Background: Clinical placement is an essential component of training in health sciences because i... more Background: Clinical placement is an essential component of training in health sciences because it is where theory and practice interface. Objective: To explore experiences of health sciences students during clinical placement in terms of supervision, challenges and coping strategies. Design: It was a cross sectional survey. Setting: University ofZimbabwe, College of Health Sciences. Participants: 179 multidisciplinary health science students. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted using a self-administered questionnaire. Ethical clearance was obtained. Descriptive statistics were used for analysis. Main outcome measures: These were perceptions of students with regard to supervision, challenges faced during clinical placement and coping strategies used. Results: 179 participants responded to the questionnaires. Participants enjoyed linking theory to practice. Perceptions on supervision were both positive and negative. Inadequate supervision and inappropriate behaviours by supervisors were some of the challenges faced. Almost 89% used stress-relieving strategies such as focusing on why they were doing the clinical placement and the importance of successful completion. Ninety-one per cent had never used cannabis/mbanje but 41% had engaged in sexual activity to cope with challenges. Conclusion: This study found that the perceptions of health sciences students about supervision clinical placement, challenges faced and the coping strategies are almost the same as those found elsewhere. It is therefore important to plan clinical placement with the involvement of clinical educators. Recommendations: Supervisors' workshops should be held to create a forum to discuss clinical placement issues. Follow-up of students by academics is recommended. Students should be empowered to cope with challenges.
Objective: The study was carried out to compare the effectiveness of the Ponseti manipulation ver... more Objective: The study was carried out to compare the effectiveness of the Ponseti manipulation versus the Kite's manipulation in the treatment of idiopathic Congenital Talipes Equino Varus (CTEV) as evaluated by the Pirani score. Design: An intervention study, prospective non randomized trial. Setting: Hospital based study at three central hospitals namely Harare Central Hospital (HCH), Parirenyatwa Group of Hospitals (PGH) and Chitungwiza Central Hospitals (CCH) in Zimbabwe. Subjects: 38 feet in 25 patients, 13 bilateral and 12 unilateral CTEV deformities in children less than one year of age and without prior manipulation or surgical treatment were purposively allocated to either Ponseti (20 feet) or Kite's method (18 feet) at three central hospitals. There were no dropouts. Intervention: Participants in two hospitals were managed using the Ponseti method and one hospital managed participants using the kite's method. Baseline Pirani scores were measured before the first treatment was done. Thereafter they were followed up weekly and analysis was done for three and six week outcomes using the Pirani score. Correction was measured by the difference between the baseline hindfoot, midfoot and total scores and the Pirani scores at three weeks and six weeks. Within group analysis of the data was done using a single student t - test and between groups analysis was done using the independent student t - test. Results: Both methods were effective in correcting CTEV deformity. Feet managed by the Ponseti method showed faster rates of decrease in Pirani score (improvement) as compared to feet treated by Kite's method. The between group analysis (Kite Ponseti) at three weeks was -1,4056 (p = 0.0000) [CI = -1.900 to -0.9103] showing a significantly difference between the methods at three weeks. The between group analysis (Kite Ponseti) at six weeks was -2.2302 (p = 0.0000) [CI = -2.9789 to -1.4815] showing a significantly difference between the methods at six weeks. Conclusion: Ponseti management causes faster improvement in CTEV deformity using the Pirani scores than Kite management at three weeks and six weeks. It would therefore be more efficacious to use the Ponseti method of manipulation in the conservative management of CTEV. Issues of cost effectiveness will need to be researched further.
