Plant Response Mechanisms to Abiotic Stresses [Working Title]
Reduction in biomass and pollen fertility are the two major constraints resulting in poor grain y... more Reduction in biomass and pollen fertility are the two major constraints resulting in poor grain yield in major pulses grown under rainfed agrosystem. Generally, pulses are encountered into both heat and drought stresses during terminal reproductive stages. Though pulses have many adaptive features to counter the adverse effects of various abiotic stresses but yield is substantially reduced when the magnitude of these stresses is very high. The factors have been identified to enhance grain yield under stress environments which include promotion of biomass in the above ground part enabling crops to reserve a maximum amount of photosynthesis and water in the plant system itself before the onset of drought and heat stresses during reproductive stages. Various physiological mechanisms and fertility enhancement components including genetic diversity in key traits have been discussed here to improve yield of pulses under stressed conditions.
Mannur, D.M., Yeri, S.B., Mahiboobsa, M., Shankergouda, I., Thudi, M., Varshney, R.K. <https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/view/author/Varshney, Rajeev.html>ORCID: 0000-0002-4562-9131 <http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4562-9131>, Gaur, P.M. and Jayalakshmi, S.K. (2016) Introgress of foc 4 QTL loc..., 2016
Chickpea is an important food legume cultivated and consumed across the Indian subcontinent. Fusa... more Chickpea is an important food legume cultivated and consumed across the Indian subcontinent. Fusarium wilt is the major constraint in chickpea production. The wilt race confined to Northern-Karnataka region is caused by soil borne fungus Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceris (foc 4). Thus marker assisted backcrossing (MABC) was attempted to introgress the foc 4 loci from WR-315 (wilt resistant) to elite cultivar Annegeri-1(A-1: wilt susceptible) (A-1× WR-315). For MABC three markers TA96, TA27-F and TR19-V conferring the foc 4 loci were used in foreground selection. Background selection was employed using 40 SSR markers that were evenly distributed on to all the 8 LG of chickpea genome. After two backcrosses and two rounds selfing, 67 families were found to be resistant to wilt under wilt sick garden and possessed good background genome recovery (78.85-94.83%). Of the 67 BC2F3 families top ten elite families with recurrent parent genome recovery of 91.07-94.83% were selected. The selected lines were homozygous and stable. Stringent phenotypic evaluation of advanced lines of BC2F3 families in wilt sick garden could confirm resistance to fusarium wilt Race-4. These elite lines are being evaluated for yield and yield attributing traits in multi-location trails to identify the best possible line as compared to local check for release and general cultivation in Northern-Karnataka region. The present investigation was accomplished with speedy development of elite "Super Annigeri-1" cultivar resistant to fusarium wilt, grain yield advantage that was otherwise susceptible, as early as in two backcrosses and selfing
Production and area of chickpea are reducing every year in India due to competition with horticul... more Production and area of chickpea are reducing every year in India due to competition with horticulture and other cash crops in irrigated areas. There is a great scope for expanding chickpea production with or without limited irrigation in rainfed rice fallow lands (RRFL) in the states of Chhattisgarh and Madhya Pradesh. Nineteen chickpea genotypes were tested using participatory varietal selection (PVS) trials on farmers’ fields in each of the four districts of Chhattisgarh and Madhya Pradesh. Among the several traits of the introduced chickpea varieties, grain yield was the most preferred trait by farmers, followed by resistance to diseases and early maturity. Selection of chickpea genotypes varied over time and location depending on agronomic and climatic pressures, indicating a preference by farmers for growing multiple, improved varieties. Yield potential of PVS genotypes averaged up to 50% greater than the local cultivar. Farmers’ participation in the selection process of genoty...
Legumes (Leguminosae family) seed system in India consists of the informal, formal and the integr... more Legumes (Leguminosae family) seed system in India consists of the informal, formal and the integrated seed sector. However, the informal seed sector dominates the seed production system. The majority of farmers who grow legumes particularly as dry seeds (in short pulses), save a part of their produce (about 80-90%) as seed requirement. Although, the private sector is increasing its share of the market, it is the farmers’ sector (farmer-saved seed and exchange systems) that produces 70% of the quality seed. Quality seeds are labeled as ‘truthful’ seeds when farmers follow the recommended package of practices in order to maintain the level of genetic purity of legumes. In the formal seed sector, private companies respond to commercial incentives on hybrids of high-value seeds. However, the existence of the developed formal seed sector at the national level cannot guarantee small-farmer seed security at the community and household levels. The integrated approach that takes into cogniza...
The Semi-arid and Arid tropics ecology and weather have undergone a noticeable change due to clim... more The Semi-arid and Arid tropics ecology and weather have undergone a noticeable change due to climate change which has reduced pulse production by more than 56%. Considering this adverse effect of climate change, farming systems need to be established that are appropriate for, and tolerant towards, a specific area and its environment. Given these conditions, there is a need to increase production of pulses and improving livelihood by utilizing the rice fallow cropping system of smallholder farmers. However, the focus should be on deep black soil where moisture retention is high that will last to 2-3 months as compared to red soils...
