<p>The aim of the study is to investigate the quality of the tropospheric e... more <p>The aim of the study is to investigate the quality of the tropospheric estimates obtained with the use of the latest dual-frequency low-cost GNSS receivers. We aim to verify if the low-cost receivers may provide information on the parameters that describe the state of the troposphere with accuracy and reliability close to that of high-grade receivers. In this way, we address a scientific question on the potential usability of such receivers for climate applications. We investigate selected GNSS tropospheric estimates such as zenith tropospheric delays (ZTDs) and horizontal gradients. ZTD accuracy is validated in comparison to ERA5, which is the fifth generation reanalysis for the global climate and weather produced by European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF).</p><p>The experiment is based on GNSS data collected during two measurement campaigns. The 1<sup>st</sup> campaign was carried out over three days in the winter 2020; the 2<sup>nd</sup> one was held over three days in the summer 2021. Three collocated stations equipped with u-blox ZED F9P receivers and one station with a high-grade Trimble Alloy receiver were used. Receivers were connected to two different types of GNSS antennas: a surveying-grade Leica AR10 and a patch ANN-MB antenna. Collected GNSS data were processed using Bernese GNSS Software v.5.2 in Precise Point Positioning (PPP) mode based on dual-frequency ionosphere-free model.</p><p>The presented results confirm that the tropospheric solutions based on low-cost receivers data can achieve high accuracy. Low-cost equipment provides tropospheric parameters with precision and reliability only slightly lower than that of high-grade one. We also show that an application of a surveying-grade antenna to a low-cost receiver may noticeably enhance the accuracy of the tropospheric estimates derived with such receivers. Finally, validation against the ERA5 climate reanalysis confirms that both sets can provide high-quality, accurate tropospheric estimates, which can be further used in climate applications.</p>
Jacek Paziewski1,∗, Allison Kealy, Vassilis Gikas and Jianghui Geng 1 University of Warmia and M... more Jacek Paziewski1,∗, Allison Kealy, Vassilis Gikas and Jianghui Geng 1 University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland 2 RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia 3 National Technical University of Athens, Athens, Greece 4 GNSS Research Center, Wuhan University, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China ∗ Author to whom any correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: jacek.paziewski@uwm.edu.pl
2018 Baltic Geodetic Congress (BGC Geomatics), 2018
Nowadays the observations of Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) are considered as a relia... more Nowadays the observations of Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) are considered as a reliable source of information on irregularities in the ionosphere. This contribution is aimed at evaluation of GNSS-based patch detection for different elevation mask. The extraction of patch signatures from geometry-free GNSS observables is performed with iterative fitting of 4- degree polynomial corresponding to the background slant total electron content (STEC) variations. For the testing purpose we selected two days: 9th and 15th March 2012. In order to obtain the point maps of relative STEC values, the data from a few tens of stations located at northern high latitudes were processed. The derived results confirmed that the proposed indicator allows the efficient detection of polar patches. However, the full view of their convection is limited by land mass configuration. The application of low elevation mask ensures better coverage of analysed area by GNSS data.
2017 Baltic Geodetic Congress (BGC Geomatics), 2017
The test shown in this paper is intended to check if the technology of the global navigation sate... more The test shown in this paper is intended to check if the technology of the global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) allows realtime monitoring of more stiffer civil structures with fundamental frequencies about 3–5 Hz and dynamic displacements in the order of a few millimeters. The technical feasibility is illustrated through a simple and inexpensive experiment using a standard stock steel bar to simulate vibration of a building as a vertical cantilever beam. Information on dynamic displacements were obtained both from signals recorded by GNSS receivers and accelerometers. It seems that both instruments can provide sufficiently accurate measurements of relative horizontal displacements allowing dynamic characteristics of the vibrating systems to be accurately identified.
Preliminary results on performance of new ultra-fast static positioning module – POZGEO-2 in area... more Preliminary results on performance of new ultra-fast static positioning module – POZGEO-2 in areas outside the ASG-EUPOS network
We analyze the observation quality, assess the performance and identify the constraints of quadru... more We analyze the observation quality, assess the performance and identify the constraints of quadruple-constellation single-frequency ionospheric-free precise point positioning (SF-IF PPP) with low-cost receivers. It is revealed that low-cost receivers with patch antennas exhibit lower C/N0 records and a weaker elevation dependence of C/N0 than the high-grade equipment. The results demonstrate that low-cost receivers can offer code measurements with similar noise compared to high-grade receivers providing that the multipath effect is eliminated. Regarding positioning performance, it is shown how SF-IF PPP for the high-grade receiver converges approximately two times faster than for the low-cost receiver with a patch antenna. It is confirmed that an application of a survey-grade antenna instead of the patch one noticeably enhances the performance of low-cost receiver SF-IF PPP. The study also reveals that the multipath effect is a dominant factor that constrains the performance of SF-I...
