The microbial composition of rearing water, growth and immune status of Litopenaeus vannamei juve... more The microbial composition of rearing water, growth and immune status of Litopenaeus vannamei juveniles in biofloc (T1), substrate-integrated biofloc (T2), substrate (T3) systems and a control with four replicates each were evaluated in a 49-day indoor trail. In each HDPE tank of 70 L capacity filled with 10 g L-1 salinity water, ten shrimp (4.56±0.13 g) were stocked. The C: N ratio of 15:1 was maintained in T1 and T2 using wheat flour as carbon source for production of biofloc. The TAN, NO2 and NO3 were lower (P<0.05) in treatment tanks than that in control. It was also observed that the counts of Bacillus, Lactobacillus, Vibrio and zooplankton were high in T2 than T1, T3 and control. There was higher net weight gain (10.38±0.14 g) and lowest FCR (1.27±0.12) with T2 when compared to T1, T3 and control tanks. Moreover, the survival rate is significantly higher in treatments than control. Significant increase in THC (47.24±4.49 x 106 cells ml-1), serum protein (82.67±0.01 mg/ml), P...
Background: Aeromonas veronii is the most common bacterium responsible for diseases in freshwater... more Background: Aeromonas veronii is the most common bacterium responsible for diseases in freshwater fish rearing systems. Multiple factors can be involved in the virulence processes of Aeromonas bacteria. Hence, the purpose of the present investigation was to evaluate the virulence genes, antimicrobial susceptibility and pathogenicity of A. veronii isolated from freshwater fishes. Methods: In this investigation, we isolated A. veronii from cultured freshwater fishes, Labeo rohita and Catla catla. A. veronii was identified by bacterial staining and culture characteristics. In addition, Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to evaluate the distribution of nine virulence genes including aerolysin, cytotonic enterotoxin (442, 272 bp), elastase, enolase, flagellin, lipase, serine protease and DNase. Result: A total of 88 A. veronii strains were isolated, which includes 56 strains from rohu and 33 strains from catla. The strains were Gram-negative, rod-shaped, motile bacteria and the col...
A study was carried out to evaluate the effect of adding three levels of garlic powder at 0.1, 0.... more A study was carried out to evaluate the effect of adding three levels of garlic powder at 0.1, 0.5 and 1.0% in a basal diet (commercial pellet feed) of Pacific white leg shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei juveniles (5.51±0.34 g) on growth performance, survival rate. The experiment was carried out for 49 days and L. vannamei were fed on four experimental diets with 0% (G0), 0.1% (G1), 0.5% (G2) and 1.0% (G3) of garlic powder in basal diet. The dietary garlic inclusion at three different levels had significantly (p< 0.05) higher. Average weight gain (AWG), SGR, better FCR and survival rate compared to control diet. However, survival rate was not significant between G1 and G0. Among the garlic inclusion diets a significantly (p< 0.05) higher AWG (10.39 ± 0.02) and survival rate (92.50 ± 0.50), better FCR (1.13 ± 0.03) and SGR (2.74 ± 0.03) observed in G2 followed by G3 and lowest in G1. No significant (p< 0.05) difference in FCR and survival observed between G2 and G3.
Not AvailablePolyopisthocotylean monogenean parasites of fishes are highly host specific and have... more Not AvailablePolyopisthocotylean monogenean parasites of fishes are highly host specific and have been used as an appropriate model to study the host-parasite co-evolution. In the present study, eight monogeneans of the order Mazocraeidea were characterized by nuclear 28S rDNA sequences and their phylogenetic relationship with other polyopisthocotylean species was investigated. Neighbour- joining, maximum parsimony, maximum likelihood and Bayesian Inference methods were used for phylogenetic reconstruction. The topology sustained by high bootstrap was: (((Hexabothriidae) (Mazocraeidae) (Discocotylidae) (Diplozoidae) (Diclidophoridae) (Plectanocotylidae) (Heteromicrocotylidae) (Microcotylidae) (Heteraxinidae), (Thoracocotylidae), Gotocotylidae (Gastrocoylidae) (Allodiscocotylidae: Protomicrocotylidae))). In addition, we have also developed DNA barcodes (COI sequences) for six species and the barcodes clearly discriminated all the species. The polytomy within Protomicrocotylidae famil...