Cultural management practices are measures undertaken by humans which refers to that broad set of... more Cultural management practices are measures undertaken by humans which refers to that broad set of management techniques or options which may be manipulated by agricultural producers to achieve their crop production goals.
Grain legumes are characterised by their nutritional value, an ability to grow rapidly and improv... more Grain legumes are characterised by their nutritional value, an ability to grow rapidly and improve soil health. This makes them a key rotation crop in promoting food security. However, yields are constrained by factors such as pests and diseases as well as vulnerability to poor soils, drought and other effects of climate change. This collection reviews the wealth of research addressing these challenges. Volume 2 assesses key research on particular types of grain legume with chapters on developing improved varieties as well as improvements in cultivation techniques. The book covers common beans, lentils, soybeans, groundnuts, cowpea, faba beans and pigeonpea. With its distinguished editorial team and international range of expert authors, this will be a standard reference for the grain legume research community and farmers of these important crops. It is accompanied by a companion volume which reviews general advances in breeding and cultivation techniques
Chickpea is an important legume in Myanmar, not only for local consumption but also for export ea... more Chickpea is an important legume in Myanmar, not only for local consumption but also for export earnings. Major chickpeaproducing area is the central dry zone which contributes 96% of the chickpea production. Kabuli chickpea is mainly grown for export, while desi chickpea is for local consumption. Eight improved varieties of chickpea (5 desi and 3 kabuli) have been released in Myanmar. The adoption of improved varieties and improved crop production practices has led to remarkable increase in chickpea yields and production.
Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is an important food legume in Ethiopia. Its production is challeng... more Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is an important food legume in Ethiopia. Its production is challenged by low productivity of landraces, poor farming practices, and biotic and abiotic stresses, among others. To address these challenges, EIAR has partnered with CGIAR centers and developed improved chickpea varieties, along with integrated crop management technologies that have increased productivity. Central to these efforts is the Tropical Legumes Projects (TL) funded by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation. Since the inception of the Tropical Legume project in 2007, six ‘kabuli’ and five ‘desi’ chickpea varieties have been released. TL project also supported efforts to avail high-quality seed of improved varieties to many small holder farmers through participatory variety selection and demonstration activities. Eighteen farmers’ seed producer associations have been established to fill up supply gaps for high quality seed. Seed production of improved chickpea varieties from 2008 to 20...
Plant Response Mechanisms to Abiotic Stresses [Working Title]
Reduction in biomass and pollen fertility are the two major constraints resulting in poor grain y... more Reduction in biomass and pollen fertility are the two major constraints resulting in poor grain yield in major pulses grown under rainfed agrosystem. Generally, pulses are encountered into both heat and drought stresses during terminal reproductive stages. Though pulses have many adaptive features to counter the adverse effects of various abiotic stresses but yield is substantially reduced when the magnitude of these stresses is very high. The factors have been identified to enhance grain yield under stress environments which include promotion of biomass in the above ground part enabling crops to reserve a maximum amount of photosynthesis and water in the plant system itself before the onset of drought and heat stresses during reproductive stages. Various physiological mechanisms and fertility enhancement components including genetic diversity in key traits have been discussed here to improve yield of pulses under stressed conditions.
Mannur, D.M., Yeri, S.B., Mahiboobsa, M., Shankergouda, I., Thudi, M., Varshney, R.K. <https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/view/author/Varshney, Rajeev.html>ORCID: 0000-0002-4562-9131 <http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4562-9131>, Gaur, P.M. and Jayalakshmi, S.K. (2016) Introgress of foc 4 QTL loc..., 2016
Chickpea is an important food legume cultivated and consumed across the Indian subcontinent. Fusa... more Chickpea is an important food legume cultivated and consumed across the Indian subcontinent. Fusarium wilt is the major constraint in chickpea production. The wilt race confined to Northern-Karnataka region is caused by soil borne fungus Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceris (foc 4). Thus marker assisted backcrossing (MABC) was attempted to introgress the foc 4 loci from WR-315 (wilt resistant) to elite cultivar Annegeri-1(A-1: wilt susceptible) (A-1× WR-315). For MABC three markers TA96, TA27-F and TR19-V conferring the foc 4 loci were used in foreground selection. Background selection was employed using 40 SSR markers that were evenly distributed on to all the 8 LG of chickpea genome. After two backcrosses and two rounds selfing, 67 families were found to be resistant to wilt under wilt sick garden and possessed good background genome recovery (78.85-94.83%). Of the 67 BC2F3 families top ten elite families with recurrent parent genome recovery of 91.07-94.83% were selected. The selected lines were homozygous and stable. Stringent phenotypic evaluation of advanced lines of BC2F3 families in wilt sick garden could confirm resistance to fusarium wilt Race-4. These elite lines are being evaluated for yield and yield attributing traits in multi-location trails to identify the best possible line as compared to local check for release and general cultivation in Northern-Karnataka region. The present investigation was accomplished with speedy development of elite "Super Annigeri-1" cultivar resistant to fusarium wilt, grain yield advantage that was otherwise susceptible, as early as in two backcrosses and selfing
Production and area of chickpea are reducing every year in India due to competition with horticul... more Production and area of chickpea are reducing every year in India due to competition with horticulture and other cash crops in irrigated areas. There is a great scope for expanding chickpea production with or without limited irrigation in rainfed rice fallow lands (RRFL) in the states of Chhattisgarh and Madhya Pradesh. Nineteen chickpea genotypes were tested using participatory varietal selection (PVS) trials on farmers’ fields in each of the four districts of Chhattisgarh and Madhya Pradesh. Among the several traits of the introduced chickpea varieties, grain yield was the most preferred trait by farmers, followed by resistance to diseases and early maturity. Selection of chickpea genotypes varied over time and location depending on agronomic and climatic pressures, indicating a preference by farmers for growing multiple, improved varieties. Yield potential of PVS genotypes averaged up to 50% greater than the local cultivar. Farmers’ participation in the selection process of genoty...
