2022 IEEE International Conference in Power Engineering Application (ICPEA)
Electric locomotives can reduce traffic congestion and carbon footprints, especially those with r... more Electric locomotives can reduce traffic congestion and carbon footprints, especially those with regenerative braking energy (RBE) recovery. However, the amount of regenerated energy is affected by the aerodynamics of the running train. This paper aims to investigate the effects of the aerodynamics of running trains on RBE. A railway power supply and distribution networks for MRT Line 2 in Malaysia are modeled using ETAP - eTraX software. The rolling stocks parameters are obtained from the manufacturer's datasheet. The running resistance of the train in the open-air and tunnel are derived and modeled based on the developer's parameters. The results show that the energy consumptions of the train moved in the tunnel is 2.15 times higher than that of open-air for the case with RBE. Besides, the RBE obtained from the train moved in the open-air is 2.5 times higher than that of the train moved in the tunnel.
2021 IEEE Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting (IAS)
This paper presents the damping-improvement outcomes of a large-scale offshore wind farm (OWF) ba... more This paper presents the damping-improvement outcomes of a large-scale offshore wind farm (OWF) based on doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG) fed to a two-area four-generator power system using a generalized unified power-flow controller (GUPFC). Two proportional-integral-derivative (PID) damping controllers and two fuzzy logic controllers (FLCs) of the proposed GUPFC are designed to improve the damping of the dominant modes of the studied multi-machine power system under different operating conditions, respectively. Eigenvalue analysis and nonlinear-model simulations are both performed to examine the effectiveness of the proposed GUPFC equipped with the designed damping controllers. The comparative simulation results show that the proposed GUPFC joined with the designed FLCs demonstrates better damping performance for improving the damping of the dominant modes of the studied multimachine system subject to different disturbances than the designed PID damping controllers.
2019 1st International Conference on Electrical, Control and Instrumentation Engineering (ICECIE), 2019
A reputable Surge Protection Device (SPD) manufacturer designed, tested and produced SPD complyin... more A reputable Surge Protection Device (SPD) manufacturer designed, tested and produced SPD complying with the internationally accepted standard such as UL 96A, UL1449, IEC 61643, IEC 62305 and etc., where this standard put in place the requirement on the thermal disconnect to prevent SPD from overheated catching fire, housing material from releasing toxic gases and so on. Therefore, when an SPD which carried international approval, the selection is mainly focused on the let-through voltage, kA rating and protection class or zone per ANSI/IEEE C62.4 and IEC 62305–4. This is sufficient when the application is for a safe area (no present of explosive gases). However, when the application involves the presence of explosive gas in a hazardous area, for example, in the Oil and Gas industry, additional consideration will be required. This paper discussed the application and consideration of SPD for hazardous areas with various explosion protection techniques.
Received Mar 17, 2021 Revised May 27, 2021 Accepted Jun 10, 2021 Nonintrusive load monitoring (NI... more Received Mar 17, 2021 Revised May 27, 2021 Accepted Jun 10, 2021 Nonintrusive load monitoring (NILM) based energy efficiency can conserve electricity by creating awareness with the behaviour change and shrinking CO2 emissions to the environment. However, the lack of effective models and strategies is problematic for policymakers to forecast quantitatively CO2 emissions. This paper aims to study the impact of NILM on CO2 emissions in Malaysia. Firstly, the predictive models were established based on Malaysia open data from 1996 to 2018. After that, scenario simulations were conducted to predict CO2 emissions and NILM impact on environmental degradation in 2019-2030. The results revealed that a 12% reduction in electricity consumption due to NILM could contribute to a 10.2% shrinkage of the total CO2 emissions. The result also statistically confirmed Malaysia to achieve a 45% reduction of CO2 intensity in 2030. With NILM, the carbon reduction can be further enhanced to 60.2%. The outc...
Journal of Electronic Science and Technology, 2017
This paper outlines the barriers and potential benefits of using standby diesel generators in mit... more This paper outlines the barriers and potential benefits of using standby diesel generators in mitigating the peak demands for commercial and industrial customers. The feasibility of utilizing the standby diesel generators to reduce the electricity bills for customers is carried out by using the hybrid optimization model for electric renewable (HOMER) software. The size of the standby diesel generator and its operational duration are determined based on the lowest cost of electricity obtained from the evaluations. The economic assessments demonstrate that there is potential to reduce the electricity bills for commercial and industrial customers under the existing fuel price and tariffs. The commercial customers under the tariff C2 have the highest potential to save their electricity bills with the use of standby diesel generators for peak reduction. This study demonstrates the potential of the standby diesel generators in peak reduction.