The pollution of the marine environment by plastics such as polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride, pol... more The pollution of the marine environment by plastics such as polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride, polystyrene, and polyurethane, is discussed. As plastic materials are relatively resistant to oxidative ageing and are generally not degraded by microorganisms, they will accumulate in coastal and oceanic waters. The origin of plastic pollutants, their distribution in the marine environment, and their persistence and ultimate fate, are largely unknown. The technology is available to manufacture plastic materials with a programmed service life which, if widely adopted, would reduce the accumulation of plastics in the sea. But their random distribution should be discouraged on behalf of the marine environment.
International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences, 2018
Pacific white shrimp, Penaeus vannamei is the most extensively farmed crustacean species in the w... more Pacific white shrimp, Penaeus vannamei is the most extensively farmed crustacean species in the world as well India.In India, Andhra Pradesh state is occupying first place in culture production of vannamei shrimp. In recent years, P. vannamei faming in Andhra Pradesh is being encountered with multiple diseases such as running mortality syndrome (RMS), white spot syndrome virus (WSSV), white faeces/ white gut syndrome and severe retarded growth due a microsporedian, Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei (EHP) infection causing catastrophic influence on economy. Besides these diseases, cultured P. vannamei in Andhra Pradesh is being affected with soldier cap disorder with a clinical symptom of carapace folding out from the gill region at both sides, leading to moulting problem and poor growth rate in shrimp. In this connection, a study was conducted for a period of eight months from March 2017 to October 2017 in vannamei culture ponds of Nellore, Prakasam, Krishna and West Godavari districts of...
International Journal of Bio-resource and Stress Management
In India, Labeo rohita is widely cultured and consumed freshwater fish. Aeromonads are etiologica... more In India, Labeo rohita is widely cultured and consumed freshwater fish. Aeromonads are etiological agents of major bacterial fish diseases like furunculosis, haemorrhagic septicaemia, skin ulcers, fin/tail rot and dropsy, causing significant economic losses in carp culture. Aeromonas species are widely distributed in aquatic environment which is considered as important vehicle of Aeromonas infections to fish and humans. Some of the Aeromonas spp. causes gastroenteritis, septicaemia, peritonitis, meningitis and eye infections in humans. In the present study Aeromonas species were isolated from diseased freshwater fish Labeo rohita collected from two districts viz., West Godavari and SPSR Nellore of Andhra Pradesh, India. A Total of 12 Aeromonas spp. were isolated and identified by biochemical tests. A. veronii bv. veronii (35%) was dominant when compared to other Aeromonas spp. Further, Antimicrobial resistance and multiple Antimicrobial resistance (MAR) of all Aeromonas spp. were te...
International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences, 2018
Pacific white shrimp, Penaeus vannamei is the most extensively farmed crustacean species in the w... more Pacific white shrimp, Penaeus vannamei is the most extensively farmed crustacean species in the world as well India.In India, Andhra Pradesh state is occupying first place in culture production of vannamei shrimp. In recent years, P. vannamei faming in Andhra Pradesh is being encountered with multiple diseases such as running mortality syndrome (RMS), white spot syndrome virus (WSSV), white faeces/ white gut syndrome and severe retarded growth due a microsporedian, Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei (EHP) infection causing catastrophic influence on economy. Besides these diseases, cultured P. vannamei in Andhra Pradesh is being affected with soldier cap disorder with a clinical symptom of carapace folding out from the gill region at both sides, leading to moulting problem and poor growth rate in shrimp. In this connection, a study was conducted for a period of eight months from March 2017 to October 2017 in vannamei culture ponds of Nellore, Prakasam, Krishna and West Godavari districts of Andhra Pradesh state to analyze the possible causes of soldier cap in vannamei with respect to various pond management practices. The prevalence of soldier cap in P. vannamei noticed was 20%, 40%, 30% and 30% in Nellore, Prakasam, Krishna and West Godavari districts respectively. A co-relation was observed between stocking density, pond water quality parameters and soldier cap disorder. This study represents the first record on the emergence of soldier cap disorder in P. vannamei.