<p>This study assesses the quality of multi-constellation GNSS obse... more <p>This study assesses the quality of multi-constellation GNSS observations of selected Android smartphones namely Huawei P30, Huawei P20 and Huawei P Smart as well as Xiaomi Mi 8 and Xiaomi Mi 9. We investigate the properties of phase ambiguities to anticipate the feasibility of precise positioning with integer ambiguity fixing. The results reveal a significant drop of smartphone carrier-to-noise density ratio (C/N0) with respect to geodetic receivers and discernible differences among constellations and frequency bands. We show that the higher the elevation of the satellite, the larger discrepancy in C/N0 between the geodetic receivers and smartphones. We depict that an elevation dependence of the signal strength is not always the case for the smartphones. We discover that smartphone code pseudoranges are noisier by about one order of magnitude as compared to the geodetic receivers, and that the code signals on L5 and E5a outperform these on L1 and E1, respectively. It was shown that smartphone phase observations are contaminated by the effects that can destroy the integer property and time-constancy of the ambiguities. The long term drifts were detected for GPS L5, Galileo E1, E5a and BDS B1 phase observations of Huawei P30. To isolate the observational noise from low frequency effects we take advantage of time differencing using the variometric approach. These investigations highlight competitive phase noise characteristics for the Xiaomi Mi 8 when compared to the geodetic receivers. We also reveal poor phase signal quality for the Huawei P30 smartphones related to the unexpected long-term drifts of the phase signals. The observation quality assessment is supported with the evaluation of a positioning performance. We proved that it is feasible to obtain a precise solution in a smartphone to smartphone relative positioning mode with fixed ambiguities. Such results move us towards a collaborative precise positioning with smartphones.</p>
2018 Baltic Geodetic Congress (BGC Geomatics), 2018
Reliable GNSS positioning is a challenging task at the high-latitudes since these areas are a sub... more Reliable GNSS positioning is a challenging task at the high-latitudes since these areas are a subject of frequent occurrence of ionospheric disturbances. Considering the above, this study presents both methodology and performance assessment of the original algorithm aimed at the mitigation of the ionospheric delay variability in precise GNSS positioning. The algorithm is based on the rate of TEC equation and allows elimination of the temporal changes of the ionospheric delays. The experimental verification of the methodology was performed on the basis of multi-station medium-range RTK positioning using data collected in December 2017 at permanent stations located near the south geomagnetic pole. The results confirmed a drop of ambiguity resolution efficiency during space weather events for a standard geometry-based relative positioning model. On the contrary the results obtained with the application of the proposed algorithm demonstrated a clear enhancement in the ambiguity resolution domain thus proved its wide applicability.
This review paper presents research results on geodetic positioning and applications carried out ... more This review paper presents research results on geodetic positioning and applications carried out in Poland, and related to the activities of the International Association of Geodesy (IAG) Commission 4 “Positioning and Applications” and its working groups. It also constitutes the chapter 4 of the national report of Poland for the International Union of Geodesy and Geodynamics (IUGG) covering the period of 2015-2018. The paper presents selected research, reviewed and summarized here, that were carried out at leading Polish research institutions, and is concerned with the precise multi-GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite Systems) satellite positioning and also GNSS-based ionosphere and troposphere modelling and studies. The research, primarily carried out within working groups of the IAG Commission 4, resulted in important advancements that were published in leading scientific journals. During the review period, Polish research groups carried out studies on multi-GNSS functional position...
determination of deformation indices, like vertical and horizontal displacements, requires high p... more determination of deformation indices, like vertical and horizontal displacements, requires high precision geodetic surveys. in the classic surveying, the precise, geometrical leveling is commonly used in order to determine vertical displacements and angle-distance measurements in control network in order to determine horizontal displacements. The paper presents the main principles and steps of precise determination of the 3-d displacements with the use of GPs technology. The technology of field measurements together with the construction of the control network and the observation processing methodology is presented. The emphasis was put on the data post-processing strategy in precise, local satellite networks. The presented achievable accuracy is confirmed after several years of the experience gained during field campaigns at the open pit mine adamów and the Main and old city of Gdańsk. The results show that it is possible to achieve 2-3 mm accuracy 3-d coordinates of the monitored ...
