International Journal of Recent Surgical and Medical Sciences
Objective Our aim was to estimate the occurrence of adrenal suppression in critically ill patient... more Objective Our aim was to estimate the occurrence of adrenal suppression in critically ill patients with septic shock who have got admission in intensive care unit and to evaluate the effectiveness of hydrocortisone in these patients in relation to mortality of patient, development of septic shock, and effect on total leucocyte count. Methods Serum cortisol was measured in 120 patients with sepsis. Patients with decreased cortisol level were split in to two groups (group A and B). Group A received 50 mg of hydrocortisone 6 hourly and group B was given matching placebo. At day 7, serum cortisol level was estimated for both A and B groups. The results were calculated and compared with relation to incidence of adrenal insufficiency, development of septic shock, effect on total leucocyte count, and survival at 28 days. Results The occurrence of adrenal suppression in patients having sepsis in our study was 44 out of 120 patients, that is, 36.6%. After supplementation of corticosteroid fo...
International Journal of Recent Surgical and Medical Sciences, 2021
Background and Aims Etomidate, an intravenous (IV) induction agent known for its stable myocardia... more Background and Aims Etomidate, an intravenous (IV) induction agent known for its stable myocardial action, can produce myoclonus which can be detrimental for the cardiac patients. Though lignocaine has proven its efficacy in attenuating the etomidate-induced myoclonus, the ideal dose of lignocaine is not known. The aim of our trial was to analyze two different doses of lignocaine on the occurrence and intensity of etomidate induced myoclonus. Materials and Methods A total of 120 patients were randomly assigned into three groups of 40 each. Patients in group A were injected lignocaine 0.5 mg/kg intravenously, group-B patients were injected lignocaine 1 mg/kg intravenously, and group-C patients were injected saline placebo. After 2 minutes, anesthesia was induced with 0.3 mg/kg of etomidate over 30 seconds. The patients were assessed for myoclonus using clinical severity scoring system during first 2 minutes of induction. Our primary outcome was the incidence of myoclonus. The severit...
Diarrhoeal diseases are the leading cause of significant morbidity and mortality in children. Rot... more Diarrhoeal diseases are the leading cause of significant morbidity and mortality in children. Rotavirus continues to be the commonest cause of acute gastroenteritis across the world. Currently available rotavirus vaccines are effective in reducing the disease burden, but correct understanding of local epidemiology of rotavirus infection is important for rotavirus immunization. The aim of this study was to estimate the incidence of rotaviral diarrhoea and the prevalent rotavirus genotypes causing diarrhoea among children below 2 years of age.138children below 2years of age admitted to our hospital for acute diarrhoea were enrolled in our study. Stool samples were collected from all patients having watery diarrhoea and sent for rotavirus assay by ELISA. Genotyping was done in all positive cases by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RTPCR). Results of the lab analysis were recorded. Data were entered in the Microsoft Excel work sheet and were analysed using SPSS version17...
International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health, 2017
Background: Health problem in adolescent girls are different from the younger children and older ... more Background: Health problem in adolescent girls are different from the younger children and older adults. In the tribal population they are more neglected because of limited health care facilities and lack of education. In the present study we have done assessment of reproductive health status of adolescent girls in the Dongria Kondh tribe in Odisha. Methods: Dongria Kondh’ residing in Rayagada district of Odisha having its maximum concentration was studied. Bissam Cuttack block was selected randomly as the study area. Moreover, coincidently majority of the study population resided in the block having villages like Kurli, Khambesi, Hundijali, Muthesi, Khajuri, Mundabali and Uppar Gandatallli which are situated as a distance of 5000 ft height above sea level. 89 adolescent girls were considered Schedule of general information of the family, schedule cum questionnaire on KAP on reproductive health and Lab investigation done among study subjects for prevalence of HIV/AIDS was done...
In the transmission of infectious illnesses like tuberculosis, mathematical models are crucial in... more In the transmission of infectious illnesses like tuberculosis, mathematical models are crucial in public health. The fundamental paradigm is compartmental modelling, which classifies people into categories such as susceptible, latent, active, and recovered. Extensions and variations in this model can be utilized to capture intricate details. To research TB transmission dynamics, structural models including age-structured, agent-based, stochastic, SEIR, spatial, drug-resistant, vaccination, contact tracking, and treatment models are employed. Populations are divided into age groups by age-structured models, intricate interactions are shown by agent-based models, disease outbreaks are simulated by stochastic models, social networks are considered by SEIR models, and treatment success rates are considered by treatment models. Real-world mathematical simulations of TB transmission in public health settings offer useful tools for comprehending TB dynamics, making decisions, allocating re...
