Recent reports show air pollutant magnetite nanoparticles (MNPs) in the brains of people with Alz... more Recent reports show air pollutant magnetite nanoparticles (MNPs) in the brains of people with Alzheimer's disease (AD). Considering various field applications of MNPs because of developments in nanotechnology, the aim of this study is to identify major trends and data gaps in research on magnetite to allow for relevant environmental and health risk assessment. Herein, a bibliometric and systematic analysis of the published magnetite literature (n = 31 567) between 1990 to 2020 is completed. Following appraisal, publications (n = 244) are grouped into four time periods with the main research theme identified for each as 1990–1997 “oxides,” 1998–2005 “ferric oxide,” 2006–2013 “pathology,” and 2014–2020 “animal model.” Magnetite formation and catalytic activity dominate the first two time periods, with the last two focusing on the exploitation of nanoparticle engineering. Japan and China have the highest number of citations for articles published. Longitudinal analysis indicates that magnetite research for the past 30 years shifted from environmental and industrial applications, to biomedical and its potential toxic effects. Therefore, whilst this study presents the research profile of different countries, the development in research on MNPs, it also reveals that further studies on the effects of MNPs on human health is much needed.
This chapter reviews the physiopathology of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease. The role ... more This chapter reviews the physiopathology of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease. The role of inflammatory processes, endothelium integrity and nitric oxide on atherosclerosis is presented, and the relationship between inflammation and biomarkers of atherosclerosis is examined. The impact of exercise and nutrition on inflammation and atherosclerosis is discussed.
AimsThe aim of this scoping review is to evaluate the current biomarkers used in the assessment o... more AimsThe aim of this scoping review is to evaluate the current biomarkers used in the assessment of adverse cardiac remodelling in people with diabetes mellitus (DM) and in the diagnosis and prognosis of subsequent cardiovascular disease. We aim to discuss the biomarkers' pathophysiological roles as a reflection of the cardiac remodelling mechanisms in the presence of DM.MethodsWe performed the literature search to include studies from 2003 to 2021 using the following databases: MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, and Cochrane library. Articles that met our inclusion criteria were screened and appraised before being included in this review. The PRISMA guidelines for Scoping Reviews were followed.ResultsOur literature search identified a total of 43 eligible articles, which were included in this scoping review. We identified 15 different biomarkers, each described by at least two studies, that were used to determine signs of cardiac remodelling in cardiovascular disease (CVD)...
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a leading cause of mortality worldwide, with cigarette smoking be... more Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a leading cause of mortality worldwide, with cigarette smoking being a major preventable risk factor. Smoking cessation can be difficult due to the addictive nature of nicotine and the withdrawal symptoms following cessation. Electronic cigarettes (e-Cigs) have emerged as an alternative smoking cessation device, which has been increasingly used by non-smokers; however, the cardiovascular effects surrounding the use of e-Cigs remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the effects of e-Cig aerosol condensate (EAC) (0mg and 18mg nicotine) in-vitro on human coronary artery endothelial cells (HCAEC) and in-vivo on the cardiovascular system using a mouse model of ‘e-vaping’. The results show a decrease in cell viability of HCAEC when exposed to EAC either directly or after exposure to conditioned lung cell media (p < 0.005). Reactive oxygen species and ICAM-1 expression were increased in HCAEC when exposed to EAC directly (p < 0.0005). ICAM-1 mR...
The purpose of this study is to evaluate the literature for research trends on cerium oxide from ... more The purpose of this study is to evaluate the literature for research trends on cerium oxide from 1990 to 2020 and identify gaps in knowledge in the emerging application(s) of CeONP. Bibliometric methods were used to identify themes in database searches from PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science Core Collection using SWIFT-Review, VOSviewer and SciMAT software programs. A systematic review was completed on published cerium oxide literature extracted from the Scopus database (n = 17,115), identifying themes relevant to its industrial, environmental and biomedical applications. A total of 172 publications were included in the systematic analysis and categorized into four time periods with research themes identified; “doping additives” (n = 5, 1990–1997), “catalysts” (n = 32, 1998–2005), “reactive oxygen species” (n = 66, 2006–2013) and “pathology” (n = 69, 2014–2020). China and the USA showed the highest number of citations and publications for cerium oxide research from 1990 to 2020. Long...
Preeclampsia is a pregnancy-specific cardiovascular disorder and a leading cause of morbidity and... more Preeclampsia is a pregnancy-specific cardiovascular disorder and a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in pregnancy. Although inappropriate placental development and growth are recognized as root causes of preeclampsia, pathogenic mechanisms are poorly understood due to limited models of the disease, particularly in early pregnancy. Here, we first confirm the aberrant expression of important vascular and inflammatory proteins, FK506-binding protein like (FKBPL) and galectin-3 (Gal-3), in human plasma and placental tissue from women with/without preeclampsia. We then employ a 3D microfluidic placental model incorporating human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and a first trimester trophoblast cell line (ACH-3P) to investigate FKBPL and Gal-3 signalling in inflammatory conditions. In human samples, both circulating (n = 17 controls; n = 30 preeclampsia) and placental (n ≥ 6) FKBPL and Gal-3 levels were increased in preeclampsia compared to heathy controls (plasma: FKBPL,...