Journal of Electronics and Advanced Electrical Engineering, 2021
Harmonic distortion is one of the most important power quality issues in third rail electrificati... more Harmonic distortion is one of the most important power quality issues in third rail electrification systems. The use of rectifiers and inverters in the third rail system can inject a significant amount of harmonic distortion to the electrical network. This paper aims to investigate the harmonic distortions for a DC urban third rail system at various operating conditions. The electrical network of Mass Rapid Transit Line 2 (MRT 2) Malaysia is modelled using ETAP software. The model had considered the effect of the inter-phase transformer in the 12-pulse rectifier. The current injection method is used to measure harmonic distortion at Point of Common Coupling (PCC) at the 132 kV and 33 kV buses. A normal and degraded operating conditions of power supply are investigated. From the simulation results, it is found that the 11th and 13th order harmonics have exceeded the statutory limit at 33 kV network for the normal operating condition. For the degraded operating condition, only the 11t...
AbstractCommercial and industrial customers are subject to monthly maximum demand charges, which ... more AbstractCommercial and industrial customers are subject to monthly maximum demand charges, which can be as high as 30% of the total electricity bill. A battery-based energy storage system (BESS) ca...
2010 IEEE International Conference on Power and Energy, 2010
Abstract This paper presents an improved performance of a Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (PMS... more Abstract This paper presents an improved performance of a Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (PMSM) using a hybrid Fuzzy/Proportional-Integral (PI) controller. Hybrid control has an advantage of integrating a superiority of two or more control ...
International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS)
The proposed scheme is employed for the efficient operation of a DC-DC-based buck converter. This... more The proposed scheme is employed for the efficient operation of a DC-DC-based buck converter. This protection scheme shows the optimal placement of a varistor in the power electronics converter side under different surge conditions. Advanced varistors have excellent electrical material properties and electrothermal behavior for the enhancement of power absorption capability. Varistors have been examined widely in the last four decades that are employed for surge protection applications. The advantage of power surge protection using varistor-based power devices is vital due to the great sensitivity of the equipment integrated into the grid and emerging power electronics-based DC systems with low and high voltage ratings. In this research, a varistor can be placed to protect the switching devices such as MOSFETs in power electronic-based buck converter side due to uncertain overvoltage under differential surge. The proposed MATLAB simulation study shows the peak voltage stress on the g...
2022 IEEE International Conference in Power Engineering Application (ICPEA)
Electric locomotives can reduce traffic congestion and carbon footprints, especially those with r... more Electric locomotives can reduce traffic congestion and carbon footprints, especially those with regenerative braking energy (RBE) recovery. However, the amount of regenerated energy is affected by the aerodynamics of the running train. This paper aims to investigate the effects of the aerodynamics of running trains on RBE. A railway power supply and distribution networks for MRT Line 2 in Malaysia are modeled using ETAP - eTraX software. The rolling stocks parameters are obtained from the manufacturer's datasheet. The running resistance of the train in the open-air and tunnel are derived and modeled based on the developer's parameters. The results show that the energy consumptions of the train moved in the tunnel is 2.15 times higher than that of open-air for the case with RBE. Besides, the RBE obtained from the train moved in the open-air is 2.5 times higher than that of the train moved in the tunnel.
2021 IEEE Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting (IAS)
This paper presents the damping-improvement outcomes of a large-scale offshore wind farm (OWF) ba... more This paper presents the damping-improvement outcomes of a large-scale offshore wind farm (OWF) based on doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG) fed to a two-area four-generator power system using a generalized unified power-flow controller (GUPFC). Two proportional-integral-derivative (PID) damping controllers and two fuzzy logic controllers (FLCs) of the proposed GUPFC are designed to improve the damping of the dominant modes of the studied multi-machine power system under different operating conditions, respectively. Eigenvalue analysis and nonlinear-model simulations are both performed to examine the effectiveness of the proposed GUPFC equipped with the designed damping controllers. The comparative simulation results show that the proposed GUPFC joined with the designed FLCs demonstrates better damping performance for improving the damping of the dominant modes of the studied multimachine system subject to different disturbances than the designed PID damping controllers.
2019 1st International Conference on Electrical, Control and Instrumentation Engineering (ICECIE), 2019
A reputable Surge Protection Device (SPD) manufacturer designed, tested and produced SPD complyin... more A reputable Surge Protection Device (SPD) manufacturer designed, tested and produced SPD complying with the internationally accepted standard such as UL 96A, UL1449, IEC 61643, IEC 62305 and etc., where this standard put in place the requirement on the thermal disconnect to prevent SPD from overheated catching fire, housing material from releasing toxic gases and so on. Therefore, when an SPD which carried international approval, the selection is mainly focused on the let-through voltage, kA rating and protection class or zone per ANSI/IEEE C62.4 and IEC 62305–4. This is sufficient when the application is for a safe area (no present of explosive gases). However, when the application involves the presence of explosive gas in a hazardous area, for example, in the Oil and Gas industry, additional consideration will be required. This paper discussed the application and consideration of SPD for hazardous areas with various explosion protection techniques.