Total electron content (TEC) fluctuation in the ionosphere is one of the main unresolved problems... more Total electron content (TEC) fluctuation in the ionosphere is one of the main unresolved problems degrading ambiguity resolution and thus affect the reliability of satellite positioning. With regard to conditions prevailing at mid-latitudes, the impact of the upper atmospheric layers is primarily associated with the occurrence of medium-scale traveling ionospheric disturbances (MSTIDs). This study contains the combined analysis involving MSTIDs patterns observed in raw phase data and their impact on rapid static positioning. The first part is aimed at discrepancies in wavelike MSTIDs signatures detected in time series of high elevated measurements. It was demonstrated that the differences in slant ionospheric delays at medium baselines often exceed 0.5 TEC units and more importantly, the detected MSTIDs patterns were highly mutable. The next section presents the impact of MSTIDs on double differenced ionospheric delays and performance of rapid static positioning. The positioning was...
The monitoring of static and dynamic deformations of buildings and other engineering structures i... more The monitoring of static and dynamic deformations of buildings and other engineering structures is of greatinterest for many scientific and practical reasons. Such measurements provide information required for safe maintenanceof the constructions being a subject of various excitations. At present one of the most commonly used technologyfor this purpose is the high-rate GNSS positioning. The application of GNSS technology with appropriate processingmethodology may meet the specific requirements which result in extraction of information on dynamic displacementsand deformations of ground and engineering structures. The high temporal resolution and precision ofGNSS phase observations predestine this technology to be applied to the most demanding applications in terms of accuracy,availability and reliability. In this study we present preliminary results of application of precise GNSS positioningfor detection of small scale (centimeter level) dynamic displacements. In the first part of wo...
The Medium Scale Travelling Ionospheric Disturbances (MSTIDs) are the most frequent wave signatur... more The Medium Scale Travelling Ionospheric Disturbances (MSTIDs) are the most frequent wave signatures in the ionosphere, with amplitudes up to several TECUs, periods from several hundreds to one-two thousands of seconds, and propagation velocities from 50 to +300 m/s, mainly equator-eastward in winter/fall seasons, and westward in summer/spring seasons (M. Hernandez-Pajares et al., Radio Science, doi:10.1029/2011RS004951, 2012). Although their amplitude in not very important in relative terms, compared with the typical background electron content, MSTID’s undulatory nature makes them likely the main non-linear error affecting precise GNSS processing, for instance in Wide Area RTK or either RTK techniques.
on precise GNSS processing M. Hernandez-Pajares(1), P. Wielgosz(2), J. Paziewski(2), A. Krypiak-G... more on precise GNSS processing M. Hernandez-Pajares(1), P. Wielgosz(2), J. Paziewski(2), A. Krypiak-Gregorczyk(2), K. Stepniak(2), J. Bosy(3), J. Kaplon(3), T. Hadas(3), R. Orus-Perez(4), E. MonteMoreno (1), H. Yang (1), A. Garcia-Rigo (1), and G. Olivares-Pulido (1) (1) UPC, Barcelona, Spain (manuel@ma4.upc.edu)(2) UWM, Olsztyn, Poland (p.a.wielgosz@gmail.com) (3) WUELS, Wroclaw, Poland (jaroslaw.bosy@igig.up.wroc.pl), (4) ESA-ESTEC, Noordwijk, The Netherlands (raul.orus.perez@esa.int)
Mining as well as natural hazards can result in land subsidence and may consequently cause disast... more Mining as well as natural hazards can result in land subsidence and may consequently cause disasters with threat to human life and damage to human property. Determination of deformation indices at area being under influence of open pit mine requires high precision geodetic surveys in order to allow for alerting the plausible hazards. In this paper there are presented the principles of the precise determination of the three dimensional displacements with the use of GPS technology elaborated at the University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn. The presented technology has been in use for several years at the area of open pit mine “Adamow SA” in Turek. The technology of field measurements together with the construction of the control network and the observational session was presented. The emphasis was put on the post-processing strategy in precise local satellite networks. Results show that it is possible to achieve 2-3 mm accuracy of 3-D coordinates of the monitored points.