<b>Supplementary Figure 1: </b>Dynamic Light Scattering of RALA- sFlt1-e15a (red) and... more <b>Supplementary Figure 1: </b>Dynamic Light Scattering of RALA- sFlt1-e15a (red) and RALA-hFlt1 (blue) at N:P 10 with a PDI less than 0.6.
<b>Supplementary Figure 2:</b> Differential expression of FKBPL in trophoblast cell l... more <b>Supplementary Figure 2:</b> Differential expression of FKBPL in trophoblast cell lines. 5x10<sup>5</sup> cells were seeded and incubated at 37°C in a humidified atmosphere in the presence of 5% CO<sub>2</sub> for 24 h before protein lysates were collected and western blotting performed. Data points are mean ± SEM; n=3; one-way ANOVA with Tukey's post-hoc test. <em></em>
Additional file 1: Additional Figure 1. Relative mRNA expression levels of endothelial dysfunctio... more Additional file 1: Additional Figure 1. Relative mRNA expression levels of endothelial dysfunction markers Icam1 and Vcam1 in RUPP hearts. Total RNA was collected from 30-50mg sections of cryopreserved rat hearts by a TRIsure reagent protocol. The relative levels of (A) Icam1 and (B) Vcam1 mRNA were quantified by real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) adjusted to β-actin. Data presented as mean fold change ± SEM; n=7; unpaired t-test. Additional Figure 2. Relative mRNA expression levels of endothelial dysfunction markers Icam1 and Vcam1 in RUPP placentae. Total RNA was collected from 30-50mg sections of cryopreserved rat hearts by a TRIsure reagent protocol. The relative levels of (A) Icam1 and (B) Vcam1 mRNA were quantified by real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) adjusted to β-actin. Data presented as mean fold change ± SEM; n=7; unpaired t-test. Additional Figure 3. Cell size and count of RUPP livers and F4/80 quantification by IHC. Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded ...
Recent reports show air pollutant magnetite nanoparticles (MNPs) in the brains of people with Alz... more Recent reports show air pollutant magnetite nanoparticles (MNPs) in the brains of people with Alzheimer's disease (AD). Considering various field applications of MNPs because of developments in nanotechnology, the aim of this study is to identify major trends and data gaps in research on magnetite to allow for relevant environmental and health risk assessment. Herein, a bibliometric and systematic analysis of the published magnetite literature (n = 31 567) between 1990 to 2020 is completed. Following appraisal, publications (n = 244) are grouped into four time periods with the main research theme identified for each as 1990–1997 “oxides,” 1998–2005 “ferric oxide,” 2006–2013 “pathology,” and 2014–2020 “animal model.” Magnetite formation and catalytic activity dominate the first two time periods, with the last two focusing on the exploitation of nanoparticle engineering. Japan and China have the highest number of citations for articles published. Longitudinal analysis indicates that magnetite research for the past 30 years shifted from environmental and industrial applications, to biomedical and its potential toxic effects. Therefore, whilst this study presents the research profile of different countries, the development in research on MNPs, it also reveals that further studies on the effects of MNPs on human health is much needed.
This chapter reviews the physiopathology of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease. The role ... more This chapter reviews the physiopathology of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease. The role of inflammatory processes, endothelium integrity and nitric oxide on atherosclerosis is presented, and the relationship between inflammation and biomarkers of atherosclerosis is examined. The impact of exercise and nutrition on inflammation and atherosclerosis is discussed.
AimsThe aim of this scoping review is to evaluate the current biomarkers used in the assessment o... more AimsThe aim of this scoping review is to evaluate the current biomarkers used in the assessment of adverse cardiac remodelling in people with diabetes mellitus (DM) and in the diagnosis and prognosis of subsequent cardiovascular disease. We aim to discuss the biomarkers' pathophysiological roles as a reflection of the cardiac remodelling mechanisms in the presence of DM.MethodsWe performed the literature search to include studies from 2003 to 2021 using the following databases: MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, and Cochrane library. Articles that met our inclusion criteria were screened and appraised before being included in this review. The PRISMA guidelines for Scoping Reviews were followed.ResultsOur literature search identified a total of 43 eligible articles, which were included in this scoping review. We identified 15 different biomarkers, each described by at least two studies, that were used to determine signs of cardiac remodelling in cardiovascular disease (CVD)...
