MRSA (Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus) has been recognized as an important pathogen l... more MRSA (Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus) has been recognized as an important pathogen leading to the problems in the hospitals worldwide. Currently, treatment options for MRSA infections are limited to both very few and expensive drugs such as Teicoplanin, Vancomycin and Linezolid. The difficult and expensive methods to combat the pathogens have led people to search the natural way of healing with medicinal plants. In this study, an ethno botanical approach to MRSA pathogens has been shown by using medicinal and aromatic plants. Field studies were carried out in the Inner Western Anatolia, and interviews were performed with 11 people, (8 males and 3 females) whose age ranged between 50 and 75, who have had an operation and were infected with MRSA. They have also been cured with medicinal plants as ethnobotanical practices or have been undergoing a cure during the study carried out. 21 plant species belonging to 16 families were identified and their ethnobotanical uses to M...
Bioremediation is defined as the application of biological processes to the treatment of pollutio... more Bioremediation is defined as the application of biological processes to the treatment of pollution. Most research on the field of bioremediation has focused on bacteria, and fungal bioremediation (mycoremediation) has also been attracting the interest just for a couple of decades. The toxicity of many pollutants reduces natural attenuation of bacteria, but white-rot fungi (WRF) can challenge with toxic levels of the most pollutants. Fungi are robust organisms having very high tolerance to toxic environments, and this feature makes them ideal to use for bioremedial purposes. White-rot fungi are basidiomycetes that are capable of degrading a lignocellulose substrate. Extracellular enzymes involved in the degradation of lignin and xenobiotics by white-rot fungi include several kinds of laccases, peroxidases, and oxidases producing H2O2. Nowadays, great progress in this area may derive from modern molecular technologies, which may provide cheaper potential sources of various enzymes by means of genetically modified microorganisms or plants.
Afyon Kocatepe Universitesi Tip Fakultesi Hastanesinde sik izole edilen bazi nozokomiyal patojenl... more Afyon Kocatepe Universitesi Tip Fakultesi Hastanesinde sik izole edilen bazi nozokomiyal patojenlere (Metisilin Resistant Staphlycoccus aureus-MRSA, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aemginosa, Acinetobacter baumannii) karsi %10’luk povidon-iyot, %4’luk klorheksidin glukonat, %2’lik gluteraldehit, %70’lik 2-propanol ve octenidine hydrochloride’in etkinlikleri Kalitatif Suspansiyon Testi ile arastirilmistir. Klorheksidin glukonat ve gluteraldehitin bu patojenlere karsi en etkili dezenfektanlar oldugu saptanmistir. Povidon- iyot’un %1’lik konsantrasyonunun bu patojenlere karsi etkisiz oldugu bulunmustur. Saf haldeki yuzde yetmislik 2-propanol P.aeruginosa ve A.baumannii suslarmm hepsine etkili oldugu bulunmustur. Buna karsin %70’lik 2-propanol’un saf halde MRSA suslarmda 30 dakika icinde, E. coli suslarmda ise 10 dakika icinde etkinlik gosterdigi saptanmistir. Octenidine hydrochloridinin %25’lik, %10’luk ve %1’lik dilusyonlarmm Pseudomonas aeruginosa ya etkili olmadigi gozlenmistir. Ayric...
Abstract: The changes in nebularine production, protein bands with SDS-PAGE, total protein, total... more Abstract: The changes in nebularine production, protein bands with SDS-PAGE, total protein, total lipid, and fatty acid quantities in Streptomyces yokusukanensis ATCC 25520, which produces nebularine, a purine riboside antibiotic (9-§-D-ribofuranosylpurine), were ...
Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have been used in a variety of biomedical applications in the last t... more Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have been used in a variety of biomedical applications in the last two decades, including antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer treatments. The present study highlights the extracellular synthesis of silver nanoparticles AgNPs using Neopestalotiopsis clavispora MH244410.1 and its antibacterial, antibiofilm, and genotoxic properties. Locally isolated N. clavispora MH244410.1 was identified by Internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences of nuclear ribosomal DNA. Optimization of synthesized AgNPs was performed by using various parameters (pH (2, 4, 7, 9 and 12), temperature (25, 35 and 45 °C), and substrate concentration (0.05, 0.1, 0.15, 0.2 and 0.25 mM)). After 72 hours of incubation in dark conditions, the best condition for the biosynthesis of AgNPs was determined as 0.25 mM metal concentration at pH 12 and 35 °C. Fungal synthesized AgNPs were characterized via spectroscopic and microscopic techniques such as Fouirer Transform Infrared Spectr...
