This document provides recent evidence about the persistency of wage gaps between formal and info... more This document provides recent evidence about the persistency of wage gaps between formal and informal workers in Colombia. The methodology is based on a non-parametric procedure proposed by˜Nopoby˜ by˜Nopo (2008a) that allows us to compare labor incomes using matching on variables over a Nationwide Household Survey during 2008-2012. It is found that formal workers earn between 30 to 60 percent more, on average, than informal workers according to the definition of formality adopted and small variations occurs along this period. This is new evidence about the true differences in labor compensation from workers with distinct formality levels in Colombia. These results are important inputs for labor policy in a country with high income inequality levels.
El presente documento muestra las dificultades teoricas de la identificacion del bienestar indivi... more El presente documento muestra las dificultades teoricas de la identificacion del bienestar individual y las ventajas de interpretar el Indice de Condiciones de Vida (ICV) y el Indice del Sistema de Seleccion de Beneficiarios (I-sisben) como indicadores de estandar de vida. Se discuten el concepto de bienestar individual, tal como se concibe en la teoria economica convencional y en la teoria de Sen, y el concepto de estandar de vida. Se presentan dos lecturas que ha recibido el ICV: como un indicador de utilidad y como un indicador de estandar de vida. como resultado se recomienda leer el ICV como un indicador de estandar de vida, puesto que es una vision menos simplista que la tradicional
We exploit the Zika outbreak in Colombia in 2015 to explore how a negative shock that puts at hig... more We exploit the Zika outbreak in Colombia in 2015 to explore how a negative shock that puts at high risk the newborn’s health affects female behaviours associated with fertility, according to their marital status. The potential endogeneity of behaviours and the outbreak onset is avoided by using instrumental variables strategies in the context of an intensity-of-treatment difference-in-differences at the municipality level. While single women reduce sexual activity (the extensive margin), married women do not; instead, married women increase contraception in both the extensive margin and the intensive margin (they substitute less effective methods for more effective ones). This result is in line with a moral hazard model of fertility decisions within the couple. According to the model, not having a child may aggrieve the husband, and he may, in turn, become a "difficult" husband. In such a model, the ZIKV epidemic increases the use of women’s contraception and reduces the l...
This document, static and dynamically, analyzes the changes in living conditions in Colombia betw... more This document, static and dynamically, analyzes the changes in living conditions in Colombia between 1997 and 2003 by means of an alternative index which includes health aspects and the time spent in mobilization. These variables reduce the importance granted to physical capital in other indexes and increase the differences between rural and urban areas. This index provides new elements for discussion on health and transport policies.
This study examines the determinants of information and communications technology (ICT) use and a... more This study examines the determinants of information and communications technology (ICT) use and access of low-income people in three developing countries: Colombia, Mexico and Peru. We focus on cross-country differences and similarities in ICTs use across gender, age, education and income, using two composite indicators of ICT. The main similarity across the countries is that education is by far the single most important factor limiting the digitalization of low-income people. The impact of income was low although positive. There is not apparently a gender gap in Colombia and Mexico but one in Peru. Our findings also suggest that when using a composite indicator that only include the 'advanced ICTs', disadvantage people among the low-income people can be more constrained in the use and access of more advanced information and communications technologies.
This work shows if firms use debt strategically in order to stop entry of potential rivals in the... more This work shows if firms use debt strategically in order to stop entry of potential rivals in their industry. Using Generalized Method of Moments estimation (GMM) we evaluate the effect of assets, market share and size as proxies for market revenue, and the entry barriers over ...
Fatal error: XSL transformation failed. in /home/scielo/www/htdocs/ class.XSLTransformerPHP5.php ... more Fatal error: XSL transformation failed. in /home/scielo/www/htdocs/ class.XSLTransformerPHP5.php on line 40
This document tries to schematize the basic concepts studied in the economic theory to evaluate l... more This document tries to schematize the basic concepts studied in the economic theory to evaluate life conditions of people. We show the different approaches of the old and new welfare economics and we conclude that the economic theory has arrived at a concept of welfare and justice ...
1 Equality of educational opportunity employing PISA data: Taking both achievement and access int... more 1 Equality of educational opportunity employing PISA data: Taking both achievement and access into account ξ
This document provides recent evidence about the persistency of wage gaps between formal and info... more This document provides recent evidence about the persistency of wage gaps between formal and informal workers in Colombia by using a non-parametric method proposed by Ñopo (2008a). Over a rich dataset at a household level during 2008-2012, it is found that formal workers earn between 30 to 60 percent more, on average, than informal workers. Despite of the formality definition-structuralist or institucionalist- adopted, it is clear that formal workers have more economic advantages than informal ones, but after controlling by demographic and labor variables an important fraction of the gap still remains unexplained.
