Inappropriate orientation and proportioned outdoor plaza or open space generates thermal discomfo... more Inappropriate orientation and proportioned outdoor plaza or open space generates thermal discomfort in less-winded areas, especially in equatorial tropics. Shadow umbrella theory has been proposed by Emanuel R.(2003) as a hypothetical planning solution to reduce or prevent solar radiation into public outdoors. The decisive factor is to optimize shaded public outdoor spaces using urban build form. The planning layout of Johor State New Administrative Centre has similarities with Putrajaya administrative centre layout, which ...
Inappropriate orientation and proportioned outdoor plaza or open space generates thermal discomfo... more Inappropriate orientation and proportioned outdoor plaza or open space generates thermal discomfort in less-winded areas, especially in equatorial tropics. Shadow umbrella theory has been proposed by Emanuel R.(2003) as a hypothetical planning solution to reduce or prevent solar radiation into public outdoors. The decisive factor is to optimize shaded public outdoor spaces using urban build form. The planning layout of Johor State New Administrative Centre has similarities with Putrajaya administrative centre layout, which ...
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