Les facilites de sorties inflexibles de FORTRAN constitue une de ses deficiences principales. La ... more Les facilites de sorties inflexibles de FORTRAN constitue une de ses deficiences principales. La serie de sous-programmes presente ci-dessous prevoit un outil logiciel general pour une sortie «item for item» en FORTRAN utile pour tout programme exigeant une sortie sophistiquee
Evaluation is an essential and expected part of any government incentive, and road safety measure... more Evaluation is an essential and expected part of any government incentive, and road safety measures such as random breath tests are no exception. However, evaluation of what counts - reduction in crashes and fatalities and injuries - is inherently difficult. This paper outlines some of the issues and points to some solutions. (a) For the covering entry of this conference, please see ITRD abstract no. E206108.
Random breath testing (RBT) was introduced in New South Wales on December 17,1982. Although there... more Random breath testing (RBT) was introduced in New South Wales on December 17,1982. Although there have been many studies of the impact of RBT, no comprehensive time-series analysis of accidents has ever been published. In this paper, daily accident data for the period January 1976 to December 1992 are analysed for the impact of RBT, controlling for weather information, road usage/economic indicators, "time" factors, and the .05 legislation introduced in December 1980. The initial effect of RBT on total fatal accidents was extremely marked, with a drop of 48 percent, an effect which was however limited to about two months' duration. The long-term effects of RBT were revealed most clearly for single-vehicle night-time accidents, for which the initial impact was a 24 percent decline that was sustained for nearly five years. In addition, there were an estimated 12 percent fewer such accidents for every 1,000 drivers tested, an effect which intensified as levels of RBT enfo...
The establishment of a minimum wage, a wage below which no employer can pay able bodied full-time... more The establishment of a minimum wage, a wage below which no employer can pay able bodied full-time employees, is a common feature in most industrialised societies. In many of these societies the minimum wage is determined by government fiat. In Australia, the prevailing method of minimum wage determination has been by way of industrial tribunals. In their minimum wage role both governments and industrial tribunals need to determine minimum wage criteria as well as mechanisms for operationalising the criteria This paper proposes ‘reasonable living’ needs criteria for minimum wage determination. By analysing the Household Expenditure Survey it also suggests the amount which would constitute a ‘reasonable living’ minimum wage for labourers in Australia.
In the past forty years in many fields of physics and geophysics, signals, usually in the form of... more In the past forty years in many fields of physics and geophysics, signals, usually in the form of waves, have been observed by using arrays of receivers or detectors. The practical problems of estimating the velocity and direction of a signal observed with such an array, in the presence of noise not correlated between receivers, have been solved by many people and the statistical theory has been covered by E.J. Hannan. This thesis firstly extends this statistical theory to the situation where the noise is correlated between receivers. Many ad hoc attempts have been made to cover situations where more than one signal is present. We derive several consistent estimators of velocity and direction for this situation and discuss their asymptotic properties. These estimators are further examined using simulations and it is shown that they can separate signals which the array cannot resolve in the conventional sense. Also several methods of preliminary analysis are discussed using particula...
A frequent problem in the understanding of a mineral deposit is the classification of samples int... more A frequent problem in the understanding of a mineral deposit is the classification of samples into rock types. While there may be several types of data used in this classification, one of statistical interest is multi-element geochemical analysis. Provided there is a training dataset of samples where rock types have been manually classified and for which the geochemical information exists, it is possible to use discriminant analysis to classify subsequent rock samples into specific types. This is a logical extension of the first step in indicator kriging where samples are divided into two types – above and below a certain grade. The continuity problem is that individual samples can be subject to significant random variation and thus a simple statistical classification is not smooth or does not reflect the geological continuity. One answer to this when there are just two rock types is that used in indicator kriging. Where there are more than two rock types the kriging approach is no ...
The cyclical pattern of fasting gastroduodenal contractile activity, termed the "migrati... more The cyclical pattern of fasting gastroduodenal contractile activity, termed the "migrating myoelectric complex," was studied during sleep in 9 healthy human subjects over 41 nights. Power spectral analysis revealed that peaks in the region of 11-16 cycle/day were present for sleep stage changes, duodenal contractile activity, and body movements during sleep. Gastric contractile activity, however, peaked between 7 and 11 cycle/day. Average coherence values between sleep stage changes and duodenal contractile activity were significant (p less than 0.05) and indicated an interrelationship between these two patterns of activity. This was most clearly demonstrated at frequencies below 14 cycle/day. Average coherence values between body movements during sleep and duodenal contractile activity were also significant (p less than 0.05) at approximately 18 cycle/day. These results support the concept of an oscillator, external to the gut and possible central in location, that influences several functions including migrating myoelectric complex periodicity.