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a leading cause of mortality worldwide, with cigarette smoking be... more Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a leading cause of mortality worldwide, with cigarette smoking being a major preventable risk factor. Smoking cessation can be difficult due to the addictive nature of nicotine and the withdrawal symptoms following cessation. Electronic cigarettes (e-Cigs) have emerged as an alternative smoking cessation device, which has been increasingly used by non-smokers; however, the cardiovascular effects surrounding the use of e-Cigs remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the effects of e-Cig aerosol condensate (EAC) (0mg and 18mg nicotine) in-vitro on human coronary artery endothelial cells (HCAEC) and in-vivo on the cardiovascular system using a mouse model of ‘e-vaping’. The results show a decrease in cell viability of HCAEC when exposed to EAC either directly or after exposure to conditioned lung cell media (p < 0.005). Reactive oxygen species and ICAM-1 expression were increased in HCAEC when exposed to EAC directly (p < 0.0005). ICAM-1 mR...
The purpose of this study is to evaluate the literature for research trends on cerium oxide from ... more The purpose of this study is to evaluate the literature for research trends on cerium oxide from 1990 to 2020 and identify gaps in knowledge in the emerging application(s) of CeONP. Bibliometric methods were used to identify themes in database searches from PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science Core Collection using SWIFT-Review, VOSviewer and SciMAT software programs. A systematic review was completed on published cerium oxide literature extracted from the Scopus database (n = 17,115), identifying themes relevant to its industrial, environmental and biomedical applications. A total of 172 publications were included in the systematic analysis and categorized into four time periods with research themes identified; “doping additives” (n = 5, 1990–1997), “catalysts” (n = 32, 1998–2005), “reactive oxygen species” (n = 66, 2006–2013) and “pathology” (n = 69, 2014–2020). China and the USA showed the highest number of citations and publications for cerium oxide research from 1990 to 2020. Long...
Preeclampsia is a pregnancy-specific cardiovascular disorder and a leading cause of morbidity and... more Preeclampsia is a pregnancy-specific cardiovascular disorder and a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in pregnancy. Although inappropriate placental development and growth are recognized as root causes of preeclampsia, pathogenic mechanisms are poorly understood due to limited models of the disease, particularly in early pregnancy. Here, we first confirm the aberrant expression of important vascular and inflammatory proteins, FK506-binding protein like (FKBPL) and galectin-3 (Gal-3), in human plasma and placental tissue from women with/without preeclampsia. We then employ a 3D microfluidic placental model incorporating human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and a first trimester trophoblast cell line (ACH-3P) to investigate FKBPL and Gal-3 signalling in inflammatory conditions. In human samples, both circulating (n = 17 controls; n = 30 preeclampsia) and placental (n ≥ 6) FKBPL and Gal-3 levels were increased in preeclampsia compared to heathy controls (plasma: FKBPL,...
<b>Supplementary Figure 1: </b>Dynamic Light Scattering of RALA- sFlt1-e15a (red) and... more <b>Supplementary Figure 1: </b>Dynamic Light Scattering of RALA- sFlt1-e15a (red) and RALA-hFlt1 (blue) at N:P 10 with a PDI less than 0.6.
<b>Supplementary Figure 2:</b> Differential expression of FKBPL in trophoblast cell l... more <b>Supplementary Figure 2:</b> Differential expression of FKBPL in trophoblast cell lines. 5x10<sup>5</sup> cells were seeded and incubated at 37°C in a humidified atmosphere in the presence of 5% CO<sub>2</sub> for 24 h before protein lysates were collected and western blotting performed. Data points are mean ± SEM; n=3; one-way ANOVA with Tukey's post-hoc test. <em></em>
Additional file 1: Additional Figure 1. Relative mRNA expression levels of endothelial dysfunctio... more Additional file 1: Additional Figure 1. Relative mRNA expression levels of endothelial dysfunction markers Icam1 and Vcam1 in RUPP hearts. Total RNA was collected from 30-50mg sections of cryopreserved rat hearts by a TRIsure reagent protocol. The relative levels of (A) Icam1 and (B) Vcam1 mRNA were quantified by real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) adjusted to β-actin. Data presented as mean fold change ± SEM; n=7; unpaired t-test. Additional Figure 2. Relative mRNA expression levels of endothelial dysfunction markers Icam1 and Vcam1 in RUPP placentae. Total RNA was collected from 30-50mg sections of cryopreserved rat hearts by a TRIsure reagent protocol. The relative levels of (A) Icam1 and (B) Vcam1 mRNA were quantified by real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) adjusted to β-actin. Data presented as mean fold change ± SEM; n=7; unpaired t-test. Additional Figure 3. Cell size and count of RUPP livers and F4/80 quantification by IHC. Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded ...
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