Age structure and growth of the Caucasian parsley frog, Pelodytes caucasicus from Turkey was asse... more Age structure and growth of the Caucasian parsley frog, Pelodytes caucasicus from Turkey was assessed using phalangeal skeletochronology. Snout-vent length (SVL) ranged from 41.48 to 52.58 mm (mean ± SD: 47.16 ± 2.87, n = 44) in males and 40.28 to 50.62 mm (mean ± SD: 45.79 ± 2.29, n = 31) in females. Ages of adults ranged from 2 to 5 years in males (mean ± SD: 3.61 ± 0.9) and from 2 to 4 years (mean ± SD: 3.03 ± 0.7) in females. For both sexes, SVL was significantly correlated with age and maturity was attained at 2 years of age. Von Bertalanffy growth curves of age vs. SVL showed a similar profile between males (asymptotic size, SVL max : 53.42 mm; growth coefficient k = 0.42) and female (SVL max : 52.04 mm; k = 0.38). Adult annual survivorship and adult life expectancy were 0.78 and 5.04 years, respectively, in males; 0.76 and 4.66 years, respectively, in females. Comparison with Georgian populations of P. caucasicus suggests that sexual dimorphism in size and longevity is a spec...
The fungi are becoming the distinguished organisms utilized in the biological synthesis of metall... more The fungi are becoming the distinguished organisms utilized in the biological synthesis of metallic nanoparticles because of their metal bioaccumulation ability. Addressed herein, the extracellular synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) was carried out by using the cell‐free filtrate of Penicillium toxicarium KJ173540.1. P. toxicarium was locally isolated and identified using both classical and molecular methods according to ribosomal internal transcribed spacer area of 18S rDNA. The optimum conditions for the AgNPs synthesis were found as 0.25 mM AgNO3 concentrations with pH 12 values at 45°C after 64 hr incubation in dark. Biosynthesized AgNPs were characterized via microscopic and spectroscopic techniques such as transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X‐ray analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometer, and ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy. Zetasizer measurements presented that the high negative potential value (−18.1 mV) and PDI (0.495) supported the excellent colloidal nature of AgNPs with long‐range stability and high dispersity. AgNPs exhibited cyto–genotoxicity in Allium cepa root meristem cells by decreasing mitotic index and increasing chromosome aberrations in a dose‐dependent manner. Then, 100 and 50% concentration of biosynthesized AgNPs showed antibacterial activity on Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis. A decreasing biofilm formation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa 80.69, 48.32, and 28.41% was also observed at 100, 50, and 25% of mycosynthesized AgNP, respectively.
Abstract Pitch oil production from Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) resinous wood is an intangibl... more Abstract Pitch oil production from Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) resinous wood is an intangible cultural heritage in the Central European region including the Czech Republic, Northern Austria and South Eastern Germany, and is related to traditions in Finland and Southern France. The heating of wood in small kilns also fueled by wood produces liquid for collection. Our detailed investigations of three pitch oil kilns in Upper Austria led to the discovery of relationships to the production of pine and birch tar in Fennoscandia and black pine tar production in Western Anatolia. Our measurements of temperatures at the bases of the kilns revealed a slow temperature rise. We predicted maximum temperatures based on infrared spectra, and measured overall temperatures in the range of 250 °C–650 °C. With gas chromatographic analyses of pitch oil we detected a dominant proportion of resin components and only a minor proportion of compounds attributable to pyrolytic transformation of solid wood mass. In most pitch oil samples the extractives comprised 90 %. Most samples were similar and only the first samples at the starting outflow were systematically dominated by pyrolysis products. Tar runoff from a traditional circular charcoal kiln for charcoal production – used as a reference – had a strongly different composition, with a high proportion of pyrolysis compounds.