Australasian physical & engineering sciences in medicine / supported by the Australasian College of Physical Scientists in Medicine and the Australasian Association of Physical Sciences in Medicine
Neutral factors have been found to play a significant role in human muscular strength development... more Neutral factors have been found to play a significant role in human muscular strength development, as evidenced by quantitative changes in electromyographic activity recorded during maximum voluntary contractions. These changes are suggestive of an altered pattern of motor unit firing in that the coincidence of several motor units firing at one and the same time is greater than could be accounted for by chance alone. Further, our experiments have shown that this altered pattern of firing is not commensurate with the electromyographic pattern associated with muscular fatigue. Whereas altered spinal reflex activity accounts for much of the fatigue pattern, long loop reflexes appear to be an important factor in strength adaptation. These findings are based on a series of studies in which young adult subjects were trained on an isokinetic dynamometer for 4-6 weeks, with voluntary and involuntary (Hoffmann, tendon, and stretch reflex) responses being recorded prior to and after the training period. Electromyographic signals were subjected to power spectral analysis and examined for significant shifts in the spectrum. Typically greater power was observed in the lower frequencies ( less than 80Hz) following strength training, this being indicative of motor unit synchronization. Computer simulations of neuro-muscular activity also supported these findings.
Aim Numerous functions have been proposed to describe the species–area relationship but despite a... more Aim Numerous functions have been proposed to describe the species–area relationship but despite almost a century of curve-fitting there is little agreement on which is best. We aimed to rationalize the list of proposed functions and to discuss appropriate methodology for fitting and comparing the alternatives. Location Data from the British Isles were used for model comparisons. Methods Sixteen functions that have been proposed as models of the species– area relationship were compared algebraically and reformulated into a consistent format. Each was parameterized to enable their use as link functions to model the combined effects of area and other factors (covariates) on S (species number). Using data on the number of plant species on 41 British islands, we examined the effects of ignoring important covariates on the choice of the best-fitting function. The methods used in some recent studies that compared alternative functions were examined. Results Many of the 16 species–area func...
The scope of statistical packages is largely defined by the data structures supported. It is clai... more The scope of statistical packages is largely defined by the data structures supported. It is claimed that none of the standard structures used in major packages is wholly suitable for time series data and this is the major reason why time series has not benefited from modern developments in statistical computing.
Les facilites de sorties inflexibles de FORTRAN constitue une de ses deficiences principales. La ... more Les facilites de sorties inflexibles de FORTRAN constitue une de ses deficiences principales. La serie de sous-programmes presente ci-dessous prevoit un outil logiciel general pour une sortie «item for item» en FORTRAN utile pour tout programme exigeant une sortie sophistiquee
Evaluation is an essential and expected part of any government incentive, and road safety measure... more Evaluation is an essential and expected part of any government incentive, and road safety measures such as random breath tests are no exception. However, evaluation of what counts - reduction in crashes and fatalities and injuries - is inherently difficult. This paper outlines some of the issues and points to some solutions. (a) For the covering entry of this conference, please see ITRD abstract no. E206108.
Random breath testing (RBT) was introduced in New South Wales on December 17,1982. Although there... more Random breath testing (RBT) was introduced in New South Wales on December 17,1982. Although there have been many studies of the impact of RBT, no comprehensive time-series analysis of accidents has ever been published. In this paper, daily accident data for the period January 1976 to December 1992 are analysed for the impact of RBT, controlling for weather information, road usage/economic indicators, "time" factors, and the .05 legislation introduced in December 1980. The initial effect of RBT on total fatal accidents was extremely marked, with a drop of 48 percent, an effect which was however limited to about two months' duration. The long-term effects of RBT were revealed most clearly for single-vehicle night-time accidents, for which the initial impact was a 24 percent decline that was sustained for nearly five years. In addition, there were an estimated 12 percent fewer such accidents for every 1,000 drivers tested, an effect which intensified as levels of RBT enfo...
The establishment of a minimum wage, a wage below which no employer can pay able bodied full-time... more The establishment of a minimum wage, a wage below which no employer can pay able bodied full-time employees, is a common feature in most industrialised societies. In many of these societies the minimum wage is determined by government fiat. In Australia, the prevailing method of minimum wage determination has been by way of industrial tribunals. In their minimum wage role both governments and industrial tribunals need to determine minimum wage criteria as well as mechanisms for operationalising the criteria This paper proposes ‘reasonable living’ needs criteria for minimum wage determination. By analysing the Household Expenditure Survey it also suggests the amount which would constitute a ‘reasonable living’ minimum wage for labourers in Australia.