Legumes (Leguminosae family) seed system in India consists of the informal, formal and the integr... more Legumes (Leguminosae family) seed system in India consists of the informal, formal and the integrated seed sector. However, the informal seed sector dominates the seed production system. The majority of farmers who grow legumes particularly as dry seeds (in short pulses), save a part of their produce (about 80-90%) as seed requirement. Although, the private sector is increasing its share of the market, it is the farmers’ sector (farmer-saved seed and exchange systems) that produces 70% of the quality seed. Quality seeds are labeled as ‘truthful’ seeds when farmers follow the recommended package of practices in order to maintain the level of genetic purity of legumes. In the formal seed sector, private companies respond to commercial incentives on hybrids of high-value seeds. However, the existence of the developed formal seed sector at the national level cannot guarantee small-farmer seed security at the community and household levels. The integrated approach that takes into cogniza...
The Semi-arid and Arid tropics ecology and weather have undergone a noticeable change due to clim... more The Semi-arid and Arid tropics ecology and weather have undergone a noticeable change due to climate change which has reduced pulse production by more than 56%. Considering this adverse effect of climate change, farming systems need to be established that are appropriate for, and tolerant towards, a specific area and its environment. Given these conditions, there is a need to increase production of pulses and improving livelihood by utilizing the rice fallow cropping system of smallholder farmers. However, the focus should be on deep black soil where moisture retention is high that will last to 2-3 months as compared to red soils...
Cultural management practices are measures undertaken by humans which refers to that broad set of... more Cultural management practices are measures undertaken by humans which refers to that broad set of management techniques or options which may be manipulated by agricultural producers to achieve their crop production goals.
Grain legumes are characterised by their nutritional value, an ability to grow rapidly and improv... more Grain legumes are characterised by their nutritional value, an ability to grow rapidly and improve soil health. This makes them a key rotation crop in promoting food security. However, yields are constrained by factors such as pests and diseases as well as vulnerability to poor soils, drought and other effects of climate change. This collection reviews the wealth of research addressing these challenges. Volume 2 assesses key research on particular types of grain legume with chapters on developing improved varieties as well as improvements in cultivation techniques. The book covers common beans, lentils, soybeans, groundnuts, cowpea, faba beans and pigeonpea. With its distinguished editorial team and international range of expert authors, this will be a standard reference for the grain legume research community and farmers of these important crops. It is accompanied by a companion volume which reviews general advances in breeding and cultivation techniques
Chickpea is an important legume in Myanmar, not only for local consumption but also for export ea... more Chickpea is an important legume in Myanmar, not only for local consumption but also for export earnings. Major chickpeaproducing area is the central dry zone which contributes 96% of the chickpea production. Kabuli chickpea is mainly grown for export, while desi chickpea is for local consumption. Eight improved varieties of chickpea (5 desi and 3 kabuli) have been released in Myanmar. The adoption of improved varieties and improved crop production practices has led to remarkable increase in chickpea yields and production.
Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is an important food legume in Ethiopia. Its production is challeng... more Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is an important food legume in Ethiopia. Its production is challenged by low productivity of landraces, poor farming practices, and biotic and abiotic stresses, among others. To address these challenges, EIAR has partnered with CGIAR centers and developed improved chickpea varieties, along with integrated crop management technologies that have increased productivity. Central to these efforts is the Tropical Legumes Projects (TL) funded by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation. Since the inception of the Tropical Legume project in 2007, six ‘kabuli’ and five ‘desi’ chickpea varieties have been released. TL project also supported efforts to avail high-quality seed of improved varieties to many small holder farmers through participatory variety selection and demonstration activities. Eighteen farmers’ seed producer associations have been established to fill up supply gaps for high quality seed. Seed production of improved chickpea varieties from 2008 to 20...
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