<p>The aim of the study is to investigate the quality of the tropospheric e... more <p>The aim of the study is to investigate the quality of the tropospheric estimates obtained with the use of the latest dual-frequency low-cost GNSS receivers. We aim to verify if the low-cost receivers may provide information on the parameters that describe the state of the troposphere with accuracy and reliability close to that of high-grade receivers. In this way, we address a scientific question on the potential usability of such receivers for climate applications. We investigate selected GNSS tropospheric estimates such as zenith tropospheric delays (ZTDs) and horizontal gradients. ZTD accuracy is validated in comparison to ERA5, which is the fifth generation reanalysis for the global climate and weather produced by European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF).</p><p>The experiment is based on GNSS data collected during two measurement campaigns. The 1<sup>st</sup> campaign was carried out over three days in the winter 2020; the 2<sup>nd</sup> one was held over three days in the summer 2021. Three collocated stations equipped with u-blox ZED F9P receivers and one station with a high-grade Trimble Alloy receiver were used. Receivers were connected to two different types of GNSS antennas: a surveying-grade Leica AR10 and a patch ANN-MB antenna. Collected GNSS data were processed using Bernese GNSS Software v.5.2 in Precise Point Positioning (PPP) mode based on dual-frequency ionosphere-free model.</p><p>The presented results confirm that the tropospheric solutions based on low-cost receivers data can achieve high accuracy. Low-cost equipment provides tropospheric parameters with precision and reliability only slightly lower than that of high-grade one. We also show that an application of a surveying-grade antenna to a low-cost receiver may noticeably enhance the accuracy of the tropospheric estimates derived with such receivers. Finally, validation against the ERA5 climate reanalysis confirms that both sets can provide high-quality, accurate tropospheric estimates, which can be further used in climate applications.</p>
Jacek Paziewski1,∗, Allison Kealy, Vassilis Gikas and Jianghui Geng 1 University of Warmia and M... more Jacek Paziewski1,∗, Allison Kealy, Vassilis Gikas and Jianghui Geng 1 University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland 2 RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia 3 National Technical University of Athens, Athens, Greece 4 GNSS Research Center, Wuhan University, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China ∗ Author to whom any correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: jacek.paziewski@uwm.edu.pl
2018 Baltic Geodetic Congress (BGC Geomatics), 2018
Nowadays the observations of Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) are considered as a relia... more Nowadays the observations of Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) are considered as a reliable source of information on irregularities in the ionosphere. This contribution is aimed at evaluation of GNSS-based patch detection for different elevation mask. The extraction of patch signatures from geometry-free GNSS observables is performed with iterative fitting of 4- degree polynomial corresponding to the background slant total electron content (STEC) variations. For the testing purpose we selected two days: 9th and 15th March 2012. In order to obtain the point maps of relative STEC values, the data from a few tens of stations located at northern high latitudes were processed. The derived results confirmed that the proposed indicator allows the efficient detection of polar patches. However, the full view of their convection is limited by land mass configuration. The application of low elevation mask ensures better coverage of analysed area by GNSS data.
2017 Baltic Geodetic Congress (BGC Geomatics), 2017
The test shown in this paper is intended to check if the technology of the global navigation sate... more The test shown in this paper is intended to check if the technology of the global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) allows realtime monitoring of more stiffer civil structures with fundamental frequencies about 3–5 Hz and dynamic displacements in the order of a few millimeters. The technical feasibility is illustrated through a simple and inexpensive experiment using a standard stock steel bar to simulate vibration of a building as a vertical cantilever beam. Information on dynamic displacements were obtained both from signals recorded by GNSS receivers and accelerometers. It seems that both instruments can provide sufficiently accurate measurements of relative horizontal displacements allowing dynamic characteristics of the vibrating systems to be accurately identified.
Preliminary results on performance of new ultra-fast static positioning module – POZGEO-2 in area... more Preliminary results on performance of new ultra-fast static positioning module – POZGEO-2 in areas outside the ASG-EUPOS network
We analyze the observation quality, assess the performance and identify the constraints of quadru... more We analyze the observation quality, assess the performance and identify the constraints of quadruple-constellation single-frequency ionospheric-free precise point positioning (SF-IF PPP) with low-cost receivers. It is revealed that low-cost receivers with patch antennas exhibit lower C/N0 records and a weaker elevation dependence of C/N0 than the high-grade equipment. The results demonstrate that low-cost receivers can offer code measurements with similar noise compared to high-grade receivers providing that the multipath effect is eliminated. Regarding positioning performance, it is shown how SF-IF PPP for the high-grade receiver converges approximately two times faster than for the low-cost receiver with a patch antenna. It is confirmed that an application of a survey-grade antenna instead of the patch one noticeably enhances the performance of low-cost receiver SF-IF PPP. The study also reveals that the multipath effect is a dominant factor that constrains the performance of SF-I...