  Background: Introduction of  EPI was to accelerate disease control efforts an... more   Background: Introduction of  EPI was to accelerate disease control efforts and outcomes.EPIs are typically governed by Ministries of Health in cooperation with the WHO , UNICEF to provide technical assistance in planning, social mobilization , reach vaccine-specific target immunization coverage rates and reduce  incidence  of VPDs. The WHO  recommendation  on immunization schedules is  to ensure  proper administration of vaccines to each age-specific target group.   Effective program should reach  target population at  right time,  right place and  right condition before patients are exposed to infectious diseases. The first VMAT assessment of India was undertaken by Odisha in December 2007.Objectives: 1.To gather information on vaccine storage temperature and wet and dry storage capacity in the facility. 2.To assess the vaccine storage practices.3.To suggest recommendations. Methods: Place of the study: DVS and CCPs  in Cuttack and Jagatsinghpur ,Type of study: cross-sectional, Study design: By simple random sampling 7 CCPs in Cuttack  district and  3 CCPs in Jagatsinghpur district were selected and  2 DVSs were  included, Period of Study:Nov 2018 to Oct 2019, Study instrument: Global assessment tool designed by WHO, Ethical consideration: Obtained from  IEC of S.C.B Medical College Results: The vaccines were arranged properly from bottom upwards as recommended by WHO and the vaccines stored were within expiry period and having usable stage VVM. No reconstituted BCG, Measles or JE vaccines were found in any equipment in both the districts.Conclusion:In all the CCPs in this study the vaccines were arranged properly from bottom towards upwards as recommended by WHO. No reconstituted BCG, Measles or JE vaccines were found in any equipment in both the districts. Opened vials were stored in 87.5 % and 75% of facilities in both districts  separately. &nbsp
Objectives: Even under ideal conditions, infection remains a risk of surgery and can be harrowing... more Objectives: Even under ideal conditions, infection remains a risk of surgery and can be harrowing after surgical repair of compound fractures. This study aimed to assess the efficacy and convenience of local antibiotic-impregnated polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) strips to overcome infection and functional union within a specified time after primary definitive stabilization of compound fractures. Design:We investigated patients who received PMMA-vancomycin strips during orthopedic surgical repair of open fractures. Setting: From 2017 to 2019 in a tertiary medical center. Patients: A total of 106patients with open fractures type I through IIIC were included (age range, 24–62 years). Intervention: Patients underwent profuse wound cleaning, methodical debridement, and definitive stabilization with PMMA-vancomycin strips. Main Outcome Measurements: We measured the incidence of wound healing, fracture union, and infection rate. Patients were followed for two years with infection parameters...
DOI: 10.21276/sjams.2018.6.3.33 Abstract: BMW (Biomedical waste means any waste generate during d... more DOI: 10.21276/sjams.2018.6.3.33 Abstract: BMW (Biomedical waste means any waste generate during diagnosis, treatment or immunization of human beings or animals or in research activities pertaining thereto or in the production or testing of the biologicals, including categories mentioned in schedule I of BMW management & handling Rules 1998. Health care wastes need to be properly segregated & treated and adequate knowledge, and practice amongst health care personnel is essential. As it is matter of concern that many diseases can occur due to improper management of BMW hence the current questionnaire based study was conducted as a pretesting procedure after which an orientation programmer was given then post test was conducted on 10 th day. Information was collected on knowledge & practice & grey areas were identified amongst the student nurses in a tertiary level hospital in eastern India. The study results suggested that there was lack of adequate knowledge amongst the study partici...
DOI: 10.21276/sjams.2018.6.3.34 Abstract: Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women wor... more DOI: 10.21276/sjams.2018.6.3.34 Abstract: Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women worldwide which can be detected at an early stage through breast self-examination (BSE) and leads to increased chances of survival. It is the cheap and easy method of diagnosis of breast cancer and is an important public health problem as it is associated with high morbidity and mortality. 1 To determines the KAP of nursing students on breast cancer & self-examination before and after a structured teaching programme. To measure the ability of student to perform BSE after structured teaching programme. The study was conducted at GNM school of Nursing at SCBMCH, Cuttack, and Odisha. A total of 100 GNM students are enrolled each year and in the 3 year GNM course a total of 300 students are admitted, out of which 10% students are boys in each year. So a total of 90 girls are admitted. Out of 270 female students in the 3year programme a total of 252 students gave consent to participate in the pr...