This document provides recent evidence about the persistency of wage gaps between formal and info... more This document provides recent evidence about the persistency of wage gaps between formal and informal workers in Colombia. The methodology is based on a non-parametric procedure proposed by˜Nopoby˜ by˜Nopo (2008a) that allows us to compare labor incomes using matching on variables over a Nationwide Household Survey during 2008-2012. It is found that formal workers earn between 30 to 60 percent more, on average, than informal workers according to the definition of formality adopted and small variations occurs along this period. This is new evidence about the true differences in labor compensation from workers with distinct formality levels in Colombia. These results are important inputs for labor policy in a country with high income inequality levels.
El presente documento muestra las dificultades teoricas de la identificacion del bienestar indivi... more El presente documento muestra las dificultades teoricas de la identificacion del bienestar individual y las ventajas de interpretar el Indice de Condiciones de Vida (ICV) y el Indice del Sistema de Seleccion de Beneficiarios (I-sisben) como indicadores de estandar de vida. Se discuten el concepto de bienestar individual, tal como se concibe en la teoria economica convencional y en la teoria de Sen, y el concepto de estandar de vida. Se presentan dos lecturas que ha recibido el ICV: como un indicador de utilidad y como un indicador de estandar de vida. como resultado se recomienda leer el ICV como un indicador de estandar de vida, puesto que es una vision menos simplista que la tradicional
We exploit the Zika outbreak in Colombia in 2015 to explore how a negative shock that puts at hig... more We exploit the Zika outbreak in Colombia in 2015 to explore how a negative shock that puts at high risk the newborn’s health affects female behaviours associated with fertility, according to their marital status. The potential endogeneity of behaviours and the outbreak onset is avoided by using instrumental variables strategies in the context of an intensity-of-treatment difference-in-differences at the municipality level. While single women reduce sexual activity (the extensive margin), married women do not; instead, married women increase contraception in both the extensive margin and the intensive margin (they substitute less effective methods for more effective ones). This result is in line with a moral hazard model of fertility decisions within the couple. According to the model, not having a child may aggrieve the husband, and he may, in turn, become a "difficult" husband. In such a model, the ZIKV epidemic increases the use of women’s contraception and reduces the l...
This document, static and dynamically, analyzes the changes in living conditions in Colombia betw... more This document, static and dynamically, analyzes the changes in living conditions in Colombia between 1997 and 2003 by means of an alternative index which includes health aspects and the time spent in mobilization. These variables reduce the importance granted to physical capital in other indexes and increase the differences between rural and urban areas. This index provides new elements for discussion on health and transport policies.
This study examines the determinants of information and communications technology (ICT) use and a... more This study examines the determinants of information and communications technology (ICT) use and access of low-income people in three developing countries: Colombia, Mexico and Peru. We focus on cross-country differences and similarities in ICTs use across gender, age, education and income, using two composite indicators of ICT. The main similarity across the countries is that education is by far the single most important factor limiting the digitalization of low-income people. The impact of income was low although positive. There is not apparently a gender gap in Colombia and Mexico but one in Peru. Our findings also suggest that when using a composite indicator that only include the 'advanced ICTs', disadvantage people among the low-income people can be more constrained in the use and access of more advanced information and communications technologies.
This work shows if firms use debt strategically in order to stop entry of potential rivals in the... more This work shows if firms use debt strategically in order to stop entry of potential rivals in their industry. Using Generalized Method of Moments estimation (GMM) we evaluate the effect of assets, market share and size as proxies for market revenue, and the entry barriers over ...
Fatal error: XSL transformation failed. in /home/scielo/www/htdocs/ class.XSLTransformerPHP5.php ... more Fatal error: XSL transformation failed. in /home/scielo/www/htdocs/ class.XSLTransformerPHP5.php on line 40
This document tries to schematize the basic concepts studied in the economic theory to evaluate l... more This document tries to schematize the basic concepts studied in the economic theory to evaluate life conditions of people. We show the different approaches of the old and new welfare economics and we conclude that the economic theory has arrived at a concept of welfare and justice ...
1 Equality of educational opportunity employing PISA data: Taking both achievement and access int... more 1 Equality of educational opportunity employing PISA data: Taking both achievement and access into account ξ
This document provides recent evidence about the persistency of wage gaps between formal and info... more This document provides recent evidence about the persistency of wage gaps between formal and informal workers in Colombia by using a non-parametric method proposed by Ñopo (2008a). Over a rich dataset at a household level during 2008-2012, it is found that formal workers earn between 30 to 60 percent more, on average, than informal workers. Despite of the formality definition-structuralist or institucionalist- adopted, it is clear that formal workers have more economic advantages than informal ones, but after controlling by demographic and labor variables an important fraction of the gap still remains unexplained.
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