In the past forty years in many fields of physics and geophysics, signals, usually in the form of... more In the past forty years in many fields of physics and geophysics, signals, usually in the form of waves, have been observed by using arrays of receivers or detectors. The practical problems of estimating the velocity and direction of a signal observed with such an array, in the presence of noise not correlated between receivers, have been solved by many people and the statistical theory has been covered by E.J. Hannan. This thesis firstly extends this statistical theory to the situation where the noise is correlated between receivers. Many ad hoc attempts have been made to cover situations where more than one signal is present. We derive several consistent estimators of velocity and direction for this situation and discuss their asymptotic properties. These estimators are further examined using simulations and it is shown that they can separate signals which the array cannot resolve in the conventional sense. Also several methods of preliminary analysis are discussed using particula...
A frequent problem in the understanding of a mineral deposit is the classification of samples int... more A frequent problem in the understanding of a mineral deposit is the classification of samples into rock types. While there may be several types of data used in this classification, one of statistical interest is multi-element geochemical analysis. Provided there is a training dataset of samples where rock types have been manually classified and for which the geochemical information exists, it is possible to use discriminant analysis to classify subsequent rock samples into specific types. This is a logical extension of the first step in indicator kriging where samples are divided into two types – above and below a certain grade. The continuity problem is that individual samples can be subject to significant random variation and thus a simple statistical classification is not smooth or does not reflect the geological continuity. One answer to this when there are just two rock types is that used in indicator kriging. Where there are more than two rock types the kriging approach is no ...
The cyclical pattern of fasting gastroduodenal contractile activity, termed the "migrati... more The cyclical pattern of fasting gastroduodenal contractile activity, termed the "migrating myoelectric complex," was studied during sleep in 9 healthy human subjects over 41 nights. Power spectral analysis revealed that peaks in the region of 11-16 cycle/day were present for sleep stage changes, duodenal contractile activity, and body movements during sleep. Gastric contractile activity, however, peaked between 7 and 11 cycle/day. Average coherence values between sleep stage changes and duodenal contractile activity were significant (p less than 0.05) and indicated an interrelationship between these two patterns of activity. This was most clearly demonstrated at frequencies below 14 cycle/day. Average coherence values between body movements during sleep and duodenal contractile activity were also significant (p less than 0.05) at approximately 18 cycle/day. These results support the concept of an oscillator, external to the gut and possible central in location, that influences several functions including migrating myoelectric complex periodicity.
Australasian physical & engineering sciences in medicine / supported by the Australasian College of Physical Scientists in Medicine and the Australasian Association of Physical Sciences in Medicine
Neutral factors have been found to play a significant role in human muscular strength development... more Neutral factors have been found to play a significant role in human muscular strength development, as evidenced by quantitative changes in electromyographic activity recorded during maximum voluntary contractions. These changes are suggestive of an altered pattern of motor unit firing in that the coincidence of several motor units firing at one and the same time is greater than could be accounted for by chance alone. Further, our experiments have shown that this altered pattern of firing is not commensurate with the electromyographic pattern associated with muscular fatigue. Whereas altered spinal reflex activity accounts for much of the fatigue pattern, long loop reflexes appear to be an important factor in strength adaptation. These findings are based on a series of studies in which young adult subjects were trained on an isokinetic dynamometer for 4-6 weeks, with voluntary and involuntary (Hoffmann, tendon, and stretch reflex) responses being recorded prior to and after the training period. Electromyographic signals were subjected to power spectral analysis and examined for significant shifts in the spectrum. Typically greater power was observed in the lower frequencies ( less than 80Hz) following strength training, this being indicative of motor unit synchronization. Computer simulations of neuro-muscular activity also supported these findings.
Aim Numerous functions have been proposed to describe the species–area relationship but despite a... more Aim Numerous functions have been proposed to describe the species–area relationship but despite almost a century of curve-fitting there is little agreement on which is best. We aimed to rationalize the list of proposed functions and to discuss appropriate methodology for fitting and comparing the alternatives. Location Data from the British Isles were used for model comparisons. Methods Sixteen functions that have been proposed as models of the species– area relationship were compared algebraically and reformulated into a consistent format. Each was parameterized to enable their use as link functions to model the combined effects of area and other factors (covariates) on S (species number). Using data on the number of plant species on 41 British islands, we examined the effects of ignoring important covariates on the choice of the best-fitting function. The methods used in some recent studies that compared alternative functions were examined. Results Many of the 16 species–area func...
The scope of statistical packages is largely defined by the data structures supported. It is clai... more The scope of statistical packages is largely defined by the data structures supported. It is claimed that none of the standard structures used in major packages is wholly suitable for time series data and this is the major reason why time series has not benefited from modern developments in statistical computing.
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Papers by John Henstridge