Özet Bu çalışmada, gilaburu meyvesi (Viburnum opulus, GİLA) ekstraktının Streptozotozin (STZ) enj... more Özet Bu çalışmada, gilaburu meyvesi (Viburnum opulus, GİLA) ekstraktının Streptozotozin (STZ) enjeksiyonu ile diyabet modeli oluşturulan sıçanların kan glukoz seviyeleri ve böbrek doku homojenatları üzerindeki etkilerinin araştırılması amaçlanmıştır. Kan glukoz düzeyleri şeker ölçüm cihazı kullanılarak kuyruk kanında bakıldı. Glukoz tayini STZ enjeksiyonundan 48 saat sonra yapıldı. Bunun için 32 adet Wistar albino sıçan kullanıldı. Sıçanlar, her biri 8 hayvan içeren Kontrol, STZ, STZ + GİLA ve GİLA olmak üzere 4 gruba ayrılmıştır. 12 hafta sonra sakrifiye edildiler. Çalışma dönemlerinde, kan glukoz seviyeleri belirli aralıklarla ölçüldü ve böbrek doku parametreleri sakrifiye edildikten sonra doku homojenatlarında ölçüldü. Ölçülen parametreler Glutatyon (GSH), Malondialdehit (MDA) ve Total Antioksidan Kapasite (TAK) idi. Çalışmadan elde edilen sonuçlar SPSS yazılım programı kullanılarak analiz edildi ve P < 0.05 istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir deǧer olarak kabul edildi. Çalışmanın bulguları, GİLA tüketiminin güçlü antioksidan özellikleri nedeni ile diyabetik insanlarda olası nefropatiyi önleme konusunda yardımcı olabileceǧini göstermiştir. Anahtar kelimeler: Viburnum opulus, diyabet, bφbrek, oksidatif hasar, siηan In this study, it was aimed to investigate the effects of highbush cranberry (Viburnum opulus, GILA) fruit extract on blood glucose levels and kidney tissue homogenates of diabetes-modeled rats by injection of streptozotocin (STZ). Blood glucose levels of rats were measured in tail blood using a glucose meter. Glucose determination was done 48 h after STZ injection. For this, 32 Wistar albino rats were employed. The rats were divided into four groups; control, STZ, STZ + GILA, and GILA with containing eight animals each. After 12 weeks, they were sacrificed. During the study periods, blood glucose levels were measured periodically and kidney tissue parameters were measured in their homogenates after sacrificing the rats. The measured parameters were glutathione, Malondialdehyde (MDA), and total antioxidant status. The results obtained from the study were analyzed using the SPSS for Windows software, and P < 0.05 was assigned as statistically significant value. The findings of the study showed that GILA consumption could help diabetic people to prevent possible nephropathy due to its potent antioxidant features.
Neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric diseases are characterized by the structural and functiona... more Neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric diseases are characterized by the structural and functional abnormalities of neurons in certain regions of the brain. These abnormalities, which can result in progressive neuronal degeneration and functional disability, are incurable to date. Although comprehensive efforts have been made to figure out effective therapies against these diseases, partial success has been achieved and complete functional recovery is still not a reality. At present, plants and plant-derived compounds are getting more attention because of a plethora of pharmacological properties, and they are proving to be a better and safer target as therapeutic interventions. This review aims to highlight the roles of tannins, ‘the polyphenol phytochemicals’, in tackling neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases as well as neuropsychiatric disorders like depression. Among the multifarious pharmacological properties of tannins, anti-oxidative, anti-i...
Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2019
Nanoparticles are very effective compounds to transform and detoxicate common environmental conta... more Nanoparticles are very effective compounds to transform and detoxicate common environmental contaminants. For this reason, crude urban liquid wastewater sludges were treated by silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs, 100 nm) for 24 h. Both Ag-NPs’ treated and untreated sludges were examined for the evaluation if there are possible mutagenic/anti-mutagenic, cytotoxic, and genotoxic/anti-genotoxic effects by Ames and Allium cepa tests. The results were then subjected to statistical analyses by using SPSS software and p < 0.05 was accepted as a significant value. The data obtained from the Ames test showed that while untreated crude liquid sludge had a significant mutagenic effect, Ag-NP-treated one decreased its mutagenicity. Similar effects were also observed in the chromosome aberration-Allium cepa tests. Significant chromosome aberrations observed were C-metaphase, sticky metaphase, sticky anaphase, anaphase bridge, vagrant chromosome, and multipolar anaphases. Both tests demonstrated that silver nanoparticle treatment decreased the major mutagenicity and genotoxicity detected in the liquid wastewater sludges.
In this paper, radiation shielding parameters such as mass attenuation coefficients and half valu... more In this paper, radiation shielding parameters such as mass attenuation coefficients and half value layer (HVL) of some antioxidants are investigated using MCNPX (version 2.4.0). The validation of the generated MCNPX simulation geometry for antioxidant structures is provided by comparing the results with standard WinXcom data for radiation mass attenuation coefficients of antioxidants. Very good agreement between WİNXCOM and MCNPX was obtained. The results from the validated geometry were used to calculate the shielding parameters of different antioxidants. The radiation attenuation properties of each antioxidant were compared with each other. The results showed that, on average, the highest and the lowest radiation mass attenuation coefficients were observed on hesperidin and delphinidin chloride, respectively. It can be concluded that Monte Carlo simulation is a strong tool and an alternate method where experimental investigations are not possible and a standard simulation setup ca...
