Papers by Jean-Francois Millaire
Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports
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Desde el Sur
El presente artículo explora las prácticas sociopolíticas indígenas en la antigua provincia de Hu... more El presente artículo explora las prácticas sociopolíticas indígenas en la antigua provincia de Huamachuco (norte del Perú), a través del análisis de un documento legal de la primera década del siglo XVII. Se analiza un pleito sobre la organización política indígena del área, ilustrando sobre la interacción entre un cacicazgo en la sierra de Huamachuco y un cacicazgo en una zona intermedia entre la costa y la sierra, el de Simbal. Basados en este estudio de caso, y el análisis de los argumentos presentados por las partes, se concluye la presencia de una fuerte permanencia de prácticas políticas prehispánicas, incluso preínca, durante el comienzo del periodo colonial, lo que se constituye en un aporte al conocimiento de la historia local y los regionalismos del área referentes a cacicazgos coloniales.
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Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 2010
The origins of urban life and functioning states are two of the most fascinating research problem... more The origins of urban life and functioning states are two of the most fascinating research problems in anthropological archeology and a topic that has intrigued generations of scholars working on the Peruvian north coast. In this region, Andeanists have documented the rise of Moche as a dominant culture during the first millennium A.D., and the emergence of urban life and stately institutions at this society’s principal center. Although there is a broad consensus that Moche represents an archaic state, it is still unclear whether it is an example of primary state formation or a case of a second-generation state. To document this question, archaeological excavations were recently carried out at the Gallinazo Group site in the Virú Valley. Results from a radiocarbon dating program indicate that a functioning state probably emerged in this valley during the second century B.C., possibly preceding Moche by a few centuries. These results necessarily raise question regarding the nature of ...
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Quaternary International
Although conservation practices facilitate the preservation of museum collections, procedures use... more Although conservation practices facilitate the preservation of museum collections, procedures used to stabilize ancient materials can alter their chemical and isotopic compositions, impacting the viability of such specimens for life history investigations. In this study, we applied two common consolidants – polyvinyl acetate (PVAc) and acrylic resin (Paraloid B-72™) – followed by two consolidant removal procedures to assess the impacts of these processes on the stable isotope compositions and structural characteristics of a series of subsamples taken from a representative archaeological faunal bone. We examined the collagen (δ13Ccol and δ15Ncol), structural carbonate (δ13Csc and δ18Osc), and phosphate (δ18Op) isotopic compositions of the bone sample before and after consolidation to evaluate consolidant removal procedures. We also measured δ13Csc, δ18Osc, and structural characteristics before and after the pre-treatment commonly used to remove organic matter and secondary carbonate prior to isotopic analyses. Our results produced five main outcomes. First, an acetone treatment shorter than 48 h was sufficient to remove PVAc and acrylic resin from archaeological bone without altering the original δ13Ccol and δ15Ncol. Second, prolonged exposure (>48 h) to polar solvents during the consolidant removal procedure and collagen extraction modified collagen isotopic compositions, lowering its original δ13Ccol by 0.3–0.4 ‰ and increasing its original δ15Ncol by up to 0.9 ‰. Third, the consolidant application and removal procedures altered the original δ13Csc and δ18Osc. Fourth, the change in δ18Osc was likely caused by the bleach (2% NaClO at 20 ◦C for 72 h)/acetic acid (0.1 M for 4 h at 20 ◦C) pre-treatment applied prior to isotopic analyses. Fifth, our results confirm and expand on previous studies reporting that δ18Op remains unaltered after consolidant and solvent procedures. These outcomes provide a framework for obtaining reliable stable isotope compositions from archaeological bones that have been stabilized using consolidants.
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Gallinazo, 2009
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Gallinazo, 2009
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This Dissertation/Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by Scholarship@Western. It ha... more This Dissertation/Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by Scholarship@Western. It has been accepted for inclusion in Electronic Thesis
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For decades north coast specialists worked within a paradigm that viewed the Moche as an expansio... more For decades north coast specialists worked within a paradigm that viewed the Moche as an expansionist state. Moche fine ware was regarded as a reliable indicator for dating this polity's imperialism over its neighbours, an idea that traces its roots to the Virú Valley Project of the 1940s. Extensive recent field research has led many to question this colonial model, however, and to propose other, more fragmented, geopolitical scenarios. This shift has both undermined the universal usefulness of using fine wares like Moche for building chronologies and constructing political histories, and also underscored the need for refined chronologies in each valley. This shift led us to question the accuracy of the original Virú Valley seriation and to develop a program of radiocarbon dating in Virú. In this paper we present results from this program that sheds light on the political histories and foreign policies of the Virú and Moche polities during the Early Intermediate Period.
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Over the last decades, considerable effort has been directed towards the study of early complex s... more Over the last decades, considerable effort has been directed towards the study of early complex societies of northern Peru, and in recent years archaeologists have expressed a strong interest in the art and archaeology of the Moche, Lambayeque and Chimu societies. Yet, comparatively little attention has been paid to the earlier cultural foundations of north coast civilisation: the Gallinazo. In the recent years, however, the work of a number of north coast specialists brought about a large quantity of data on the Gallinazo occupation of the coast, but a coherent framework for studying this culture had yet to be defined. The present volume is the result of a round table, which gathered some thirty scholars from Europe and North and South America to discuss the Gallinazo phenomenon. In fourteen chapters, authors with different perspectives and backgrounds re-consider the nature of the Gallinazo culture and its position within north coast cultural history, while addressing wider issues...
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The Art and Archaeology of the Moche, 2008
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Ritual Violence in the Ancient Andes, 2016
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Latin American Antiquity, 2021
In 2019, while conducting a survey of the Carabamba River valley (ca. 150–3,325 m asl) in norther... more In 2019, while conducting a survey of the Carabamba River valley (ca. 150–3,325 m asl) in northern Peru, we identified and surveyed a group of five unreported geoglyphs. Their location and iconography suggest that they date from the Formative period (1800–200 BC) and that they were possibly associated with a form of fertility ritual.
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This work is an archaeological investigation of the Moche culture of northern Peru (ca. AD 100-80... more This work is an archaeological investigation of the Moche culture of northern Peru (ca. AD 100-800). It is a study of Moche burial patterns and social structure. One of the main objectives of this research was to bring together information available on Moche burials from different settlements and from contexts dating to the Early, Middle, and Late Moche periods as well as the Transitional period. General patterns regarding burial context and energy expenditure are identified. The nature of social status is explored and some general principles of social structure are detailed. Issues regarding funerary rites of passage, delayed burial, grave re-entry, and funerary specialists are also discussed with regard to Moche representation of death.
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Journal of Anthropological Archaeology, 2020
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Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences, 2018
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Journal of Ethnobiology, 2018
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Environmental Archaeology, 2019
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Papers by Jean-Francois Millaire