The aim of this study was to analyze the phylogenetic relationship between Explanatum explanatum ... more The aim of this study was to analyze the phylogenetic relationship between Explanatum explanatum populations in India and other countries of the Indian subcontinent. Seventy liver amphistomes collected from four localities in India were identified as E. explanatum based on the nucleotide sequences of ribosomal ITS2. The flukes were then analyzed phylogenetically based on the nucleotide sequence of the mitochondrial gene nad1 in comparison with flukes from Bangladesh and Nepal. In the resulting phylogenetic tree, the nad1 haplotypes from India were divided into four clades, and the flukes showing the haplotypes of clades A and C were predominant in India. The haplotypes of the clades A and C have also been detected in Bangladesh and Nepal, and therefore, it seems they occur commonly throughout the Indian subcontinent. The results of AMOVA suggested that gene flow was likely to occur between E. explanatum populations in these countries. These countries are geographically close and hav...
Acta parasitologica / Witold Stefanski Institute of Parasitology, Warszawa, Poland, 2016
Polyopisthocotylean monogenean parasites of fishes are highly host specific and have been used as... more Polyopisthocotylean monogenean parasites of fishes are highly host specific and have been used as an appropriate model to study the host-parasite co-evolution. In the present study, eight monogeneans of the order Mazocraeidea were characterized by nuclear 28S rDNA sequences and their phylogenetic relationship with other polyopisthocotylean species was investigated. Neighbour-joining, maximum parsimony, maximum likelihood and Bayesian Inference methods were used for phylogenetic reconstruction. The topology sustained by high bootstrap was: (((Hexabothriidae (Mazocraeidae (Discocotylidae (Diplozoidae (Diclidophoridae (Plectanocotylidae (Heteromicrocotylidae (Microcotylidae (Heteraxinidae), (Thoracocotylidae, Gotocotylidae (Gastrocoylidae (Allodiscocotylidae: Protomicrocotylidae))). In addition, we have also developed DNA barcodes (COI sequences) for six species and the barcodes clearly discriminated all the species. The polytomy within Protomicrocotylidae family is resolved in this st...
The microbial composition of rearing water, growth and immune status of Litopenaeus vannamei juve... more The microbial composition of rearing water, growth and immune status of Litopenaeus vannamei juveniles in biofloc (T1), substrate-integrated biofloc (T2), substrate (T3) systems and a control with four replicates each were evaluated in a 49-day indoor trail. In each HDPE tank of 70 L capacity filled with 10 g L-1 salinity water, ten shrimp (4.56±0.13 g) were stocked. The C: N ratio of 15:1 was maintained in T1 and T2 using wheat flour as carbon source for production of biofloc. The TAN, NO2 and NO3 were lower (P<0.05) in treatment tanks than that in control. It was also observed that the counts of Bacillus, Lactobacillus, Vibrio and zooplankton were high in T2 than T1, T3 and control. There was higher net weight gain (10.38±0.14 g) and lowest FCR (1.27±0.12) with T2 when compared to T1, T3 and control tanks. Moreover, the survival rate is significantly higher in treatments than control. Significant increase in THC (47.24±4.49 x 106 cells ml-1), serum protein (82.67±0.01 mg/ml), P...
Background: Aeromonas veronii is the most common bacterium responsible for diseases in freshwater... more Background: Aeromonas veronii is the most common bacterium responsible for diseases in freshwater fish rearing systems. Multiple factors can be involved in the virulence processes of Aeromonas bacteria. Hence, the purpose of the present investigation was to evaluate the virulence genes, antimicrobial susceptibility and pathogenicity of A. veronii isolated from freshwater fishes. Methods: In this investigation, we isolated A. veronii from cultured freshwater fishes, Labeo rohita and Catla catla. A. veronii was identified by bacterial staining and culture characteristics. In addition, Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to evaluate the distribution of nine virulence genes including aerolysin, cytotonic enterotoxin (442, 272 bp), elastase, enolase, flagellin, lipase, serine protease and DNase. Result: A total of 88 A. veronii strains were isolated, which includes 56 strains from rohu and 33 strains from catla. The strains were Gram-negative, rod-shaped, motile bacteria and the col...