Journal of environmental science and health. Part A, Toxic/hazardous substances & environmental engineering, Jan 28, 2018
Chloroform and Bromoform are two abundant trihalomethanes found in Algerian drinking water. The i... more Chloroform and Bromoform are two abundant trihalomethanes found in Algerian drinking water. The investigation of the mutagenic hazard of these disinfection by-products was studied by Ames test as prokaryotic bioassay to show their mutagenic effects. For this, Salmonella typhimurium TA98 and TA100 strains were employed. Both chloroform and bromoform showed a direct mutagenic effect since the number of revertant colonies gradually increase in dose-dependent manner with all concentrations tested with the two bacterial strains and these were both in the absence and presence of S9 metabolic activation. The genotoxic hazard was also studied by random amplified polymorphic DNA test on the root cells of Allium cepa as eukaryotic bioassay. DNA extracted from the roots of the onion were incubated at different concentrations of chloroform and bromoform and then amplified by polymerase chain reaction. This was based on demonstrating a major effect of disappearance of bands compared to roots inc...
We aimed to evaluate the mutagenic effect of Anilofos, organophosphate pesticide, by using Ames/S... more We aimed to evaluate the mutagenic effect of Anilofos, organophosphate pesticide, by using Ames/Salmonella/microsome test. Its cytotoxic and genotoxic effects were also determined by chromosome aberration (CA), sister chromatid exchange (SCE) and micronucleus (MN) test in human peripheral blood lymphocytes. In the Ames test, five different concentrations of Anilofos were examined on TA97, TA98, TA100 and TA102 strains in the absence and presence of S9 fraction. According to the results all concentrations of this pesticide have not shown any mutagenic activity on TA97, TA100 and TA102 strains in the absence and presence of S9 fraction. But, 10, 100 and 1000 µg/plate concentrations of Anilofos were determined to be mutagenic on TA98 strain without S9 fraction. Lymphocytes were treated with various concentrations (25, 50, 100 and 200 µg/ml) of Anilofos for 24 and 48 h. The results of the assays showed that Anilofos did not induce SCE frequency, replication index and MN formation at all...
The genotoxicity and mutagenicity of Halfenprox, a synthetic pyrethroid insecticide and acaricide... more The genotoxicity and mutagenicity of Halfenprox, a synthetic pyrethroid insecticide and acaricide, was assessed using two standard genotoxicity assays of the Salmonella typhimurium mutagenicity assay (Ames test) and in vitro micronucleus (MN) assay in human peripheral lymphocytes. In the Ames test, Salmonella strains TA98 and TA100 were treated with or without S9 fraction. The doses of Halfenprox were 6.25, 12.5, 25, 50, and 100 μg/plate and test materials were dissolved in DMSO. The concentrations of Halfenprox did not show mutagenic activity on both strains with and without S9 fraction. The MN assay was used to investigate the genotoxic effects of Halfenprox in human peripheral lymphocytes treated with 250, 500, 750, and 1000 μg/ml concentrations of Halfenprox for 24 and 48 h, and at 1000 μg/ml the concentration was significantly increased and the MN formation was compared with the negative control for both treatment periods. In addition, a significant decrease of the nuclear devision index (NDI) values at the higher concentrations of Halfenprox and at both treatment periods was observed.
New methacrylate monomers, 2‐{[(diphenylmethylene)amino]oxy}‐2‐oxoethyl methacrylate (DPOMA) and ... more New methacrylate monomers, 2‐{[(diphenylmethylene)amino]oxy}‐2‐oxoethyl methacrylate (DPOMA) and 2‐{[(1‐phenylethylidene)ami no]oxy}‐2‐oxoethyl methacrylate (MMOMA) were prepared by reaction of sodium methacrylate with diphenylmethanone O‐(2‐chloroacetyl) oxime and 1‐phenylethanone O‐(2‐chloroacetyl) oxime, respectively. They were obtained from a reaction of chloroacetyl chloride with benzophenone oxime or acetophenone oxime. The free‐radical‐initiated copolymerization of (DPOMA) and (MMOMA) with styrene (St) were carried out in 1,4‐dioxane solution at 65°C
MRSA (Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus) has been recognized as an important pathogen l... more MRSA (Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus) has been recognized as an important pathogen leading to the problems in the hospitals worldwide. Currently, treatment options for MRSA infections are limited to both very few and expensive drugs such as Teicoplanin, Vancomycin and Linezolid. The difficult and expensive methods to combat the pathogens have led people to search the natural way of healing with medicinal plants. In this study, an ethno botanical approach to MRSA pathogens has been shown by using medicinal and aromatic plants. Field studies were carried out in the Inner Western Anatolia, and interviews were performed with 11 people, (8 males and 3 females) whose age ranged between 50 and 75, who have had an operation and were infected with MRSA. They have also been cured with medicinal plants as ethnobotanical practices or have been undergoing a cure during the study carried out. 21 plant species belonging to 16 families were identified and their ethnobotanical uses to M...