International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health, 2018
Background: As a part of “Swachh Bharat Abhiyaan” campaign, the Ministry of Health and Family wel... more Background: As a part of “Swachh Bharat Abhiyaan” campaign, the Ministry of Health and Family welfare, Govt. of India had launched “Kayakalp” in 2015, an initiative to promote cleanliness and enhance the quality of public health facilities. Our aim was to study the situational analysis of the health institution using Kayakalp tool; to assess the level of cleanliness, hygiene and infection control practices in the facility and to assess the status of Bio-medical waste management in the health care facility and to suggest remedial measures based on the study finding.Methods: It is a hospital based snapshot study done during a period of one year from April 2016 to March 2017. Kayakalp assessment tool was used for analysis.Results: The total scores for upkeep maintenance obtained in 2016-17 was 69 and for the year 2017-18 was 81. There was an increase of total score in the year 2017-18 and it was found to be statistically significant. On assessment in the year 2016-17, for BMW the total...
International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health, 2019
Background: Severe acute malnutrition (SAM) places extraordinary challenges in the way of surviva... more Background: Severe acute malnutrition (SAM) places extraordinary challenges in the way of survival, growth and development of the child under five years of age. Our aim was to evaluate the functioning and performance of facility based management of SAM children admitted in the nutrition rehabilitation centre (NRC) and to identify the existing bottlenecks in the NRC.Methods: Children above 1 month and less than 5 years of age with severe acute malnutrition were included during the study period. Demographic details of the SAM children, clinical features during admission were recorded. Anthropometric measurements like MUAC, weight, height/length and WHZ scores were taken at admission and compared with the findings at discharge. Statistical analysis: the data after collection, compilation was analysed by SPSS.Results: Majority 277 (78.47%) of them belonged to rural areas. 300 (85%) SAM children were referred by medical officers. Bilateral oedema was recorded in 12 (17.9%) admitted child...
International Journal of Recent Surgical and Medical Sciences
Objective Our aim was to estimate the occurrence of adrenal suppression in critically ill patient... more Objective Our aim was to estimate the occurrence of adrenal suppression in critically ill patients with septic shock who have got admission in intensive care unit and to evaluate the effectiveness of hydrocortisone in these patients in relation to mortality of patient, development of septic shock, and effect on total leucocyte count. Methods Serum cortisol was measured in 120 patients with sepsis. Patients with decreased cortisol level were split in to two groups (group A and B). Group A received 50 mg of hydrocortisone 6 hourly and group B was given matching placebo. At day 7, serum cortisol level was estimated for both A and B groups. The results were calculated and compared with relation to incidence of adrenal insufficiency, development of septic shock, effect on total leucocyte count, and survival at 28 days. Results The occurrence of adrenal suppression in patients having sepsis in our study was 44 out of 120 patients, that is, 36.6%. After supplementation of corticosteroid fo...
International Journal of Recent Surgical and Medical Sciences, 2021
Background and Aims Etomidate, an intravenous (IV) induction agent known for its stable myocardia... more Background and Aims Etomidate, an intravenous (IV) induction agent known for its stable myocardial action, can produce myoclonus which can be detrimental for the cardiac patients. Though lignocaine has proven its efficacy in attenuating the etomidate-induced myoclonus, the ideal dose of lignocaine is not known. The aim of our trial was to analyze two different doses of lignocaine on the occurrence and intensity of etomidate induced myoclonus. Materials and Methods A total of 120 patients were randomly assigned into three groups of 40 each. Patients in group A were injected lignocaine 0.5 mg/kg intravenously, group-B patients were injected lignocaine 1 mg/kg intravenously, and group-C patients were injected saline placebo. After 2 minutes, anesthesia was induced with 0.3 mg/kg of etomidate over 30 seconds. The patients were assessed for myoclonus using clinical severity scoring system during first 2 minutes of induction. Our primary outcome was the incidence of myoclonus. The severit...
