of a numerical simulation of the current distribution of a three-dimensional, tubular... more The results of a numerical simulation of the current distribution of a three-dimensional, tubular shaped, proton exchange membrane fuel cell model are presented. An integrated flow and current density model to predict current density distributions in two dimensions along the membrane has been developed. The numerical model has a cylindrical geometry that includes diffusion layers on the anode and cathode side, the anode being the inner most electrode, and solves the same primary flow related variables along the channels and the diffusion layers. The simulation was performed with commercial flow solver software where a control volume approach was used and source term equations that characterize the electrochemical aspects of the fuel cell have been added.
Studies on the effect of surfaces on the extent of the flammable cloud of high-pressure horizonta... more Studies on the effect of surfaces on the extent of the flammable cloud of high-pressure horizontal and vertical jets of hydrogen and methane are performed using CFD numerical simulations. For the horizontal jets, two scenarios pertaining to the location of the surface are studied: horizontal surface (the ground), and vertical surface (side wall). For a constant flow rate release, the extent of the flammable cloud is determined as a function of time. Effects of the proximity of the surface on the flammable extent along the axis of the jet and its impact on the maximum extent of the flammable cloud is explored and compared for both hydrogen and methane. The results are also compared to the predictions of the Birch correlations for flammable extents. It is found that the presence of a surface and its proximity to the jet centerline result in a pronounced increase in the extent of the flammable cloud compared to a free jet.
According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), the average global temperature... more According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), the average global temperature has risen over the last century. The changes in climate could adversely impact human health, agriculture, water resources and ecosystems. Most national and international agencies have concluded that our use of carbon-rich fuel is responsible for global warming through the greenhouse effect. Automotive exhaust emissions are the largest single source of air pollution in the world today, especially in urban areas. Natural gas, a fossil fuel that offers substantial advantages over oil-derived fuels, can facilitate the transition to hydrogen fuel. Advanced natural gas- fuelled vehicles have the potential to reduce carbon monoxide and reactive hydrocarbon emissions substantially compared to gasoline vehicles. Further environmental benefits can be realized by using a blend of natural gas and hydrogen. Such an approach will help create an infrastructure for an eventual transition to hydrogen.
ABSTRACT Dielectric and pressure virial coefficients of five mixtures of CO2–SF6 have been determ... more ABSTRACT Dielectric and pressure virial coefficients of five mixtures of CO2–SF6 have been determined at 322.85 K. The quadrupole moment of CO2 calculated from the dielectric second virial coefficient of the CO2–SF6 mixture is (4.48±0.30)×10−26 esu cm2. This value is in excellent agreement with the most recent value determined by the direct method of induced birefringence by Battaglia et al. The hexadecapole moment of SF6 calculated from the second dielectric virial coefficient of the pure gas is (10.75±0.75)×10−42 esu cm4.
... A. Hourri, JM St-Arnaud, and TK Bose Institut de Recherche sur l'Hydroge`ne, Départe... more ... A. Hourri, JM St-Arnaud, and TK Bose Institut de Recherche sur l'Hydroge`ne, Département de Physique, Université du Québec a` Trois-Rivie`res, Québec, G9A 5H7 Canada (Received 21 January 1998; accepted for publication 8 April 1998) ... 17 J. Huot and TK Bose, J. Chem. ...
Clean Air: International Journal on Energy for A Clean Environment, 2005
ABSTRACT At the onset of this new century, we are facing the early warning signs of an impending ... more ABSTRACT At the onset of this new century, we are facing the early warning signs of an impending global environmental crisis. We are also becoming aware of the finite nature of our fossil fuel sources and their uneven distribution. These challenges favor a transition to a new energy system based on hydrogen, a clean energy vector. In this article, we discuss the challenges to the introduction of hydrogen on the energy market: production, infrastructure, safety, with special emphasis on hydrogen storage, as well as the solutions proposed to overcome them.
According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), the average global temperature... more According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), the average global temperature has risen over the last century. The changes in climate could adversely impact human health, agriculture, water resources, and ecosystems. Most national and international agencies have concluded that our use of carbon-rich fuel is responsible for global warming through the greenhouse effect. Automotive exhaust emissions are the largest single source of air pollution in the world today, especially in urban areas. Natural gas, a fossil fuel that offers substantial advantages over oil-derived fuels, can facilitate the transition to hydrogen fuel. Advanced natural gasfueled vehicles have the potential to reduce carbon monoxide and reactive hydrocarbon emissions substantially compared to gasoline vehicles. Further environmental benefits can be realized by using a blend of natural gas and hydrogen. Such an approach will help create an infrastructure for an eventual transition to hydrogen.
ABSTRACT A computer‐controlled measuring system (CCMS) of the dielectric constant (ϵ) in the gas ... more ABSTRACT A computer‐controlled measuring system (CCMS) of the dielectric constant (ϵ) in the gas phase as a function of pressure (P) and temperature (T) is described. The automated experimental setup is capable of performing the necessary measurements for the determination of the first three dielectric virial coefficients. Combining the value of ϵ with these dielectric virial coefficients, it is possible to calculate the density and, hence, the compressibility factor of the gas. The CCMS is as accurate as the best methods for the determination of ρ and has the ability to produce numerous experimental data in a short period of time
The effect of surfaces on the extent of high pressure horizontal unignited jets of hydrogen and m... more The effect of surfaces on the extent of high pressure horizontal unignited jets of hydrogen and methane is studied using computer fluid dynamics simulations performed with FLACS Hydrogen. Results for constant flow rate through a 6.35 mm diameter pressure relief Device (PRD) orifice from 100 barg, 250 barg, 400 barg, 550 barg and 700 barg compressed gas systems are presented for both horizontal hydrogen and methane jets. To quantify the effect of a horizontal surface on the jet, the jet exit is positioned at various heights above the ground ranging from 0.1 m to 10 m. Free jet simulations are performed for comparison purposes. Also, for cross-validation purposes, a number of cases for 100 barg releases were simulated using proprietary models developed for hydrogen within commercial CFD software PHOENICS. It is found that the presence of a surface and its proximity to the jet centreline result in a pronounced increase in the extent of the flammable cloud compared to a free jet.
The results of a numerical simulation of the current distribution of a three-dimensional, tubular... more The results of a numerical simulation of the current distribution of a three-dimensional, tubular shaped, proton exchange membrane fuel cell model are presented. An integrated flow and current density model to predict current density distributions in two dimensions along the membrane has been developed. The numerical model has a cylindrical geometry that includes diffusion layers on the anode and cathode side, the anode being the inner most electrode, and solves the same primary flow related variables along the channels and the diffusion layers. The simulation was performed with commercial flow solver software where a control volume approach was used and source term equations that characterize the electrochemical aspects of the fuel cell have been added.
Studies on the effect of surfaces on the extent of the flammable cloud of high-pressure horizonta... more Studies on the effect of surfaces on the extent of the flammable cloud of high-pressure horizontal and vertical jets of hydrogen and methane are performed using CFD numerical simulations. For the horizontal jets, two scenarios pertaining to the location of the surface are studied: horizontal surface (the ground), and vertical surface (side wall). For a constant flow rate release, the extent of the flammable cloud is determined as a function of time. Effects of the proximity of the surface on the flammable extent along the axis of the jet and its impact on the maximum extent of the flammable cloud is explored and compared for both hydrogen and methane. The results are also compared to the predictions of the Birch correlations for flammable extents. It is found that the presence of a surface and its proximity to the jet centerline result in a pronounced increase in the extent of the flammable cloud compared to a free jet.
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