The Central African journal of medicine, Aug 28, 2017
Background: The occurrence of stroke is sudden and devastating. Patients and caregivers are ill p... more Background: The occurrence of stroke is sudden and devastating. Patients and caregivers are ill prepared to deal with the resultant disability. There are no data about the challenges they face and their needs in Zimbabwe.Objective: To explore the challenges faced and needs of stroke survivors and their caregivers at three major referral hospitals in Harare, Zimbabwe. This was done with the view of developing a curriculum to train caregivers of survivors of stroke.Design: A cross-sectional survey.Setting: Chitungwiza, Harare and Parirenyatwa Central Hospitals.Participants: People who had survived a stroke and their caregiversMaterials and Methods: A cross sectional survey was conducted using researcher-administered questionnaires with 56 caregivers and 53 patients. In-depth interviews were also carried out with a different group of 12 selected caregivers. Ethical clearance was obtained from relevant Institutional Review Boards (IRBs). Data were descriptively analysed for frequencies and percentages. Thematic issues from interviews were grouped and analysed.Results: The majority of caregivers who responded to the questionnaires were female (57%), married (54%) and in the age group 18-45 years (64%). Caregivers were mainly related to patients as children (41%) or spouses (27%). Main challenges were encountered during activities of daily living like bathing, toileting and mobilisation. Information needs regarding warning signs of stroke (77%), risk factors of stroke (68%) and how to help patients who had physical limitations meet their physical needs were highlighted. Caregivers wanted to be educated about the stroke and how to care for the patients before they were discharged home. Patients were mainly female (59%) aged above 65 years (55%) They also wanted to know about the condition (87%) and warning signs of stroke (81%). Their main challenge was in doing activities of daily living.Conclusion: This study provides insight into the challenges and needs of people affected by stroke in local communities in Zimbabwe. The caregivers also highlighted the need to improve caregiving skills through training.
Background Regular physical activity and exercise have been shown to be of benefit in managing th... more Background Regular physical activity and exercise have been shown to be of benefit in managing the HIV disease, its complications and the side effects of HAART. The perceptions of those living with HIV toward physical activity and exercises is a key factor in advocating for participation of rehabilitation personnel in the management of this disease. However, this domain remains underexplored in Zimbabwe Methods A descriptive cross-sectional quantitative study was conducted with 327 people living with HIV. participants. Participants were consecutively sampled from Chitungwiza Central Hospital Opportunistic Clinic. The International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) and the Exercise Benefits/Barriers Scale (EBBS) were respectively used to measure the physical activity level and perceived benefits/barriers of physical exercise among adults living with HIV. The tools were self-administered. The analyses were done for 323 participants using the Statistical Package for the Social Sci...
The long-term complications of stroke interfere with function, and the level of disability varies... more The long-term complications of stroke interfere with function, and the level of disability varies based on the type of stroke, location, and the extent of damage. Rehabilitation services are important in the recovery of stroke patients, but not all survivors have access to the services especially in low resourced settings where accessibility and economic challenges are the major barriers. Inadequate fulfilment of stroke survivors’ rehabilitation needs contribute to poor functional outcomes and slow recovery. The objectives of this chapter is therefore to give an overview of stroke and stroke rehabilitation with specific emphasis on occupational therapy, discuss the activities and areas of participation considered important by stroke patients, stroke patients’ needs and perceived fulfilment of these needs in order to provide targeted interventions. Data to inform the chapter is based on research done in a low resource setting. The perceived important activities and participation area...
Animal welfare is a day one competency requirement for veterinarians the world over. In Zimbabwe,... more Animal welfare is a day one competency requirement for veterinarians the world over. In Zimbabwe, as well as in other countries globally, animal welfare was taught to students in the Bachelor of Veterinary Science (BVSc) degree but was never assessed as a standalone course. A need assessment was conducted to determine the need for standalone animal welfare curriculum for Bachelor of Veterinary Science degree in Zimbabwe. An interviewer administered questionnaire which captured both qualitative and quantitative responses was used for data collection. All the respondents suggested that there was need for a standalone animal welfare curriculum for the BVSc course. Most popular reason cited by participants (100%) for the need of the animal welfare course was that there was no stand-alone animal welfare curriculum available. Components of the course suggested include: Animal welfare Science, ethics and law. Animal welfare is a relevant course to the BVSc programme in Zimbabwe whose conte...