<p>This study assesses the quality of multi-constellation GNSS obse... more <p>This study assesses the quality of multi-constellation GNSS observations of selected Android smartphones namely Huawei P30, Huawei P20 and Huawei P Smart as well as Xiaomi Mi 8 and Xiaomi Mi 9. We investigate the properties of phase ambiguities to anticipate the feasibility of precise positioning with integer ambiguity fixing. The results reveal a significant drop of smartphone carrier-to-noise density ratio (C/N0) with respect to geodetic receivers and discernible differences among constellations and frequency bands. We show that the higher the elevation of the satellite, the larger discrepancy in C/N0 between the geodetic receivers and smartphones. We depict that an elevation dependence of the signal strength is not always the case for the smartphones. We discover that smartphone code pseudoranges are noisier by about one order of magnitude as compared to the geodetic receivers, and that the code signals on L5 and E5a outperform these on L1 and E1, respectively. It was shown that smartphone phase observations are contaminated by the effects that can destroy the integer property and time-constancy of the ambiguities. The long term drifts were detected for GPS L5, Galileo E1, E5a and BDS B1 phase observations of Huawei P30. To isolate the observational noise from low frequency effects we take advantage of time differencing using the variometric approach. These investigations highlight competitive phase noise characteristics for the Xiaomi Mi 8 when compared to the geodetic receivers. We also reveal poor phase signal quality for the Huawei P30 smartphones related to the unexpected long-term drifts of the phase signals. The observation quality assessment is supported with the evaluation of a positioning performance. We proved that it is feasible to obtain a precise solution in a smartphone to smartphone relative positioning mode with fixed ambiguities. Such results move us towards a collaborative precise positioning with smartphones.</p>
2018 Baltic Geodetic Congress (BGC Geomatics), 2018
Reliable GNSS positioning is a challenging task at the high-latitudes since these areas are a sub... more Reliable GNSS positioning is a challenging task at the high-latitudes since these areas are a subject of frequent occurrence of ionospheric disturbances. Considering the above, this study presents both methodology and performance assessment of the original algorithm aimed at the mitigation of the ionospheric delay variability in precise GNSS positioning. The algorithm is based on the rate of TEC equation and allows elimination of the temporal changes of the ionospheric delays. The experimental verification of the methodology was performed on the basis of multi-station medium-range RTK positioning using data collected in December 2017 at permanent stations located near the south geomagnetic pole. The results confirmed a drop of ambiguity resolution efficiency during space weather events for a standard geometry-based relative positioning model. On the contrary the results obtained with the application of the proposed algorithm demonstrated a clear enhancement in the ambiguity resolution domain thus proved its wide applicability.
This review paper presents research results on geodetic positioning and applications carried out ... more This review paper presents research results on geodetic positioning and applications carried out in Poland, and related to the activities of the International Association of Geodesy (IAG) Commission 4 “Positioning and Applications” and its working groups. It also constitutes the chapter 4 of the national report of Poland for the International Union of Geodesy and Geodynamics (IUGG) covering the period of 2015-2018. The paper presents selected research, reviewed and summarized here, that were carried out at leading Polish research institutions, and is concerned with the precise multi-GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite Systems) satellite positioning and also GNSS-based ionosphere and troposphere modelling and studies. The research, primarily carried out within working groups of the IAG Commission 4, resulted in important advancements that were published in leading scientific journals. During the review period, Polish research groups carried out studies on multi-GNSS functional position...
determination of deformation indices, like vertical and horizontal displacements, requires high p... more determination of deformation indices, like vertical and horizontal displacements, requires high precision geodetic surveys. in the classic surveying, the precise, geometrical leveling is commonly used in order to determine vertical displacements and angle-distance measurements in control network in order to determine horizontal displacements. The paper presents the main principles and steps of precise determination of the 3-d displacements with the use of GPs technology. The technology of field measurements together with the construction of the control network and the observation processing methodology is presented. The emphasis was put on the data post-processing strategy in precise, local satellite networks. The presented achievable accuracy is confirmed after several years of the experience gained during field campaigns at the open pit mine adamów and the Main and old city of Gdańsk. The results show that it is possible to achieve 2-3 mm accuracy 3-d coordinates of the monitored ...