Bioremediation is defined as the application of biological processes to the treatment of pollutio... more Bioremediation is defined as the application of biological processes to the treatment of pollution. Most research on the field of bioremediation has focused on bacteria, and fungal bioremediation (mycoremediation) has also been attracting the interest just for a couple of decades. The toxicity of many pollutants reduces natural attenuation of bacteria, but white-rot fungi (WRF) can challenge with toxic levels of the most pollutants. Fungi are robust organisms having very high tolerance to toxic environments, and this feature makes them ideal to use for bioremedial purposes. White-rot fungi are basidiomycetes that are capable of degrading a lignocellulose substrate. Extracellular enzymes involved in the degradation of lignin and xenobiotics by white-rot fungi include several kinds of laccases, peroxidases, and oxidases producing H2O2. Nowadays, great progress in this area may derive from modern molecular technologies, which may provide cheaper potential sources of various enzymes by means of genetically modified microorganisms or plants.
Afyon Kocatepe Universitesi Tip Fakultesi Hastanesinde sik izole edilen bazi nozokomiyal patojenl... more Afyon Kocatepe Universitesi Tip Fakultesi Hastanesinde sik izole edilen bazi nozokomiyal patojenlere (Metisilin Resistant Staphlycoccus aureus-MRSA, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aemginosa, Acinetobacter baumannii) karsi %10’luk povidon-iyot, %4’luk klorheksidin glukonat, %2’lik gluteraldehit, %70’lik 2-propanol ve octenidine hydrochloride’in etkinlikleri Kalitatif Suspansiyon Testi ile arastirilmistir. Klorheksidin glukonat ve gluteraldehitin bu patojenlere karsi en etkili dezenfektanlar oldugu saptanmistir. Povidon- iyot’un %1’lik konsantrasyonunun bu patojenlere karsi etkisiz oldugu bulunmustur. Saf haldeki yuzde yetmislik 2-propanol P.aeruginosa ve A.baumannii suslarmm hepsine etkili oldugu bulunmustur. Buna karsin %70’lik 2-propanol’un saf halde MRSA suslarmda 30 dakika icinde, E. coli suslarmda ise 10 dakika icinde etkinlik gosterdigi saptanmistir. Octenidine hydrochloridinin %25’lik, %10’luk ve %1’lik dilusyonlarmm Pseudomonas aeruginosa ya etkili olmadigi gozlenmistir. Ayric...
Abstract: The changes in nebularine production, protein bands with SDS-PAGE, total protein, total... more Abstract: The changes in nebularine production, protein bands with SDS-PAGE, total protein, total lipid, and fatty acid quantities in Streptomyces yokusukanensis ATCC 25520, which produces nebularine, a purine riboside antibiotic (9-§-D-ribofuranosylpurine), were ...
Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have been used in a variety of biomedical applications in the last t... more Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have been used in a variety of biomedical applications in the last two decades, including antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer treatments. The present study highlights the extracellular synthesis of silver nanoparticles AgNPs using Neopestalotiopsis clavispora MH244410.1 and its antibacterial, antibiofilm, and genotoxic properties. Locally isolated N. clavispora MH244410.1 was identified by Internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences of nuclear ribosomal DNA. Optimization of synthesized AgNPs was performed by using various parameters (pH (2, 4, 7, 9 and 12), temperature (25, 35 and 45 °C), and substrate concentration (0.05, 0.1, 0.15, 0.2 and 0.25 mM)). After 72 hours of incubation in dark conditions, the best condition for the biosynthesis of AgNPs was determined as 0.25 mM metal concentration at pH 12 and 35 °C. Fungal synthesized AgNPs were characterized via spectroscopic and microscopic techniques such as Fouirer Transform Infrared Spectr...