Background: Clinical placement is an essential component of training in health sciences because i... more Background: Clinical placement is an essential component of training in health sciences because it is where theory and practice interface. Objective: To explore experiences of health sciences students during clinical placement in terms of supervision, challenges and coping strategies. Design: It was a cross sectional survey. Setting: University ofZimbabwe, College of Health Sciences. Participants: 179 multidisciplinary health science students. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted using a self-administered questionnaire. Ethical clearance was obtained. Descriptive statistics were used for analysis. Main outcome measures: These were perceptions of students with regard to supervision, challenges faced during clinical placement and coping strategies used. Results: 179 participants responded to the questionnaires. Participants enjoyed linking theory to practice. Perceptions on supervision were both positive and negative. Inadequate supervision and inappropriate behaviours by supervisors were some of the challenges faced. Almost 89% used stress-relieving strategies such as focusing on why they were doing the clinical placement and the importance of successful completion. Ninety-one per cent had never used cannabis/mbanje but 41% had engaged in sexual activity to cope with challenges. Conclusion: This study found that the perceptions of health sciences students about supervision clinical placement, challenges faced and the coping strategies are almost the same as those found elsewhere. It is therefore important to plan clinical placement with the involvement of clinical educators. Recommendations: Supervisors' workshops should be held to create a forum to discuss clinical placement issues. Follow-up of students by academics is recommended. Students should be empowered to cope with challenges.
Objective: The study was carried out to compare the effectiveness of the Ponseti manipulation ver... more Objective: The study was carried out to compare the effectiveness of the Ponseti manipulation versus the Kite's manipulation in the treatment of idiopathic Congenital Talipes Equino Varus (CTEV) as evaluated by the Pirani score. Design: An intervention study, prospective non randomized trial. Setting: Hospital based study at three central hospitals namely Harare Central Hospital (HCH), Parirenyatwa Group of Hospitals (PGH) and Chitungwiza Central Hospitals (CCH) in Zimbabwe. Subjects: 38 feet in 25 patients, 13 bilateral and 12 unilateral CTEV deformities in children less than one year of age and without prior manipulation or surgical treatment were purposively allocated to either Ponseti (20 feet) or Kite's method (18 feet) at three central hospitals. There were no dropouts. Intervention: Participants in two hospitals were managed using the Ponseti method and one hospital managed participants using the kite's method. Baseline Pirani scores were measured before the first treatment was done. Thereafter they were followed up weekly and analysis was done for three and six week outcomes using the Pirani score. Correction was measured by the difference between the baseline hindfoot, midfoot and total scores and the Pirani scores at three weeks and six weeks. Within group analysis of the data was done using a single student t - test and between groups analysis was done using the independent student t - test. Results: Both methods were effective in correcting CTEV deformity. Feet managed by the Ponseti method showed faster rates of decrease in Pirani score (improvement) as compared to feet treated by Kite's method. The between group analysis (Kite Ponseti) at three weeks was -1,4056 (p = 0.0000) [CI = -1.900 to -0.9103] showing a significantly difference between the methods at three weeks. The between group analysis (Kite Ponseti) at six weeks was -2.2302 (p = 0.0000) [CI = -2.9789 to -1.4815] showing a significantly difference between the methods at six weeks. Conclusion: Ponseti management causes faster improvement in CTEV deformity using the Pirani scores than Kite management at three weeks and six weeks. It would therefore be more efficacious to use the Ponseti method of manipulation in the conservative management of CTEV. Issues of cost effectiveness will need to be researched further.