A study was carried out to evaluate the effect of adding three levels of garlic powder at 0.1, 0.... more A study was carried out to evaluate the effect of adding three levels of garlic powder at 0.1, 0.5 and 1.0% in a basal diet (commercial pellet feed) of Pacific white leg shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei juveniles (5.51±0.34 g) on growth performance, survival rate. The experiment was carried out for 49 days and L. vannamei were fed on four experimental diets with 0% (G0), 0.1% (G1), 0.5% (G2) and 1.0% (G3) of garlic powder in basal diet. The dietary garlic inclusion at three different levels had significantly (p< 0.05) higher. Average weight gain (AWG), SGR, better FCR and survival rate compared to control diet. However, survival rate was not significant between G1 and G0. Among the garlic inclusion diets a significantly (p< 0.05) higher AWG (10.39 ± 0.02) and survival rate (92.50 ± 0.50), better FCR (1.13 ± 0.03) and SGR (2.74 ± 0.03) observed in G2 followed by G3 and lowest in G1. No significant (p< 0.05) difference in FCR and survival observed between G2 and G3.
Not AvailablePolyopisthocotylean monogenean parasites of fishes are highly host specific and have... more Not AvailablePolyopisthocotylean monogenean parasites of fishes are highly host specific and have been used as an appropriate model to study the host-parasite co-evolution. In the present study, eight monogeneans of the order Mazocraeidea were characterized by nuclear 28S rDNA sequences and their phylogenetic relationship with other polyopisthocotylean species was investigated. Neighbour- joining, maximum parsimony, maximum likelihood and Bayesian Inference methods were used for phylogenetic reconstruction. The topology sustained by high bootstrap was: (((Hexabothriidae) (Mazocraeidae) (Discocotylidae) (Diplozoidae) (Diclidophoridae) (Plectanocotylidae) (Heteromicrocotylidae) (Microcotylidae) (Heteraxinidae), (Thoracocotylidae), Gotocotylidae (Gastrocoylidae) (Allodiscocotylidae: Protomicrocotylidae))). In addition, we have also developed DNA barcodes (COI sequences) for six species and the barcodes clearly discriminated all the species. The polytomy within Protomicrocotylidae famil...
The pollution of the marine environment by plastics such as polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride, pol... more The pollution of the marine environment by plastics such as polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride, polystyrene, and polyurethane, is discussed. As plastic materials are relatively resistant to oxidative ageing and are generally not degraded by microorganisms, they will accumulate in coastal and oceanic waters. The origin of plastic pollutants, their distribution in the marine environment, and their persistence and ultimate fate, are largely unknown. The technology is available to manufacture plastic materials with a programmed service life which, if widely adopted, would reduce the accumulation of plastics in the sea. But their random distribution should be discouraged on behalf of the marine environment.
International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences, 2018
Pacific white shrimp, Penaeus vannamei is the most extensively farmed crustacean species in the w... more Pacific white shrimp, Penaeus vannamei is the most extensively farmed crustacean species in the world as well India.In India, Andhra Pradesh state is occupying first place in culture production of vannamei shrimp. In recent years, P. vannamei faming in Andhra Pradesh is being encountered with multiple diseases such as running mortality syndrome (RMS), white spot syndrome virus (WSSV), white faeces/ white gut syndrome and severe retarded growth due a microsporedian, Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei (EHP) infection causing catastrophic influence on economy. Besides these diseases, cultured P. vannamei in Andhra Pradesh is being affected with soldier cap disorder with a clinical symptom of carapace folding out from the gill region at both sides, leading to moulting problem and poor growth rate in shrimp. In this connection, a study was conducted for a period of eight months from March 2017 to October 2017 in vannamei culture ponds of Nellore, Prakasam, Krishna and West Godavari districts of...