Age structure and growth of the Caucasian parsley frog, Pelodytes caucasicus from Turkey was asse... more Age structure and growth of the Caucasian parsley frog, Pelodytes caucasicus from Turkey was assessed using phalangeal skeletochronology. Snout-vent length (SVL) ranged from 41.48 to 52.58 mm (mean ± SD: 47.16 ± 2.87, n = 44) in males and 40.28 to 50.62 mm (mean ± SD: 45.79 ± 2.29, n = 31) in females. Ages of adults ranged from 2 to 5 years in males (mean ± SD: 3.61 ± 0.9) and from 2 to 4 years (mean ± SD: 3.03 ± 0.7) in females. For both sexes, SVL was significantly correlated with age and maturity was attained at 2 years of age. Von Bertalanffy growth curves of age vs. SVL showed a similar profile between males (asymptotic size, SVL max : 53.42 mm; growth coefficient k = 0.42) and female (SVL max : 52.04 mm; k = 0.38). Adult annual survivorship and adult life expectancy were 0.78 and 5.04 years, respectively, in males; 0.76 and 4.66 years, respectively, in females. Comparison with Georgian populations of P. caucasicus suggests that sexual dimorphism in size and longevity is a spec...
The fungi are becoming the distinguished organisms utilized in the biological synthesis of metall... more The fungi are becoming the distinguished organisms utilized in the biological synthesis of metallic nanoparticles because of their metal bioaccumulation ability. Addressed herein, the extracellular synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) was carried out by using the cell‐free filtrate of Penicillium toxicarium KJ173540.1. P. toxicarium was locally isolated and identified using both classical and molecular methods according to ribosomal internal transcribed spacer area of 18S rDNA. The optimum conditions for the AgNPs synthesis were found as 0.25 mM AgNO3 concentrations with pH 12 values at 45°C after 64 hr incubation in dark. Biosynthesized AgNPs were characterized via microscopic and spectroscopic techniques such as transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X‐ray analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometer, and ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy. Zetasizer measurements presented that the high negative potential value (−18.1 mV) and PDI (0.495) supported the excellent colloidal nature of AgNPs with long‐range stability and high dispersity. AgNPs exhibited cyto–genotoxicity in Allium cepa root meristem cells by decreasing mitotic index and increasing chromosome aberrations in a dose‐dependent manner. Then, 100 and 50% concentration of biosynthesized AgNPs showed antibacterial activity on Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis. A decreasing biofilm formation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa 80.69, 48.32, and 28.41% was also observed at 100, 50, and 25% of mycosynthesized AgNP, respectively.
Abstract Pitch oil production from Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) resinous wood is an intangibl... more Abstract Pitch oil production from Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) resinous wood is an intangible cultural heritage in the Central European region including the Czech Republic, Northern Austria and South Eastern Germany, and is related to traditions in Finland and Southern France. The heating of wood in small kilns also fueled by wood produces liquid for collection. Our detailed investigations of three pitch oil kilns in Upper Austria led to the discovery of relationships to the production of pine and birch tar in Fennoscandia and black pine tar production in Western Anatolia. Our measurements of temperatures at the bases of the kilns revealed a slow temperature rise. We predicted maximum temperatures based on infrared spectra, and measured overall temperatures in the range of 250 °C–650 °C. With gas chromatographic analyses of pitch oil we detected a dominant proportion of resin components and only a minor proportion of compounds attributable to pyrolytic transformation of solid wood mass. In most pitch oil samples the extractives comprised 90 %. Most samples were similar and only the first samples at the starting outflow were systematically dominated by pyrolysis products. Tar runoff from a traditional circular charcoal kiln for charcoal production – used as a reference – had a strongly different composition, with a high proportion of pyrolysis compounds.