Diarrhoeal diseases are the leading cause of significant morbidity and mortality in children. Rot... more Diarrhoeal diseases are the leading cause of significant morbidity and mortality in children. Rotavirus continues to be the commonest cause of acute gastroenteritis across the world. Currently available rotavirus vaccines are effective in reducing the disease burden, but correct understanding of local epidemiology of rotavirus infection is important for rotavirus immunization. The aim of this study was to estimate the incidence of rotaviral diarrhoea and the prevalent rotavirus genotypes causing diarrhoea among children below 2 years of age.138children below 2years of age admitted to our hospital for acute diarrhoea were enrolled in our study. Stool samples were collected from all patients having watery diarrhoea and sent for rotavirus assay by ELISA. Genotyping was done in all positive cases by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RTPCR). Results of the lab analysis were recorded. Data were entered in the Microsoft Excel work sheet and were analysed using SPSS version17...
International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health, 2017
Background: Health problem in adolescent girls are different from the younger children and older ... more Background: Health problem in adolescent girls are different from the younger children and older adults. In the tribal population they are more neglected because of limited health care facilities and lack of education. In the present study we have done assessment of reproductive health status of adolescent girls in the Dongria Kondh tribe in Odisha. Methods: Dongria Kondh’ residing in Rayagada district of Odisha having its maximum concentration was studied. Bissam Cuttack block was selected randomly as the study area. Moreover, coincidently majority of the study population resided in the block having villages like Kurli, Khambesi, Hundijali, Muthesi, Khajuri, Mundabali and Uppar Gandatallli which are situated as a distance of 5000 ft height above sea level. 89 adolescent girls were considered Schedule of general information of the family, schedule cum questionnaire on KAP on reproductive health and Lab investigation done among study subjects for prevalence of HIV/AIDS was done...
In the transmission of infectious illnesses like tuberculosis, mathematical models are crucial in... more In the transmission of infectious illnesses like tuberculosis, mathematical models are crucial in public health. The fundamental paradigm is compartmental modelling, which classifies people into categories such as susceptible, latent, active, and recovered. Extensions and variations in this model can be utilized to capture intricate details. To research TB transmission dynamics, structural models including age-structured, agent-based, stochastic, SEIR, spatial, drug-resistant, vaccination, contact tracking, and treatment models are employed. Populations are divided into age groups by age-structured models, intricate interactions are shown by agent-based models, disease outbreaks are simulated by stochastic models, social networks are considered by SEIR models, and treatment success rates are considered by treatment models. Real-world mathematical simulations of TB transmission in public health settings offer useful tools for comprehending TB dynamics, making decisions, allocating re...
  Background: Introduction of  EPI was to accelerate disease control efforts an... more   Background: Introduction of  EPI was to accelerate disease control efforts and outcomes.EPIs are typically governed by Ministries of Health in cooperation with the WHO , UNICEF to provide technical assistance in planning, social mobilization , reach vaccine-specific target immunization coverage rates and reduce  incidence  of VPDs. The WHO  recommendation  on immunization schedules is  to ensure  proper administration of vaccines to each age-specific target group.   Effective program should reach  target population at  right time,  right place and  right condition before patients are exposed to infectious diseases. The first VMAT assessment of India was undertaken by Odisha in December 2007.Objectives: 1.To gather information on vaccine storage temperature and wet and dry storage capacity in the facility. 2.To assess the vaccine storage practices.3.To suggest recommendations. Methods: Place of the study: DVS and CCPs  in Cuttack and Jagatsinghpur ,Type of study: cross-sectional, Study design: By simple random sampling 7 CCPs in Cuttack  district and  3 CCPs in Jagatsinghpur district were selected and  2 DVSs were  included, Period of Study:Nov 2018 to Oct 2019, Study instrument: Global assessment tool designed by WHO, Ethical consideration: Obtained from  IEC of S.C.B Medical College Results: The vaccines were arranged properly from bottom upwards as recommended by WHO and the vaccines stored were within expiry period and having usable stage VVM. No reconstituted BCG, Measles or JE vaccines were found in any equipment in both the districts.Conclusion:In all the CCPs in this study the vaccines were arranged properly from bottom towards upwards as recommended by WHO. No reconstituted BCG, Measles or JE vaccines were found in any equipment in both the districts. Opened vials were stored in 87.5 % and 75% of facilities in both districts  separately. &nbsp
Objectives: Even under ideal conditions, infection remains a risk of surgery and can be harrowing... more Objectives: Even under ideal conditions, infection remains a risk of surgery and can be harrowing after surgical repair of compound fractures. This study aimed to assess the efficacy and convenience of local antibiotic-impregnated polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) strips to overcome infection and functional union within a specified time after primary definitive stabilization of compound fractures. Design:We investigated patients who received PMMA-vancomycin strips during orthopedic surgical repair of open fractures. Setting: From 2017 to 2019 in a tertiary medical center. Patients: A total of 106patients with open fractures type I through IIIC were included (age range, 24–62 years). Intervention: Patients underwent profuse wound cleaning, methodical debridement, and definitive stabilization with PMMA-vancomycin strips. Main Outcome Measurements: We measured the incidence of wound healing, fracture union, and infection rate. Patients were followed for two years with infection parameters...