Total electron content (TEC) fluctuation in the ionosphere is one of the main unresolved problems... more Total electron content (TEC) fluctuation in the ionosphere is one of the main unresolved problems degrading ambiguity resolution and thus affect the reliability of satellite positioning. With regard to conditions prevailing at mid-latitudes, the impact of the upper atmospheric layers is primarily associated with the occurrence of medium-scale traveling ionospheric disturbances (MSTIDs). This study contains the combined analysis involving MSTIDs patterns observed in raw phase data and their impact on rapid static positioning. The first part is aimed at discrepancies in wavelike MSTIDs signatures detected in time series of high elevated measurements. It was demonstrated that the differences in slant ionospheric delays at medium baselines often exceed 0.5 TEC units and more importantly, the detected MSTIDs patterns were highly mutable. The next section presents the impact of MSTIDs on double differenced ionospheric delays and performance of rapid static positioning. The positioning was...
The monitoring of static and dynamic deformations of buildings and other engineering structures i... more The monitoring of static and dynamic deformations of buildings and other engineering structures is of greatinterest for many scientific and practical reasons. Such measurements provide information required for safe maintenanceof the constructions being a subject of various excitations. At present one of the most commonly used technologyfor this purpose is the high-rate GNSS positioning. The application of GNSS technology with appropriate processingmethodology may meet the specific requirements which result in extraction of information on dynamic displacementsand deformations of ground and engineering structures. The high temporal resolution and precision ofGNSS phase observations predestine this technology to be applied to the most demanding applications in terms of accuracy,availability and reliability. In this study we present preliminary results of application of precise GNSS positioningfor detection of small scale (centimeter level) dynamic displacements. In the first part of wo...
The Medium Scale Travelling Ionospheric Disturbances (MSTIDs) are the most frequent wave signatur... more The Medium Scale Travelling Ionospheric Disturbances (MSTIDs) are the most frequent wave signatures in the ionosphere, with amplitudes up to several TECUs, periods from several hundreds to one-two thousands of seconds, and propagation velocities from 50 to +300 m/s, mainly equator-eastward in winter/fall seasons, and westward in summer/spring seasons (M. Hernandez-Pajares et al., Radio Science, doi:10.1029/2011RS004951, 2012). Although their amplitude in not very important in relative terms, compared with the typical background electron content, MSTID’s undulatory nature makes them likely the main non-linear error affecting precise GNSS processing, for instance in Wide Area RTK or either RTK techniques.
on precise GNSS processing M. Hernandez-Pajares(1), P. Wielgosz(2), J. Paziewski(2), A. Krypiak-G... more on precise GNSS processing M. Hernandez-Pajares(1), P. Wielgosz(2), J. Paziewski(2), A. Krypiak-Gregorczyk(2), K. Stepniak(2), J. Bosy(3), J. Kaplon(3), T. Hadas(3), R. Orus-Perez(4), E. MonteMoreno (1), H. Yang (1), A. Garcia-Rigo (1), and G. Olivares-Pulido (1) (1) UPC, Barcelona, Spain (manuel@ma4.upc.edu)(2) UWM, Olsztyn, Poland (p.a.wielgosz@gmail.com) (3) WUELS, Wroclaw, Poland (jaroslaw.bosy@igig.up.wroc.pl), (4) ESA-ESTEC, Noordwijk, The Netherlands (raul.orus.perez@esa.int)
Mining as well as natural hazards can result in land subsidence and may consequently cause disast... more Mining as well as natural hazards can result in land subsidence and may consequently cause disasters with threat to human life and damage to human property. Determination of deformation indices at area being under influence of open pit mine requires high precision geodetic surveys in order to allow for alerting the plausible hazards. In this paper there are presented the principles of the precise determination of the three dimensional displacements with the use of GPS technology elaborated at the University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn. The presented technology has been in use for several years at the area of open pit mine “Adamow SA” in Turek. The technology of field measurements together with the construction of the control network and the observational session was presented. The emphasis was put on the post-processing strategy in precise local satellite networks. Results show that it is possible to achieve 2-3 mm accuracy of 3-D coordinates of the monitored points.
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