Özet Bu çalışmada, gilaburu meyvesi (Viburnum opulus, GİLA) ekstraktının Streptozotozin (STZ) enj... more Özet Bu çalışmada, gilaburu meyvesi (Viburnum opulus, GİLA) ekstraktının Streptozotozin (STZ) enjeksiyonu ile diyabet modeli oluşturulan sıçanların kan glukoz seviyeleri ve böbrek doku homojenatları üzerindeki etkilerinin araştırılması amaçlanmıştır. Kan glukoz düzeyleri şeker ölçüm cihazı kullanılarak kuyruk kanında bakıldı. Glukoz tayini STZ enjeksiyonundan 48 saat sonra yapıldı. Bunun için 32 adet Wistar albino sıçan kullanıldı. Sıçanlar, her biri 8 hayvan içeren Kontrol, STZ, STZ + GİLA ve GİLA olmak üzere 4 gruba ayrılmıştır. 12 hafta sonra sakrifiye edildiler. Çalışma dönemlerinde, kan glukoz seviyeleri belirli aralıklarla ölçüldü ve böbrek doku parametreleri sakrifiye edildikten sonra doku homojenatlarında ölçüldü. Ölçülen parametreler Glutatyon (GSH), Malondialdehit (MDA) ve Total Antioksidan Kapasite (TAK) idi. Çalışmadan elde edilen sonuçlar SPSS yazılım programı kullanılarak analiz edildi ve P < 0.05 istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir deǧer olarak kabul edildi. Çalışmanın bulguları, GİLA tüketiminin güçlü antioksidan özellikleri nedeni ile diyabetik insanlarda olası nefropatiyi önleme konusunda yardımcı olabileceǧini göstermiştir. Anahtar kelimeler: Viburnum opulus, diyabet, bφbrek, oksidatif hasar, siηan In this study, it was aimed to investigate the effects of highbush cranberry (Viburnum opulus, GILA) fruit extract on blood glucose levels and kidney tissue homogenates of diabetes-modeled rats by injection of streptozotocin (STZ). Blood glucose levels of rats were measured in tail blood using a glucose meter. Glucose determination was done 48 h after STZ injection. For this, 32 Wistar albino rats were employed. The rats were divided into four groups; control, STZ, STZ + GILA, and GILA with containing eight animals each. After 12 weeks, they were sacrificed. During the study periods, blood glucose levels were measured periodically and kidney tissue parameters were measured in their homogenates after sacrificing the rats. The measured parameters were glutathione, Malondialdehyde (MDA), and total antioxidant status. The results obtained from the study were analyzed using the SPSS for Windows software, and P < 0.05 was assigned as statistically significant value. The findings of the study showed that GILA consumption could help diabetic people to prevent possible nephropathy due to its potent antioxidant features.
Neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric diseases are characterized by the structural and functiona... more Neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric diseases are characterized by the structural and functional abnormalities of neurons in certain regions of the brain. These abnormalities, which can result in progressive neuronal degeneration and functional disability, are incurable to date. Although comprehensive efforts have been made to figure out effective therapies against these diseases, partial success has been achieved and complete functional recovery is still not a reality. At present, plants and plant-derived compounds are getting more attention because of a plethora of pharmacological properties, and they are proving to be a better and safer target as therapeutic interventions. This review aims to highlight the roles of tannins, ‘the polyphenol phytochemicals’, in tackling neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases as well as neuropsychiatric disorders like depression. Among the multifarious pharmacological properties of tannins, anti-oxidative, anti-i...
Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2019
Nanoparticles are very effective compounds to transform and detoxicate common environmental conta... more Nanoparticles are very effective compounds to transform and detoxicate common environmental contaminants. For this reason, crude urban liquid wastewater sludges were treated by silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs, 100 nm) for 24 h. Both Ag-NPs’ treated and untreated sludges were examined for the evaluation if there are possible mutagenic/anti-mutagenic, cytotoxic, and genotoxic/anti-genotoxic effects by Ames and Allium cepa tests. The results were then subjected to statistical analyses by using SPSS software and p < 0.05 was accepted as a significant value. The data obtained from the Ames test showed that while untreated crude liquid sludge had a significant mutagenic effect, Ag-NP-treated one decreased its mutagenicity. Similar effects were also observed in the chromosome aberration-Allium cepa tests. Significant chromosome aberrations observed were C-metaphase, sticky metaphase, sticky anaphase, anaphase bridge, vagrant chromosome, and multipolar anaphases. Both tests demonstrated that silver nanoparticle treatment decreased the major mutagenicity and genotoxicity detected in the liquid wastewater sludges.
In this paper, radiation shielding parameters such as mass attenuation coefficients and half valu... more In this paper, radiation shielding parameters such as mass attenuation coefficients and half value layer (HVL) of some antioxidants are investigated using MCNPX (version 2.4.0). The validation of the generated MCNPX simulation geometry for antioxidant structures is provided by comparing the results with standard WinXcom data for radiation mass attenuation coefficients of antioxidants. Very good agreement between WİNXCOM and MCNPX was obtained. The results from the validated geometry were used to calculate the shielding parameters of different antioxidants. The radiation attenuation properties of each antioxidant were compared with each other. The results showed that, on average, the highest and the lowest radiation mass attenuation coefficients were observed on hesperidin and delphinidin chloride, respectively. It can be concluded that Monte Carlo simulation is a strong tool and an alternate method where experimental investigations are not possible and a standard simulation setup ca...