DOI: 10.21276/sjams.2018.6.3.33 Abstract: BMW (Biomedical waste means any waste generate during d... more DOI: 10.21276/sjams.2018.6.3.33 Abstract: BMW (Biomedical waste means any waste generate during diagnosis, treatment or immunization of human beings or animals or in research activities pertaining thereto or in the production or testing of the biologicals, including categories mentioned in schedule I of BMW management & handling Rules 1998. Health care wastes need to be properly segregated & treated and adequate knowledge, and practice amongst health care personnel is essential. As it is matter of concern that many diseases can occur due to improper management of BMW hence the current questionnaire based study was conducted as a pretesting procedure after which an orientation programmer was given then post test was conducted on 10 th day. Information was collected on knowledge & practice & grey areas were identified amongst the student nurses in a tertiary level hospital in eastern India. The study results suggested that there was lack of adequate knowledge amongst the study partici...
DOI: 10.21276/sjams.2018.6.3.34 Abstract: Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women wor... more DOI: 10.21276/sjams.2018.6.3.34 Abstract: Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women worldwide which can be detected at an early stage through breast self-examination (BSE) and leads to increased chances of survival. It is the cheap and easy method of diagnosis of breast cancer and is an important public health problem as it is associated with high morbidity and mortality. 1 To determines the KAP of nursing students on breast cancer & self-examination before and after a structured teaching programme. To measure the ability of student to perform BSE after structured teaching programme. The study was conducted at GNM school of Nursing at SCBMCH, Cuttack, and Odisha. A total of 100 GNM students are enrolled each year and in the 3 year GNM course a total of 300 students are admitted, out of which 10% students are boys in each year. So a total of 90 girls are admitted. Out of 270 female students in the 3year programme a total of 252 students gave consent to participate in the pr...
International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health, 2018
Background: As a part of “Swachh Bharat Abhiyaan” campaign, the Ministry of Health and Family wel... more Background: As a part of “Swachh Bharat Abhiyaan” campaign, the Ministry of Health and Family welfare, Govt. of India had launched “Kayakalp” in 2015, an initiative to promote cleanliness and enhance the quality of public health facilities. Our aim was to study the situational analysis of the health institution using Kayakalp tool; to assess the level of cleanliness, hygiene and infection control practices in the facility and to assess the status of Bio-medical waste management in the health care facility and to suggest remedial measures based on the study finding.Methods: It is a hospital based snapshot study done during a period of one year from April 2016 to March 2017. Kayakalp assessment tool was used for analysis.Results: The total scores for upkeep maintenance obtained in 2016-17 was 69 and for the year 2017-18 was 81. There was an increase of total score in the year 2017-18 and it was found to be statistically significant. On assessment in the year 2016-17, for BMW the total...
International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health, 2019
Background: Severe acute malnutrition (SAM) places extraordinary challenges in the way of surviva... more Background: Severe acute malnutrition (SAM) places extraordinary challenges in the way of survival, growth and development of the child under five years of age. Our aim was to evaluate the functioning and performance of facility based management of SAM children admitted in the nutrition rehabilitation centre (NRC) and to identify the existing bottlenecks in the NRC.Methods: Children above 1 month and less than 5 years of age with severe acute malnutrition were included during the study period. Demographic details of the SAM children, clinical features during admission were recorded. Anthropometric measurements like MUAC, weight, height/length and WHZ scores were taken at admission and compared with the findings at discharge. Statistical analysis: the data after collection, compilation was analysed by SPSS.Results: Majority 277 (78.47%) of them belonged to rural areas. 300 (85%) SAM children were referred by medical officers. Bilateral oedema was recorded in 12 (17.9%) admitted child...
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