Received Mar 17, 2021 Revised May 27, 2021 Accepted Jun 10, 2021 Nonintrusive load monitoring (NI... more Received Mar 17, 2021 Revised May 27, 2021 Accepted Jun 10, 2021 Nonintrusive load monitoring (NILM) based energy efficiency can conserve electricity by creating awareness with the behaviour change and shrinking CO2 emissions to the environment. However, the lack of effective models and strategies is problematic for policymakers to forecast quantitatively CO2 emissions. This paper aims to study the impact of NILM on CO2 emissions in Malaysia. Firstly, the predictive models were established based on Malaysia open data from 1996 to 2018. After that, scenario simulations were conducted to predict CO2 emissions and NILM impact on environmental degradation in 2019-2030. The results revealed that a 12% reduction in electricity consumption due to NILM could contribute to a 10.2% shrinkage of the total CO2 emissions. The result also statistically confirmed Malaysia to achieve a 45% reduction of CO2 intensity in 2030. With NILM, the carbon reduction can be further enhanced to 60.2%. The outc...
Journal of Electronic Science and Technology, 2017
This paper outlines the barriers and potential benefits of using standby diesel generators in mit... more This paper outlines the barriers and potential benefits of using standby diesel generators in mitigating the peak demands for commercial and industrial customers. The feasibility of utilizing the standby diesel generators to reduce the electricity bills for customers is carried out by using the hybrid optimization model for electric renewable (HOMER) software. The size of the standby diesel generator and its operational duration are determined based on the lowest cost of electricity obtained from the evaluations. The economic assessments demonstrate that there is potential to reduce the electricity bills for commercial and industrial customers under the existing fuel price and tariffs. The commercial customers under the tariff C2 have the highest potential to save their electricity bills with the use of standby diesel generators for peak reduction. This study demonstrates the potential of the standby diesel generators in peak reduction.
Journal of Electronics and Advanced Electrical Engineering, 2021
Harmonic distortion is one of the most important power quality issues in third rail electrificati... more Harmonic distortion is one of the most important power quality issues in third rail electrification systems. The use of rectifiers and inverters in the third rail system can inject a significant amount of harmonic distortion to the electrical network. This paper aims to investigate the harmonic distortions for a DC urban third rail system at various operating conditions. The electrical network of Mass Rapid Transit Line 2 (MRT 2) Malaysia is modelled using ETAP software. The model had considered the effect of the inter-phase transformer in the 12-pulse rectifier. The current injection method is used to measure harmonic distortion at Point of Common Coupling (PCC) at the 132 kV and 33 kV buses. A normal and degraded operating conditions of power supply are investigated. From the simulation results, it is found that the 11th and 13th order harmonics have exceeded the statutory limit at 33 kV network for the normal operating condition. For the degraded operating condition, only the 11t...
AbstractCommercial and industrial customers are subject to monthly maximum demand charges, which ... more AbstractCommercial and industrial customers are subject to monthly maximum demand charges, which can be as high as 30% of the total electricity bill. A battery-based energy storage system (BESS) ca...
2010 IEEE International Conference on Power and Energy, 2010
Abstract This paper presents an improved performance of a Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (PMS... more Abstract This paper presents an improved performance of a Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (PMSM) using a hybrid Fuzzy/Proportional-Integral (PI) controller. Hybrid control has an advantage of integrating a superiority of two or more control ...
International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS)
The proposed scheme is employed for the efficient operation of a DC-DC-based buck converter. This... more The proposed scheme is employed for the efficient operation of a DC-DC-based buck converter. This protection scheme shows the optimal placement of a varistor in the power electronics converter side under different surge conditions. Advanced varistors have excellent electrical material properties and electrothermal behavior for the enhancement of power absorption capability. Varistors have been examined widely in the last four decades that are employed for surge protection applications. The advantage of power surge protection using varistor-based power devices is vital due to the great sensitivity of the equipment integrated into the grid and emerging power electronics-based DC systems with low and high voltage ratings. In this research, a varistor can be placed to protect the switching devices such as MOSFETs in power electronic-based buck converter side due to uncertain overvoltage under differential surge. The proposed MATLAB simulation study shows the peak voltage stress on the g...
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