Journal of environmental science and health. Part A, Toxic/hazardous substances & environmental engineering, Jan 28, 2018
Chloroform and Bromoform are two abundant trihalomethanes found in Algerian drinking water. The i... more Chloroform and Bromoform are two abundant trihalomethanes found in Algerian drinking water. The investigation of the mutagenic hazard of these disinfection by-products was studied by Ames test as prokaryotic bioassay to show their mutagenic effects. For this, Salmonella typhimurium TA98 and TA100 strains were employed. Both chloroform and bromoform showed a direct mutagenic effect since the number of revertant colonies gradually increase in dose-dependent manner with all concentrations tested with the two bacterial strains and these were both in the absence and presence of S9 metabolic activation. The genotoxic hazard was also studied by random amplified polymorphic DNA test on the root cells of Allium cepa as eukaryotic bioassay. DNA extracted from the roots of the onion were incubated at different concentrations of chloroform and bromoform and then amplified by polymerase chain reaction. This was based on demonstrating a major effect of disappearance of bands compared to roots inc...
We aimed to evaluate the mutagenic effect of Anilofos, organophosphate pesticide, by using Ames/S... more We aimed to evaluate the mutagenic effect of Anilofos, organophosphate pesticide, by using Ames/Salmonella/microsome test. Its cytotoxic and genotoxic effects were also determined by chromosome aberration (CA), sister chromatid exchange (SCE) and micronucleus (MN) test in human peripheral blood lymphocytes. In the Ames test, five different concentrations of Anilofos were examined on TA97, TA98, TA100 and TA102 strains in the absence and presence of S9 fraction. According to the results all concentrations of this pesticide have not shown any mutagenic activity on TA97, TA100 and TA102 strains in the absence and presence of S9 fraction. But, 10, 100 and 1000 µg/plate concentrations of Anilofos were determined to be mutagenic on TA98 strain without S9 fraction. Lymphocytes were treated with various concentrations (25, 50, 100 and 200 µg/ml) of Anilofos for 24 and 48 h. The results of the assays showed that Anilofos did not induce SCE frequency, replication index and MN formation at all...
The genotoxicity and mutagenicity of Halfenprox, a synthetic pyrethroid insecticide and acaricide... more The genotoxicity and mutagenicity of Halfenprox, a synthetic pyrethroid insecticide and acaricide, was assessed using two standard genotoxicity assays of the Salmonella typhimurium mutagenicity assay (Ames test) and in vitro micronucleus (MN) assay in human peripheral lymphocytes. In the Ames test, Salmonella strains TA98 and TA100 were treated with or without S9 fraction. The doses of Halfenprox were 6.25, 12.5, 25, 50, and 100 μg/plate and test materials were dissolved in DMSO. The concentrations of Halfenprox did not show mutagenic activity on both strains with and without S9 fraction. The MN assay was used to investigate the genotoxic effects of Halfenprox in human peripheral lymphocytes treated with 250, 500, 750, and 1000 μg/ml concentrations of Halfenprox for 24 and 48 h, and at 1000 μg/ml the concentration was significantly increased and the MN formation was compared with the negative control for both treatment periods. In addition, a significant decrease of the nuclear devision index (NDI) values at the higher concentrations of Halfenprox and at both treatment periods was observed.
New methacrylate monomers, 2‐{[(diphenylmethylene)amino]oxy}‐2‐oxoethyl methacrylate (DPOMA) and ... more New methacrylate monomers, 2‐{[(diphenylmethylene)amino]oxy}‐2‐oxoethyl methacrylate (DPOMA) and 2‐{[(1‐phenylethylidene)ami no]oxy}‐2‐oxoethyl methacrylate (MMOMA) were prepared by reaction of sodium methacrylate with diphenylmethanone O‐(2‐chloroacetyl) oxime and 1‐phenylethanone O‐(2‐chloroacetyl) oxime, respectively. They were obtained from a reaction of chloroacetyl chloride with benzophenone oxime or acetophenone oxime. The free‐radical‐initiated copolymerization of (DPOMA) and (MMOMA) with styrene (St) were carried out in 1,4‐dioxane solution at 65°C
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