International Journal of Bio-resource and Stress Management
In India, Labeo rohita is widely cultured and consumed freshwater fish. Aeromonads are etiologica... more In India, Labeo rohita is widely cultured and consumed freshwater fish. Aeromonads are etiological agents of major bacterial fish diseases like furunculosis, haemorrhagic septicaemia, skin ulcers, fin/tail rot and dropsy, causing significant economic losses in carp culture. Aeromonas species are widely distributed in aquatic environment which is considered as important vehicle of Aeromonas infections to fish and humans. Some of the Aeromonas spp. causes gastroenteritis, septicaemia, peritonitis, meningitis and eye infections in humans. In the present study Aeromonas species were isolated from diseased freshwater fish Labeo rohita collected from two districts viz., West Godavari and SPSR Nellore of Andhra Pradesh, India. A Total of 12 Aeromonas spp. were isolated and identified by biochemical tests. A. veronii bv. veronii (35%) was dominant when compared to other Aeromonas spp. Further, Antimicrobial resistance and multiple Antimicrobial resistance (MAR) of all Aeromonas spp. were te...
International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences, 2018
Pacific white shrimp, Penaeus vannamei is the most extensively farmed crustacean species in the w... more Pacific white shrimp, Penaeus vannamei is the most extensively farmed crustacean species in the world as well India.In India, Andhra Pradesh state is occupying first place in culture production of vannamei shrimp. In recent years, P. vannamei faming in Andhra Pradesh is being encountered with multiple diseases such as running mortality syndrome (RMS), white spot syndrome virus (WSSV), white faeces/ white gut syndrome and severe retarded growth due a microsporedian, Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei (EHP) infection causing catastrophic influence on economy. Besides these diseases, cultured P. vannamei in Andhra Pradesh is being affected with soldier cap disorder with a clinical symptom of carapace folding out from the gill region at both sides, leading to moulting problem and poor growth rate in shrimp. In this connection, a study was conducted for a period of eight months from March 2017 to October 2017 in vannamei culture ponds of Nellore, Prakasam, Krishna and West Godavari districts of Andhra Pradesh state to analyze the possible causes of soldier cap in vannamei with respect to various pond management practices. The prevalence of soldier cap in P. vannamei noticed was 20%, 40%, 30% and 30% in Nellore, Prakasam, Krishna and West Godavari districts respectively. A co-relation was observed between stocking density, pond water quality parameters and soldier cap disorder. This study represents the first record on the emergence of soldier cap disorder in P. vannamei.
The aim of this study was to analyze the phylogenetic relationship between Explanatum explanatum ... more The aim of this study was to analyze the phylogenetic relationship between Explanatum explanatum populations in India and other countries of the Indian subcontinent. Seventy liver amphistomes collected from four localities in India were identified as E. explanatum based on the nucleotide sequences of ribosomal ITS2. The flukes were then analyzed phylogenetically based on the nucleotide sequence of the mitochondrial gene nad1 in comparison with flukes from Bangladesh and Nepal. In the resulting phylogenetic tree, the nad1 haplotypes from India were divided into four clades, and the flukes showing the haplotypes of clades A and C were predominant in India. The haplotypes of the clades A and C have also been detected in Bangladesh and Nepal, and therefore, it seems they occur commonly throughout the Indian subcontinent. The results of AMOVA suggested that gene flow was likely to occur between E. explanatum populations in these countries. These countries are geographically close and hav...
Acta parasitologica / Witold Stefanski Institute of Parasitology, Warszawa, Poland, 2016
Polyopisthocotylean monogenean parasites of fishes are highly host specific and have been used as... more Polyopisthocotylean monogenean parasites of fishes are highly host specific and have been used as an appropriate model to study the host-parasite co-evolution. In the present study, eight monogeneans of the order Mazocraeidea were characterized by nuclear 28S rDNA sequences and their phylogenetic relationship with other polyopisthocotylean species was investigated. Neighbour-joining, maximum parsimony, maximum likelihood and Bayesian Inference methods were used for phylogenetic reconstruction. The topology sustained by high bootstrap was: (((Hexabothriidae (Mazocraeidae (Discocotylidae (Diplozoidae (Diclidophoridae (Plectanocotylidae (Heteromicrocotylidae (Microcotylidae (Heteraxinidae), (Thoracocotylidae, Gotocotylidae (Gastrocoylidae (Allodiscocotylidae: Protomicrocotylidae))). In addition, we have also developed DNA barcodes (COI sequences) for six species and the barcodes clearly discriminated all the species. The polytomy within Protomicrocotylidae family is resolved in this st...
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