The Central African journal of medicine, Aug 28, 2017
Background: The occurrence of stroke is sudden and devastating. Patients and caregivers are ill p... more Background: The occurrence of stroke is sudden and devastating. Patients and caregivers are ill prepared to deal with the resultant disability. There are no data about the challenges they face and their needs in Zimbabwe.Objective: To explore the challenges faced and needs of stroke survivors and their caregivers at three major referral hospitals in Harare, Zimbabwe. This was done with the view of developing a curriculum to train caregivers of survivors of stroke.Design: A cross-sectional survey.Setting: Chitungwiza, Harare and Parirenyatwa Central Hospitals.Participants: People who had survived a stroke and their caregiversMaterials and Methods: A cross sectional survey was conducted using researcher-administered questionnaires with 56 caregivers and 53 patients. In-depth interviews were also carried out with a different group of 12 selected caregivers. Ethical clearance was obtained from relevant Institutional Review Boards (IRBs). Data were descriptively analysed for frequencies and percentages. Thematic issues from interviews were grouped and analysed.Results: The majority of caregivers who responded to the questionnaires were female (57%), married (54%) and in the age group 18-45 years (64%). Caregivers were mainly related to patients as children (41%) or spouses (27%). Main challenges were encountered during activities of daily living like bathing, toileting and mobilisation. Information needs regarding warning signs of stroke (77%), risk factors of stroke (68%) and how to help patients who had physical limitations meet their physical needs were highlighted. Caregivers wanted to be educated about the stroke and how to care for the patients before they were discharged home. Patients were mainly female (59%) aged above 65 years (55%) They also wanted to know about the condition (87%) and warning signs of stroke (81%). Their main challenge was in doing activities of daily living.Conclusion: This study provides insight into the challenges and needs of people affected by stroke in local communities in Zimbabwe. The caregivers also highlighted the need to improve caregiving skills through training.
Background Regular physical activity and exercise have been shown to be of benefit in managing th... more Background Regular physical activity and exercise have been shown to be of benefit in managing the HIV disease, its complications and the side effects of HAART. The perceptions of those living with HIV toward physical activity and exercises is a key factor in advocating for participation of rehabilitation personnel in the management of this disease. However, this domain remains underexplored in Zimbabwe Methods A descriptive cross-sectional quantitative study was conducted with 327 people living with HIV. participants. Participants were consecutively sampled from Chitungwiza Central Hospital Opportunistic Clinic. The International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) and the Exercise Benefits/Barriers Scale (EBBS) were respectively used to measure the physical activity level and perceived benefits/barriers of physical exercise among adults living with HIV. The tools were self-administered. The analyses were done for 323 participants using the Statistical Package for the Social Sci...
The long-term complications of stroke interfere with function, and the level of disability varies... more The long-term complications of stroke interfere with function, and the level of disability varies based on the type of stroke, location, and the extent of damage. Rehabilitation services are important in the recovery of stroke patients, but not all survivors have access to the services especially in low resourced settings where accessibility and economic challenges are the major barriers. Inadequate fulfilment of stroke survivors’ rehabilitation needs contribute to poor functional outcomes and slow recovery. The objectives of this chapter is therefore to give an overview of stroke and stroke rehabilitation with specific emphasis on occupational therapy, discuss the activities and areas of participation considered important by stroke patients, stroke patients’ needs and perceived fulfilment of these needs in order to provide targeted interventions. Data to inform the chapter is based on research done in a low resource setting. The perceived important activities and participation area...
Animal welfare is a day one competency requirement for veterinarians the world over. In Zimbabwe,... more Animal welfare is a day one competency requirement for veterinarians the world over. In Zimbabwe, as well as in other countries globally, animal welfare was taught to students in the Bachelor of Veterinary Science (BVSc) degree but was never assessed as a standalone course. A need assessment was conducted to determine the need for standalone animal welfare curriculum for Bachelor of Veterinary Science degree in Zimbabwe. An interviewer administered questionnaire which captured both qualitative and quantitative responses was used for data collection. All the respondents suggested that there was need for a standalone animal welfare curriculum for the BVSc course. Most popular reason cited by participants (100%) for the need of the animal welfare course was that there was no stand-alone animal welfare curriculum available. Components of the course suggested include: Animal welfare Science, ethics and law. Animal welfare is a relevant course to the BVSc programme in Zimbabwe whose conte...
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